2the english renaissance (自动保存的).docx

Session 3 The English RenaissanceWhat is Renaissance?Renaissance is a cultural and intellecutal movement, which marks the transition from medieval to the modern world.It first sprang in Florence and Venice of Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and architecture from the 14th century and mid 17th century. The word Renaissance is actually a French word, meaning "re-birth“Features of Renaissance1. A thirsty curiosity for classical literature; 2. A general revival of the study of Greek and Latin authors, the keen interest in the welfare of human beings;3. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world.English Renaissance• 1. Background Information※The New Monarchy※ The Reformation※ The English Bible※ The Enclosure Movement 圈地运动※ The Renaissance and Humanism• 2. The Flowering of English Literature ※ Edmund Spencer※ Johnn Donne※ William Shakespear ※ Francis BaconEnglish Renaissance• Historical background1.The War of Roses(1455-1485)-weaken the feudalism and pave the way for development of bourgeois society2. The Tudors• Medieval Peior(1066-1485)• Henry VII(1485-1509)• Henry VIII(1507-1547)• Edward VI(1547-1553)• Mary I(1553-1558)• The reign of Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603)Henry VIII’s Reformation• He broke with Rome, confiscated the property of Church, established Protestant.• It is a political movement in a religious guise, struggle of bourgeois class for power.• The War with Spain: “Armada”— the bourgeoisie came to fore in the arena of history• Commercial Expansion: exploration and travel abroad, colonies.Queen Elizabeth Renaissance literaturePoetry: Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, John Donne Drama: Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Ben JohnsonProse: Thomas More, Francis BaconEdmund Spenser (1552-1599)• Born in a middle-class family• Worked as a secretary • Developed a friendship with Philip Sydney• Appointed as a secretary to the new lord deputy of Ireland and lived mostly in Ireland.Masterpieces • The Shepheardes Calendar(1579) 《 牧羊人日记 》The Shepheardes CalendarA series of 12 ecologues(pastoral poem).A dialogue between shepherds.12 calendar represent the twelve months of the year.Discuss themes of love, religion,poetry and other contemporary affairs.• Amoretti (after 1594, dedicated to his wife)Faerie Queen (dedicated to the Queen)( written in the1590s) 《 仙后 》1. The poem tells 12 virtues of the private gentleman, and plans to write 12 books, each one with a different hero distinguished for one of the private virtues, finally 6 books were written.2. The six books related the adventures of the knights who represent the qualities of holiness, temperance,chastity,friendship, justice, and courtesy 3. The Faerie Queen attempts to hold together a unified vision of the world. Shakespeare as a poet and his sonnet• Sonnet is a lyric poem in a single stanza consisting of 14 iambic pentameter（五音步抑扬格） lines linked by an intricate rhyme scheme（韵式）. • Shakespeare out-performs the verbal gymnastics of any of his contemporaries.• The majority of Shakespeare’s sonnets are addressed to a man.• The rhyme scheme of the sonnets follow two basic patterns1. Italian sonnet ( also called Petrarchan sonnet) comprises an 8-line octave ( or octet), rhymed abbaabba, followed by a 6-line sestet usually rhymed cdecde or cdcdcd.2. Shakespearean sonnet ( also called the The English sonnet) comprises three quatrains and a final couplet, rhyming ababcdcdefefgg. John DonneLeader of metaphysical poets:– a great visitor of ladies– a great frequenter of plays– a great writer of conceited verses1584 Studied in Oxford 1587 Studied in Cambridge1592 Studied in Lincoln’s Inn 1598 To be Secretary to a Lord Keeper1601 Married Anne More, cast into prison1621-1631 Be appointed as Dean of St. Paul’s Church• Metaphysical PoetryDefinition: The term "metaphysical" is used to designate the work of 17th-century writers, represented by John Donne, who were part of a school of poets using similar methods and who revolted against the romantic conventionalism of Elizabethan love poetry, in particular the Petrarchan conceit. Metaphysical Poets(P.50)John Dryden first labeled John Donne a metaphysical poet.George Herbert(1593-1633)Richard Crashaw(c.1613-1649)Henry Vaughan(1621-1695)Metaphysical Features • Emphasized intellect or wit as against feeling and emotion • Rejected the romantic exaggeration of Elizabethan love poetry • The language was rough but the poetry had a psychological depth that Elizabethan love poems lack.Metaphysical Poets(P.52)• Dryden and Samuel Johnson criticize the style as being excessive in showing off knowledge.• Metaphysical poetry emphasized intellect or wit as against feeling and emotion.• They used conceits(类比修辞) to express ideas in a sharp and harsh manner.• A conceit is an elaborate and surprising figure of speech, camparing two very dissimilar things.Poem: The Flea characteristics (1) • a tendency to psychological a。