生物化学与分子生物学名词中英文对照表(共19页).doc

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上分子生物学adenine(A)腺嘌呤base碱基guanine(G)鸟嘌呤nudeotide核苷酸cytosine(C)胞嘧啶nucleoside核苷uracil(U)尿嘧啶thymine(T)胸腺嘧啶base pair碱基对phosphodiester linkage磷酸二酯键nucleosome核小体ribosome核糖体ribosomal RNA(rRNA)核糖体RNAtransfer RNA(tRNA)转运RNAmessenger RNA(mRNA)信使RNAnuclease核酸酶salvage pathway补救合成de novo synthesis从头合成uric acid尿酸inosine肌苷the central dogma中心法则semiconservative replication半保留复制DNA dependent DNA polymerase依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶mitochondria DNA线粒体DNAexonuclease核酸外切酶incorporation掺入helicase解螺旋酶DNA topoisomeraseDNA拓扑异构酶single stranded DNA binding protein单链DNA结合蛋白gyrase旋转酶primosome引发体primase引物酶DNA ligaseDNA连接酶origin 起始点bidirectional replication双向复制replicon复制子leading strand领头链lagging strand随从链Okazaki fragment冈崎片段rolling circle replication滚环复制telomerase端粒酶mutation突变dimer二聚体mismatch错配excission repairing切除修复recombination repairing重组修复reverse transcriptase逆转录酶integration整合ribozyme核酶DNA dependent RNA polymerase依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶coding strand编码链template strand模板链core enzyme核心酶holoenzyme全酶operon操纵子promoter启动子Pribnow boxPribnow盒transacting factor反式作用因子transcriptional factor转录因子stern loop茎环hairpin发夹primary transcripts初级转录产物post-transcriptional modification转录后修饰hetero-nuclear RNA hnRNAsmall nuclear RNAsnRNAsplit gene断裂基因exon外显子intron内含子self splicing自我剪接translation翻译codon密码子initiation codon起始密码termination codon终止密码code密码ribozyme cycle核糖体循环adaptor转换器post-translational processing翻译后加工interferon干扰素antibiotics抗生素anticodon反密码子releasing factor释放因子wobble pairing摇摆配对degeneracy简并性signal peptide信号肽secretory protein分泌性蛋白质elongation factor延长因子streptomycin链霉素tetracycline四环素chloromycetin氯霉素puromycin嘌呤霉素cycloheximide防线菌酮promoter启动子lac operon乳糖操纵子temporal specificity时间特异性spatial specificity空间特异性housekeeping gene管家基因constitutive expression组成性基因表达induction诱导repression阻遏operator操纵序列cis-acting element顺式作用元件trans-acting factor反式作用因子repressor阻遏物activator激活物catabolite gene activation proteinCAP分解代谢物基因激活蛋白attenuation转录衰减attenuator衰减子enhance增强子general transcription factor基本转录因子zinc finger锌指transformation转化transfection转染transduction转导transposition转座transposon转座子recombination重组homologous recombination同源重组clone克隆cloning克隆化copy拷贝genetic engineering基因工程restriction endonulease限制性内切酶cloning rector基因载体plasmid质粒complementary DNA，cDNA互补DNAmolecular medicine分子医学gene therapy基因治疗genomic DNA library基因组DNA文库signal transduction信号转导hormone激素receptor受体secondary messenger第二信使ligand配体guanylate binding protein鸟苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白)adenylate cyclase腺苷酸环化酶protein kinase A蛋白激酶AcAMP response element，CREcAMP应答元件protein kinase C蛋白激酶Ccalmoduline，CaM钙调蛋白tyrosine-protein kinase，TPK酪氨酸蛋白激酶autophosphorylation自身磷酸化protein phosphatase蛋白磷酸酶cross talk交联对话生物化学1章random coil无规卷曲threonine苏氨酸motif模体valine缬氨酸zinc finger锌指结构leucine亮氨酸chaperon分子伴侣lysine赖氨酸tertiary structure三级结构phenylalanine苯丙氨酸domain结构域methionine蛋氨酸fibronectin纤连蛋白histine组氨酸quaternary structure四级结构arginine精氨酸subunit亚基tyrosine酪氨酸myoglobin肌红蛋白cysteine半胱氨酸hemoglobin(Hb)血红蛋白alanine丙氨酸allosteric effect变构效应glycine甘氨酸denaturation变性serine丝氨酸renaturation复性aspartic acid天冬氨酸protein coagulation蛋白质凝固asparagine天冬酰胺ninhydrin reaction茚三酮反应glutamic acid谷氨酸biuret reaction双缩脲反应glutamine谷氨酰胺salt precipitation盐析isoelectric point等电点electrophoresis电泳peptide bond肽键dialysis透析glutathione(GSH)谷胱甘肽chromatography层析neuropeptide神经肽gel filtration凝胶过滤conformation空间构象ultracentrifugation超速离心amino acid sequence氨基酸序列sedimentation coefficient(S)沉降系数2章purine嘌呤deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)脱氧核糖核酸pyrimidine嘧啶ribonucleic acid(RNA)核糖核酸adenine(A)腺嘌呤guanine(G)鸟嘌呤nudeotide核苷酸cytosine(C)胞嘧啶nucleoside核苷uracil(U)尿嘧啶thymine(T)胸腺嘧啶phosphodiester linkage磷酸二酯键nucleosome核小体ribosome核糖体hybridization杂交genetic code遗传密码double helix双螺旋supercoil超螺旋probe探针ribosomal RNA(rRNA)核糖体RNAtransfer RNA(tRNA)转运RNAmessenger RNA(mRNA)信使RNA3章biocatalyst生物催化剂proximity effect邻近效应enzyme酶orientation arrange定向排列substrate底物multielement catalysis多元催化monomeric enzyme单体酶surface effect表面效应oligomeric enzyme寡聚酶rectangular hyperbola矩形双曲线Multienzyme system多酶体系Michaelis equation米氏方程式multifunctional enzyme多功能酶Michaelis constant(Km)米氏常数tandem enzyme串联酶maximum velocity(Vmax)最大反应速度simple enzyme单纯酶mover number转换数conjugated enzyme结合酶doub。