2013年高考英语二轮专题思路点拨及增分训练 阅读理解13.doc

2013高考英语二轮专题思路点拨及增分训练—阅读理解13Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will“obey”spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（模仿）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. It is a problem we need to get out teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds. 51.Before children start speaking________. A.they need equal amount of listening B.they need different amounts of listening C.they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions D.they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions 52.Children who start speaking late ________. A.may have problems with their listening B.probably do not hear enough language spoken around them C.usually pay close attention to what they hear D.often take a long time in learning to listen properly 53.A baby’s first noises are ________. A.an expression of his moods and feelings B.an early form of language C.a sign that he means to tell you something D.an imitation of the speech of adults 54.The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech________. A.is important because words have different meanings for different people B.is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually C.is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age D.is one that should be completely ignored（忽略）because children’s use of words is often meaningless 55.The speaker implies________. A.parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds B.children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak C.children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly D.even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating 51－55 BDAD AIn 490 B.C. the Greek messenger, Pheidippides , ran about 40 kilometers from the town of “Marathon”to Athens to announce the victory of Athens over Macedon . Since then ,the 42–kilometer “Marathon”race has become a great test for athletes. However, for many years , only men were allowed to run this race , because the distance was said to be unbearable for women. In 1966, an American women named Roberta Gibb proved that idea wrong. Gibb had always enjoyed running .One day in 1964 , she saw the Boston Marathon happening as she was running in the woods. Since running meant a lot to her, she began training harder , hoping to join the marathon some day. Gibb finally applied to run in the 1966 Boston Marathon, but she was not given entrance because the Boston Marathon Association considered that women were not strong enough to run 42 kilometers . Yet, this was no obstacle to Gibb, for she knew she had the physical and mental strength to complete the race .On the day the 1966 Boston Marathon was held , Gibb hid in the bushes and jumped into the race when it began. She finished the race in 3 hours and 21 minutes, defeating two thirds of the men in the race and proving that women could run the marathon.Although what Gibb did was only to realize her dream, in doing so she showed the world that women could accomplish greater things than many people believed they could.5。