住宅小区配电设计外文文献翻译中英文.pdf

外文文献翻译外文文献翻译（含：英文原文及中文译文）（含：英文原文及中文译文）译文字数：译文字数：3700 多字文献出处文献出处：J EhnbergPower of Community Distribution to Design ［J]Value Engineering, 2016， 2(3）:14-21英文原文英文原文Power of Community Distribution to DesignJ EhnbergABSTRACTThe basic function of the electric power system is to transport theelectric power towards customers The l0kV electric distribution net is akey point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on theindustry， business and daily-life. For the electric power， allcostumersexpect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability， but don'tconsider that it’s self—contradictory in the co-existence of economy andreliable。

To improve the reliability of the power supply network， wemust increase the investment cost of the network construction But，if thecost that improve the reliability of the network construction, but theinvestment on this kind of construction would be worthless if thereducing loss is on the power —off is less than the increasing investmenton improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make themost economic， between the investment and the loss by calculating theinvestment on power net and the loss brought from power—off。

KEYWORDS： power supply and distribution， power distributionreliability , reactive compensation， load distributionIn general, major changes to the building include： high voltage andlow voltage distribution systems, transformers, and backup powersystems. Power systems include power distribution and control ， indoorand outdoor lighting systems include all types of lighting， and lightningprotection systems include intrusion protection， lightning sensors，grounding， equipotential bonding， and local equipotential bonding。

Auxiliary equipotential bonding. In just 20 years, the system hasundergone enormous changes in the face of technology and products.Many design ideas have also changed dramatically Switchgear， suchas the first circuit-breaker oil circuit breaker in a high-voltage system, andthe subsequent development of an oil circuit breaker, are not only large insize but generally contain oil. Due to the large size of the switchgear, wemust also establish a separate equipment room that occupies a largeamount of floor area. Vacuum circuit breakers and sulfur hexafluoridecircuit breakers are not only small in size， but also have a largeshort—circuit capacity。

The size of the housing is much larger than thatof the original cabinets, and the circuit breakers do not have any oil andthe fire performance is greatly improved And circuit breakers and otherlow-voltage devices are in one room, which saves space and is easy tomanage. In the past， large—capacity low—voltage circuit breakersgradually increased the capacity of the short-circuit current ， graduallyreduced the scale, and became more stable， making the system safer andmore reliable, which facilitated the design. Towards the development ofintelligent low—voltage circuit breakers, various parameters of the circuitbreaker can be controlled by the bus industry and the signals aretransmitted directly to the computer。

The appearance of dry—type transformers has brought greatconvenience to the electrical design of buildings because there is nopossibility of leakage of transformer oil and fire so that it can be easilyinstalled in the building itself and even directly into the load center Italso eliminates the transformer’s demand for oil and can use dry-typetransformers when building large—capacity equipment. Four Taiwanese2500kVA dry-type transformers have been used in actual engineeringdesign.In terms of using emergency generators， it is much more advancedthan in the past in terms of performance and size. In addition to usingdiesel generators; emergency lighting uses EPS standby power; devicesthat interrupt power within a millisecond can use UPS.The control of electrical equipment varies from the control of asingle component to the control of relays. In addition to the smaller sizeof the various components for better performance, the specification of thecontrol box is also reduced。

Because digital technology is more used incontrol to achieve the best control status to control the equipmentFurther improve the effect of energy conservation.The revolution of electric power system has brought a new big roundconstruction, which is pushing the greater revolution of electric powertechnique along with the application of new technique and advancedequipment. Especially, the combination of the information technique andelectric power technique，to great ex— tent，has improved reliability onelectric quality and electric supply. The technical development decreasesthe cost on electric construction and drives innovation of electric network.On the basis of national and international advanced electric knowledge,the dissertation introduces the research hotspot for present electric powersyetem as following.Firstly， This dissertation introduces the building condition ofdistribution automation （ DA) ，and brings forward two typicalconstruction modes on DA construction， integrative mode and fissionmode .It emphasize the DA structure under the condition of the fissionmode and presents the system configuration, the main station scheme, thefeeder scheme, the optimized communication scheme etc., which is forDA research reference。

Secondly， as for the （DA） trouble measurement， position，isolation and resume, This dissertation analyzes the changes of pressureand current for line problem, gets math equation by educing phase shortcircuit and problem position under the condition of single—phase andworks out equation and several parameter s U& ， s I& and e I＆ tableon problem . It brings out optimized isolation and resume plan, realizesauto isolation and network reconstruction， reduces the power off rangeand time and improves the reliability of electric power supply throughproblem self— diagnoses and self-analysis. It also introduces softwareflow and use for problem judgement and sets a model on networkreconstruction and computer flow。

Thirdly, electricity system state is estimated to be one of the keytechniques in DA realizationThe dissertation recommends the resolventof bad measurement data and structure mistake on the ground ofdescribing state estimate way It also advances a practical test andjudging way on topology mistake in state estimate about bad data test andabnormity in state estimate as well as the problem and effect on bad datafrom state measure to state estimate .As for real time monitor and controlproblem, the dissertation introduces a new way to solve them byelectricity break and exceptional analysis, and the way has been tested inWeifang DA.Fourthly, about the difficulty for building the model of loadforecasting， big parameter scatter limit and something concerned, thedissertation introduces some parameters， eg. weather factor, date typeand social environment effect based on analysis of routine loadforecasting and means。

It presents the way for electricity loadforecasting founded on neural network(ANN） ，which has been tested it’svalidity by example and made to be good practical effectFifthly， concerning the lack of concordant wave on preve ntingconcordant wave and non-power compensation and non-continuity oncompensation， there is a topology structure of PWM main circuit andnonpower theory on active filter the waves technique and builds flat proofon the ground of Saber Designer and proves to be practical. Meanwhile, itanalyzes and designs the way of non-power need of electric network tre—nds and decreasing line loss combined with DA， which have been testedits objective economic benefit throu- gh counting example。

Sixthly， not only do the dissertation design a way founded on themagrginal electric price fitted to our present national electric powermarket with regards to future trends of electric power market in Chinaand fair trade under the government surveillance, that is group competition in short—term trade under the way of grouped price and quantityharmony, but also puts forward combination arithmetic, math model oftrading plan and safty economical restriction. It can solve the originalcontradiction between medium and long term contract price and shortterm competitive price with improvement on competitive percentage andcut down the unfair income difference of electric factory, at the sametime，it can optimize the electric limit for all electric factories and reducethe total purchase charge of electric power from burthen curve of wholeelectric market network.The distribution network is an important link among the powersystem. Its neutral grounding mode and operation connects security andstability of the power system directly 。

At the same time, the problemabout neutral grounding is associated with national conditions ， naturalenvironment， device fabrication and operation. For example, the activitysituation of the thunder and lightning, insulating structure and theperipheral interference will influence the choice of neutral groundingmode Conversely， neutral grounding mode affects design, operation ，debugs and developing. Generally in the system higher in grade in thevoltage, the insulating expenses account for more sizable proportion atthe total price of the equipment. It is very remarkable to bring theeconomic benefits by reducing the insulating level. Usually such systemadopt the neutral directly grounding and adopt the autoreclosing toguarantee power supply reliability. On the contrary， the system which islower in the voltage adopts neutral none grounding to raise power supplyreliability。

So it is an important subject to make use of new- type earthdevice to apply to the distribution network under considering the situationin such factors of various fields as power supply reliability， safetyfactor， over-voltage factor， the choice of relay protection， investmentcost, etcThe main work of this paper is to research and choice the neutralgrounding mode of the l0kV distribution network. The neutral groundingmode of the l0kV network mainly adopts none grounding, grounding byarc suppressing coil, grounding by reactance grounding and directlygrounding。

The best grounding mode is confirmed through thetechnology comparison It can help the network run in safety and limitthe earth electric arc by using auto—tracking compensate device andusing the line protection with the detection of the sensitive small groundcurrent The paper introduces and analyzes the characteristic of all kindof grounding modes about l0kV network at first With the comparisonwith technological and economy, the conclusion is drawn that theimproved arc suppressing coil grounding mode shows a very bigdevelopment potential。

Then,thispaperresearchesandintroducessomeoperationcharacteristics of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode of the l0kVdistribution network And then the paper put emphasis on how toextinguish the earth electric arc effectively by utilizing the resonanceprinciple This paper combines the development of domestic andinternational technology and innovative achievement，and introduces thecomputer earth protection and autotracking compensate deviceIt provesthat the improved arc suppressing coil grounding mode have betteroperation characteristics in power supply reliability ， personal security,security of equipment and interference of communication 。

Theapplication of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode is also researchedin this paper.Finally， the paper summarizes this topic research As a result ofthe domination of the arc suppressing coil grounding mode, it should bemore popularized and applied in the distribution network in the future The way of thinking， project and conclusions in this thesis have effecton the research to choose the neutral grounding mode not only in I0kVdistribution network but also in other power system.The basic function of the electric power system is to transport theelectric power towards customers。

The l0kV electric distribution net is akey point that connects the power supply with the electricity using on theindustry， business and daily-life For the electric power, all costumersexpect to pay the lowest price for the highest reliability， but don’tconsider that it's self-contradictory in the co —existence of economy andreliable To improve the reliability of the power supply network ， wemust increase the investment cost of the network con- struction But, if thecost that improve the reliability of the network construction， but theinvestment on this kind of construction would be worthless if thereducing loss is on the power —off is less than the increasing investmenton improving the reliability .Thus we find out a balance point to make themost economic, between the investment and the loss by calculating theinvestment on power net and the loss brought from power—off. Thethesis analyses on the economic and the reliable of the various line modes,according to the characteristics various line modes existed in the electricdistribution net in foshan。

First, the thesis introduces as the different line modes in the l0kVelectric distribution net and in some foreign countries. Making it cleartow to conduct analyzing on the line mode of the electric distribution net，and telling us how important and necessary that analyses are.Second， it turns to the necessity of calculating the number ofoptimization subsection, elaborating how it influences on the economyand reliability Then by building up the calculation mode of the numberof optimization subsection it introduces different power supply projectson the different line modes in brief 。

Third, it carries on the calculationand analyses towards the reliability and economy of the different linemodes of electric distribution net， describing drafts according by thecalculation. Then it makes analysis and discussion on the number ofoptimization subsectionAt last， the article make conclusion on the economy and reliabilityof different line modes， as well as, its application situation Accordionto the actual circumstance, the thesis puts forward the beneficialsuggestion on the programming and construction of the l0kV electricdistribution net in all areas in foshan 。

Providing the basic theories andbeneficial guideline for the programming design of the lOkV electricdistribution net and building up a solid net, reasonable layout， qualifiedsafe and efficiently-worked electric distribution netAuto—Tune SequenceThe auto-tuning sequence begins after the hysteresis and deviationvalues have been determined. The tuning process begins when the initialoutput step is applied to the loop outputThis change in output value should cause a corresponding change inthe value of the process variable. When the output change drives the PVaway from setpoint far enough to exceed the hysteresis boundary azero—crossing event is detected by the auto-tuner。

Upon each zerocrossing event the auto-tuner drives the output in the opposite directionThe tuner continues to sample the PV and waits for the next zerocrossing event. A total of twelve zero-crossings are required to completethe sequence The magnitude of the observed peak-to—peak PV values(peak error) and the rate at which zero-crossings occur are directly relatedto the dynamics of the process Early in the auto—tuning process， theoutput step value is proportionally adjusted once to induce subsequentpeak-to—peak swings of the PV to more closely match the desireddeviation amount。

Once the adjustment is made, the new output stepamount is written into the Actual Step Size field（ASTEP) of the looptable The auto-tuning sequence will be terminated with an error, if thetime between zero crossings exceeds the zero crossing watchdog intervaltime The default value for the zero crossing watchdog interval time istwo hours中文译文中文译文住宅小区配电设计J Ehnberg摘要电力系统的基本功能是向客户输送电力10kV 配电网是将电力供应与用于工业，商业和日常生活中的电力相连接的关键点 对于电力而言，所有用户都希望以最高的可靠性支付最低的价格， 但不要认为它在经济和可靠性的共存方面是自相矛盾的 .为了提高供电网络的可靠性,我们必须增加网络建设的投资成本但是，如果提高网络建设可靠性的成本，但如果减少的损失是在关闭的时候， 这种建设的投资将是毫无价值的， 小于增加的改善投资通过计算电网投资和停电带来的损失，找出投资与亏损之间最具经济性的平衡点。

关键词：供配电，配电可靠性，无功补偿，负荷分配电气工程设计包括两个主要的设计方面 .主要是一部分的电能的转换及分配和电 力的供配、 照明系统、 防雷接地系统.一般来说 ，建筑主要的变化包括 :高压和低压配 电系统、变压器、备用电源系统电力系统包括配电和控制，室内和室外照明系统包括所有类型的照明，防雷系统包括入侵波防护、闪电传感器、接地、等电位连接和局部等电位连接等.辅助等电位连接等.在短短的 20 年里 , 系统在技术和产品的面貌发 生了翻天覆地的变化许多的设计理念也发生了巨大的变化开关设备如高压系统的 第一个断路器油断路器,后来油断路器的逐步发展 , 不仅规模大 ， 但是一般都包含油物 质 由于开关设备尺寸较大 , 我们还必须建立独立的设备房间 , 占据了大量的建筑面积现在真空断路器和六氟化硫断路器 , 不仅体积小 , 而且短路容量大，外壳尺寸远小于原 来的橱柜， 并且断路器没有任何油 ， 防火性能大大提高. 而且断路器和其他低压设备在 一个房间里 ， 这样即节省空间又方便管理过去大容量的低压断路器 ， 短路电流容量逐 渐变大 ，规模也逐渐变小 , 而且更加稳定 , 使系统运行更加安全可靠 , 为设计带来了方 便。

向着智能化低压断路器方向发展 ， 断路器各种参数可以通过总线工业控制 ， 信号直 接传输到计算机干式变压器的出现 ， 对建筑电气设计带来了极大的方便 ， 因为没有变压器油泄漏和 火灾的可能性 ， 以便它可以很容易地安装在建筑本身 ， 甚至直接到负荷中心它还消除 变压器对油的需求限制 , 构建大容量设备时可以使用干式变压器 . 在实际工程设计中曾 应用四个台湾 2500kVA 干式变压器在使用紧急发电机方面 ， 从性能和尺寸的角度来看 ， 比过去进步很多除了使用柴 油发电机;应急照明使用 EPS 备用电源;中断供电在一个毫秒以内的设备 , 可以使用 UPS 电力设备的控制从单一元件的控制到控制继电器控制变化 除了更好的性能的各 种组件的规模较小 , 也降低控制箱的规模 由于数字技术更多的运用于控制能达到最佳 的控制状态来控制设备进一步提高了节能的效果.电力系统革命带来了新一轮大型建设， 随着新技术，先进设备的应用，推动了电力技术的更大革命特别是，信息技术和电力技术的结合，极大地提高了电气质量和电力供应的可靠性 .技术发展降低了电力建设的成本，推动了电网的创新在国内外先进电气知识的基础上,本文介绍了目前电力系统的研究热点如下。

首先,介绍了配电自动化（DA）的建设条件,提出了 DA 建设，一体化模式和分裂模式两种典型的建设模式， 着重分析了裂变模式下的数据采集结构，给出了系统配置，主站方案，馈线方案 ,优化通信方案等，供 DA 研究参考其次，针对（DA）故障测量,定位，隔离和恢复的问题，本文分析了线路问题的压力和电流变化， 在单相和工作条件下通过导出相短路和问题位置得到数学方程 out 方程和几个参数 s U＆，s I＆和 e I＆问题表通过问题自我诊断和自我分析,带来优化的隔离和恢复计划，实现自动隔离和网络重构，缩短断电范围和时间 ,提高供电可靠性它还引入了软件流程和用于问题判断， 并为网络重构和计算机流程建立了一个模型第三，电力系统状态估计是 DA 实现的关键技术之一.在描述状态估计方式的基础上，推荐了不良测量数据和结构错误的解决办法对状态估计的拓扑错误以及从状态测量到状态估计的不良数据问题和影响提出了实际测试和判断方法.针对实时监测和控制问题，通过断电和异常分析,介绍了解决这些问题的新途径，并在潍坊 DA 测试中进行了试验第四，关于建立负荷预测模型的难度 ,大参数分散极限等问题，本文介绍了一些参数，天气因素,日期类型和社会环境效应的基础上，分析了常规负荷预测和手段。

提出了基于神经网络（ANN）的电力负荷预测方法,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性，取得了较好的实际效果第五，针对谐波不协调，无功补偿和补偿不连续的缺陷，提出了PWM 主电路拓扑结构和非功率理论，对有源滤波技术进行了有效的滤波， Sabre Designer 的设计并且被证明是实用的 同时,分析设计了电网无功需求方式，结合 DA 减少线损，通过实例验证了其客观经济效益第六,本文不仅根据我国现有电力市场关于中国电力市场的未来趋势和政府监管下的公平贸易的磁电价格设计了一种方法， 即集体竞争简称在分组价格和数量协调的基础上进行了期货交易， 并提出了组合算术,交易计划的数学模型和安全经济约束它可以解决中长期合同价格与短期竞争价格之间的原始矛盾 ,提高竞争力，降低电厂不公平收入差距,同时可以优化所有电厂的电力限制，从整个电力市场网络的负荷曲线中减少电力购买总费用.配电网络是电力系统中的重要环节 其中性接地方式和操作直接连接电力系统的安全性和稳定性同时 ,中性点接地问题与国情，自然环境，设备制造和运行有关例如,雷电的活动情况，绝缘结构和外围干扰会影响中性点接地方式的选择 相反，中性点接地方式影响设计，操作，调试和开发。

一般在电压等级较高的系统中，绝缘费用在设备的总价格中占较大的比例.通过降低绝缘水平带来经济效益非常显着.通常这种系统采用中性点直接接地，并采用自动重合闸来保证供电的可靠性相反，电压较低的系统采用中性无接地方式来提高供电可靠性.因此,在考虑供电可靠性，安全系数，过电压因素，继电保护选择等各方面因素的情况下， 利用新型接地装置应用于配电网是一个重要课题投资成本等本文的主要工作是研究和选择 10kV 配电网的中性点接地方式l0kV 网络的中性点接地方式主要采用非接地方式，采用消弧线圈接地，电抗接地方式接地，直接接地.通过技术比较确定最佳接地模式它可以帮助网络安全运行， 并通过使用自动跟踪补偿装置来限制接地电弧,并使用线路保护以及敏感小地电流的检测本文首先介绍和分析了 10kV 电网各种接地方式的特点通过与技术经济比较，得出改进型消弧线圈接地方式具有很大的发展潜力然后，本文研究并介绍了10kV 配电网灭弧线圈接地方式的一些运行特性.然后重点论述了如何利用谐振原理有效扑灭地电弧本文结合国内外技术发展和创新成果， 介绍了计算机接地保护和自动跟踪补偿装置.证明改进型消弧线圈接地方式在供电可靠性，人身安全性,设备安全性和通信干扰方面具有较好的运行特性 .本文还研究了消弧线圈接地方式的应用。

最后,本文总结了这一课题的研究由于消弧线圈接地方式的支配，今后应在配电网中更加普及和应用 .本论文的思路，方案和结论对中性点接地选择的研究有一定的影响模式不仅在 I0kV 配电网中，而且在其他电力系统中也是如此.电力系统的基本功能是向客户输送电力10kV 配电网是将电力供应与用于工业,商业和日常生活中的电力相连接的关键点对于电力来说，所有的客户都希望以最高的可靠性支付最低的价格， 但不要认为它在经济和可靠性的共存方面是自相矛盾的 为了提高供电网络的可靠性，我们必须增加网络建设的投资成本， 但如果提高网络建设可靠性的成本,但如果减少这种建设的投资将是没有价值的因此，我们通过计算电力网络投资和电力带来的损失， 找到了一个平衡点，从而使投资与损失之间的经济性最大化 根据佛山配电网各种线路模式的特点,分析了各种线路模式的经济性和可靠性首先，介绍了 10kV 配电网和国外的不同线路模式明确拖曳对配电网的线路模式进行分析，并告诉我们分析的重要性和必要性其次，它转向了计算优化子部分数量的必要性， 阐述了它如何影响经济和可靠性然后通过建立优化分段数的计算模式 ,简要介绍了不同线路模式下的不同供电方案。

第三 ,对配电网不同线路模式的可靠性和经济性进行了计算分析，并根据计算结果进行了描述然后对优化子部分的数量进行分析和讨论.最后,文章对不同线路模式的经济性和可靠性及其应用情况做出了总结针对实际情况，提出了对佛山各区域10kV 配电网规划建设的有益建议为 10kV 配电网规划设计提供基本理论和有益指导，构建实网,布局合理，合格安全高效配电网自动调谐序列在确定滞后和偏差值后开始自整定过程 当初始输出步骤应用于环路输出时,调谐过程开始.输出值的这种改变应该引起过程变量值的相应改变 当输出改变驱动 PV 离开设定点足够远以超过滞后边界时，自动调谐器检测到过零事件.每次过零事件时，自动调谐器以相反的方向驱动输出.调谐器继续采样 PV 并等待下一个过零事件完成序列总共需要十二个过零点 观察到的峰值到峰值 PV 值(峰值误差） 的大小以及发生过零点的速率与过程的动态直接相关 .在自动调谐过程早期，输出阶跃值会按比例调整一次，以引起PV 的后续峰 — 峰摆动，以更接近地匹配所需的偏差量一旦进行了调整 ,新的输出步长量将被写入循环表的实际步长字段（ASTEP） 如果过零点之间的时间超过过零监视间隔时间，则自动调谐过程将终止并显示错误。

过零看门狗间隔时间的默认值是两个小时。