英语专业翻译Cha.ppt

Chapter IV. 3 转句译法E to C(一）一） 副词的分译副词的分译The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.中国人似乎为他们经济建设上取得的巨大成就感到自豪，中国人似乎为他们经济建设上取得的巨大成就感到自豪，这是合这是合乎情理的乎情理的Jerry quickly ordered everyone to put on life jackets, and tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire.杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，杰里立即叫大家穿上救生衣，并且奋力灭火，但却无济于事但却无济于事But, occasionally, through haste carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long. 但是，但是，偶尔偶尔也有这种情况：也有这种情况：仓促匆忙或者粗心大意造成了一些错误，结果仓促匆忙或者粗心大意造成了一些错误，结果当天停业结算时，一个出纳会短了现金，而另一个却会多了现当天停业结算时，一个出纳会短了现金，而另一个却会多了现金。

金An outsider’s success could even An outsider’s success could even curiouslycuriously help two parties help two parties to get the agreement they want.to get the agreement they want. 说来奇怪说来奇怪说来奇怪说来奇怪，一个局外人取得的成功竟然能促使双方达成一项他们，一个局外人取得的成功竟然能促使双方达成一项他们，一个局外人取得的成功竟然能促使双方达成一项他们，一个局外人取得的成功竟然能促使双方达成一项他们希望取得的协议希望取得的协议希望取得的协议希望取得的协议（二）形容词的分译（二）形容词的分译（二）形容词的分译（二）形容词的分译• •Buckley was in a Buckley was in a clearclear minority. minority. • •巴克利属于少数派，巴克利属于少数派，巴克利属于少数派，巴克利属于少数派，这是明摆着的事实这是明摆着的事实这是明摆着的事实这是明摆着的事实。

• •That region was the most That region was the most identifiableidentifiable trouble place. trouble place.• •那地区是个麻烦的地方，那地区是个麻烦的地方，那地区是个麻烦的地方，那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家很容易看出来的这是大家很容易看出来的这是大家很容易看出来的这是大家很容易看出来的• •He had long been held in He had long been held in cordialcordial contempt by his contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial. peers; now that contempt was no longer cordial. • •长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，却还是诚恳友好地待却还是诚恳友好地待却还是诚恳友好地待却还是诚恳友好地待他他他他；现在，他的同僚对；现在，他的同僚对；现在，他的同僚对；现在，他的同僚对 他不屑一顾，再也不象以前那样诚他不屑一顾，再也不象以前那样诚他不屑一顾，再也不象以前那样诚他不屑一顾，再也不象以前那样诚挚友好了。

挚友好了挚友好了挚友好了• •He stalked away, but with a He stalked away, but with a gnawinggnawing uncertainty in uncertainty in his breast. his breast. • •他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼感到十分苦恼感到十分苦恼感到十分苦恼• •The number of the young people in the United States The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is who cannot read is incredibleincredible——about one in four. ——about one in four. • •大约有四分之一的美国年青人没有阅读能力，大约有四分之一的美国年青人没有阅读能力，大约有四分之一的美国年青人没有阅读能力，大约有四分之一的美国年青人没有阅读能力，这简直令人这简直令人这简直令人这简直令人难以置信难以置信难以置信难以置信。

（三）动词的分译（三）动词的分译•Radio waves have been considered radiant energy.•人们已经认识到人们已经认识到，无线电波是一种辐射能，无线电波是一种辐射能•The maximum demand for electricity today is expected to double within a decade.•可以预料可以预料，目前对电的最大需要量在十年，目前对电的最大需要量在十年内可望增加一倍内可望增加一倍（四）短语的分译（四）短语的分译（四）短语的分译（四）短语的分译• •To be scientificTo be scientific, we must test the formulas and the , we must test the formulas and the conclusions by experiments.conclusions by experiments.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）（不定式短语）（不定式短语）• •要使之具有科学性要使之具有科学性要使之具有科学性要使之具有科学性，我们必须用实验来验证这些公式和结论。

我们必须用实验来验证这些公式和结论我们必须用实验来验证这些公式和结论我们必须用实验来验证这些公式和结论• •Owing to the resistanceOwing to the resistance, a current will heat the , a current will heat the conductor along which it is passing. (conductor along which it is passing. (介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语) )• •由于有电阻由于有电阻由于有电阻由于有电阻，电流会使它通过的导体发热电流会使它通过的导体发热电流会使它通过的导体发热电流会使它通过的导体发热• •Moving with greater speedMoving with greater speed, the molecules strike the , the molecules strike the walls of the container harder and harder. (walls of the container harder and harder. (分词短语分词短语分词短语分词短语) ) • •运动速度越大运动速度越大运动速度越大运动速度越大，分子对容器壁的撞击就越猛烈，越频繁。

分子对容器壁的撞击就越猛烈，越频繁分子对容器壁的撞击就越猛烈，越频繁分子对容器壁的撞击就越猛烈，越频繁• •As a secret training base for a revolutionary new As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane, it was an excellent site, plane, it was an excellent site, its remotenessits remoteness effectively masking its activity. effectively masking its activity. 这个地方作为完全新型飞这个地方作为完全新型飞这个地方作为完全新型飞这个地方作为完全新型飞机的秘密训练基地是非常理想的，机的秘密训练基地是非常理想的，机的秘密训练基地是非常理想的，机的秘密训练基地是非常理想的，因为它地处边陲因为它地处边陲因为它地处边陲因为它地处边陲，，，，有效地有效地有效地有效地掩盖了其中的活动掩盖了其中的活动掩盖了其中的活动掩盖了其中的活动 •The station chief would have to be close to the director, a member of the inner circle. •这位站长将得不接近董事，因为董事是核心集团因为董事是核心集团成员成员。

•Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving out darkness and choking shadows. •阳光射入了它所能透过的所有地方，赶走了黑暗，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影驱散了幽影•Their power increased with their number. •他们人数增多了他们人数增多了，力量也随之增强了•He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. •他来到华盛顿，就国际形式来说，时机成熟了时机成熟了•As if the gloom of the earth and sky had been but the effluence of these two mortal hearts, it vanished with their sorrow. All at once, as if with a sudden smile of heaven, forth burst the sunshine, pouring a very flood into the obscure forest, gladdening each green leaf, transmuting the yellow fallen ones to gold, and gleaming the gray trunks of the solemn trees. •仿佛天地间的昏沉就是两人内心感情的流露，此时随着他们的忧伤一并逝去了。

片刻间，天空仿佛绽开了笑脸，金灿灿的阳光喷射出来，洒遍了洒遍了昏暗的森林，片片绿叶显得生机勃勃，枯黄的落昏暗的森林，片片绿叶显得生机勃勃，枯黄的落叶给染成了金色，黯然的灰色树身也现出光泽叶给染成了金色，黯然的灰色树身也现出光泽（五）非人称主语句的分译•The good tidings filled the whole nation with joy.• 捷报传来，举国欢腾•Poor acoustics spoilt the performance. •音响效果不好，演出大为逊色(六）六） 句子主要内容之后的附加成分分开成句句子主要内容之后的附加成分分开成句 有些英语句子的主要内容之后跟有附加成分，或起解释、说明的作用，或起强调意义的作用这样的附加成分通常可以分译法处理例如：•But when the politician or the engineer refers to oil, he almost always means mineral oil, the oil that drives tanks, aeroplanes and warships, motor cars and diesel locamotives, the oil that is used to lubricate all kinds of machineray. This is the oil that has changed the life of the common man.•可是当政治家或工程师谈到油的时候，他所指的几乎总是矿物油。

这种油用来开坦克，开飞机，开军舰，这种油用来开坦克，开飞机，开军舰，开汽车，开柴油机车，可以用来润滑各种机械开汽车，开柴油机车，可以用来润滑各种机械就是这种油改变了普通人的生活We seek to beat the life and soul out of Hitler and Hitlerism — that alone, that all the time, that to the end. 　　我们竭力要给希特勒和希特勒主义以　　我们竭力要给希特勒和希特勒主义以狠很打击，置之于死地狠很打击，置之于死地这是我们唯一所这是我们唯一所求的，这是我们时时刻刻力求实现的，不求的，这是我们时时刻刻力求实现的，不达目的，决不罢休达目的，决不罢休•　　　　My My mother, mother, Jane Jane LamptonLampton Clemens, Clemens, died died in in her her 88th 88th year, year, a a might might ageage for for one one who who at at 40 40 was was so so delicate delicate of of body body as as to to be be accounted accounted a a confirmed confirmed invalid destined to pass soon away. invalid destined to pass soon away. • 我我我我的的的的母母母母亲亲亲亲简简简简· · 兰兰兰兰普普普普顿顿顿顿· · 克克克克莱莱莱莱门门门门斯斯斯斯是是是是在在在在她她她她八八八八十十十十八八八八岁岁岁岁那那那那年年年年去去去去世世世世的的的的。

这这这这对对对对于于于于一一一一位位位位四四四四十十十十岁岁岁岁时时时时就就就就身身身身体体体体纤纤纤纤弱弱弱弱，，，，被被被被公公公公认认认认有有有有痼痼痼痼疾疾疾疾缠缠缠缠身身身身，，，，注注注注定定定定不不不不久久久久于于于于人人人人世世世世的的的的人人人人，，，，是是是是难难难难得的高龄得的高龄得的高龄得的高龄C to E•有些汉语句子很长，尤其是一些复句和多重复句信息繁多，为了避免译成英文后句子更长、信息更拥挤的现象发生，有必要采用分译法处理• •去年八月那场去年八月那场去年八月那场去年八月那场使七个国家遭受了极大损失使七个国家遭受了极大损失使七个国家遭受了极大损失使七个国家遭受了极大损失的来势凶猛的来势凶猛的来势凶猛的来势凶猛的龙卷风已经引起全球科学家的高度重视的龙卷风已经引起全球科学家的高度重视的龙卷风已经引起全球科学家的高度重视的龙卷风已经引起全球科学家的高度重视• •The violent tornado that struck in August last The violent tornado that struck in August last year has aroused great attention among the year has aroused great attention among the scientists throughout the world. scientists throughout the world. Seven countries Seven countries suffered a great loss from the tornadosuffered a great loss from the tornado. .• •冬天冬天冬天冬天，快过阴历年的时候，一个风雪满天的星期日，，快过阴历年的时候，一个风雪满天的星期日，，快过阴历年的时候，一个风雪满天的星期日，，快过阴历年的时候，一个风雪满天的星期日，余永泽从外面抱回了许多好吃的东西。

余永泽从外面抱回了许多好吃的东西余永泽从外面抱回了许多好吃的东西余永泽从外面抱回了许多好吃的东西• •It was winterIt was winter. One snowy Sunday not long before . One snowy Sunday not long before the lunar New Year, the lunar New Year, YongzeYongze came home loaded came home loaded with parcels.with parcels.• •他他他他像大海捞针一样像大海捞针一样像大海捞针一样像大海捞针一样在茫茫黑夜里寻找金色的梦在茫茫黑夜里寻找金色的梦在茫茫黑夜里寻找金色的梦在茫茫黑夜里寻找金色的梦• •He searched for his golden dream in the pitch He searched for his golden dream in the pitch dark of the night. dark of the night. It was just like fishing for a It was just like fishing for a needle in the oceanneedle in the ocean. . 1 1 将汉语单句译成两个或两个以上的英语单句将汉语单句译成两个或两个以上的英语单句将汉语单句译成两个或两个以上的英语单句将汉语单句译成两个或两个以上的英语单句 他站起来腾出一把椅子请我坐下。

他站起来腾出一把椅子请我坐下他站起来腾出一把椅子请我坐下他站起来腾出一把椅子请我坐下 He rose from a chair and offered it to me. He rose from a chair and offered it to me. Then he asked me to sit down.Then he asked me to sit down. 野地上花儿极多，黄的、白的、红的、蓝的野地上花儿极多，黄的、白的、红的、蓝的野地上花儿极多，黄的、白的、红的、蓝的野地上花儿极多，黄的、白的、红的、蓝的 The wild country is overgrown with flowers. The wild country is overgrown with flowers. Some are yellow and some white. Others are Some are yellow and some white. Others are red and still others blue.red and still others blue. 2 把汉语复句译成两个或两个以上的英语句子 经过北伐、土地革命、抗日战争和解放战争推翻了帝国主义、经过北伐、土地革命、抗日战争和解放战争推翻了帝国主义、经过北伐、土地革命、抗日战争和解放战争推翻了帝国主义、经过北伐、土地革命、抗日战争和解放战争推翻了帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义三座大山，中国人民从此站起来了，封建主义、官僚资本主义三座大山，中国人民从此站起来了，封建主义、官僚资本主义三座大山，中国人民从此站起来了，封建主义、官僚资本主义三座大山，中国人民从此站起来了，并且从新民主义走上社会主义道路，取得建设社会主义的巨大并且从新民主义走上社会主义道路，取得建设社会主义的巨大并且从新民主义走上社会主义道路，取得建设社会主义的巨大并且从新民主义走上社会主义道路，取得建设社会主义的巨大成就。

成就 Through the Northern Expedition, the Agrarian Through the Northern Expedition, the Agrarian Revolution, the Anti-Japanese War and the War for Revolution, the Anti-Japanese War and the War for National Liberation, we overthrew the three huge National Liberation, we overthrew the three huge mountains of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic mountains of imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism. Thus, the Chinese people rose to their feet. capitalism. Thus, the Chinese people rose to their feet. Proceeding from New Democracy, they took the road to Proceeding from New Democracy, they took the road to socialism and scored tremendous achievements in socialism and scored tremendous achievements in socialist construction. socialist construction. 总之，中国加入世贸组织，不仅有利于进一步改善国际贸易总之，中国加入世贸组织，不仅有利于进一步改善国际贸易总之，中国加入世贸组织，不仅有利于进一步改善国际贸易总之，中国加入世贸组织，不仅有利于进一步改善国际贸易环境，加强农业国际合作，而且有利于中国在农业中发展市环境，加强农业国际合作，而且有利于中国在农业中发展市环境，加强农业国际合作，而且有利于中国在农业中发展市环境，加强农业国际合作，而且有利于中国在农业中发展市场经济，增强中国农业在国际市场的竞争力，这是发展中国场经济，增强中国农业在国际市场的竞争力，这是发展中国场经济，增强中国农业在国际市场的竞争力，这是发展中国场经济，增强中国农业在国际市场的竞争力，这是发展中国农业的一个非常难得的机会和积极因素。

农业的一个非常难得的机会和积极因素农业的一个非常难得的机会和积极因素农业的一个非常难得的机会和积极因素 In short, China’s WTO accession will not only help In short, China’s WTO accession will not only help improve the country’s international trade environment improve the country’s international trade environment and strengthen its international cooperation in the and strengthen its international cooperation in the farming sector, but also promote the development of farming sector, but also promote the development of market economy in China’s farming sector and market economy in China’s farming sector and enhance the competitive capacity of China’s enhance the competitive capacity of China’s agricultural products on the international market. This agricultural products on the international market. This is indeed a rare opportunity for, as well as a positive is indeed a rare opportunity for, as well as a positive factor in, the development of China’s agriculture. factor in, the development of China’s agriculture.  盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止盛夏炎日，一走进浙江莫干山的林间小道就汗止心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不心凉，加上轻风拂煦，浑身有说不出的舒坦，忍不住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界？住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界？住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界？住要赞叹一声：莫干山，好一个清凉世界？ No matter how hot it is “outside” in No matter how hot it is “outside” in midsummer, once you step onto a forest trail in midsummer, once you step onto a forest trail in MoganMogan Mountain located in Zhejiang Province, Mountain located in Zhejiang Province, you feel so cool that your sweat withdraws. In you feel so cool that your sweat withdraws. In addition, a soft breeze refreshes you so nicely addition, a soft breeze refreshes you so nicely with a gentle caress that you feel indescribably with a gentle caress that you feel indescribably comfortable and that you cannot but exclaim: “ comfortable and that you cannot but exclaim: “ How cool it is here in How cool it is here in MoganMogan Mountain !” Mountain !”  罗大方从警备司令部转到法院看守所坐了三个罗大方从警备司令部转到法院看守所坐了三个罗大方从警备司令部转到法院看守所坐了三个罗大方从警备司令部转到法院看守所坐了三个月牢，虽然红润的面孔瘦了些，也白了些，但是月牢，虽然红润的面孔瘦了些，也白了些，但是月牢，虽然红润的面孔瘦了些，也白了些，但是月牢，虽然红润的面孔瘦了些，也白了些，但是丝毫看不出有受到挫折后的萎靡和困顿。

丝毫看不出有受到挫折后的萎靡和困顿丝毫看不出有受到挫折后的萎靡和困顿丝毫看不出有受到挫折后的萎靡和困顿 LuoLuo DafangDafang had been transferred from the had been transferred from the garrison headquarters to the lock-up of the garrison headquarters to the lock-up of the district court, where he had been detained for district court, where he had been detained for three months. Though his face was no longer three months. Though his face was no longer as plump and ruddy as before, the as plump and ruddy as before, the persecution he had suffered did not leave him persecution he had suffered did not leave him downcast or exhausted.downcast or exhausted. 3 包含总说和分说的汉语复句用分译法处理包含总说和分说的汉语复句用分译法处理最近几年，学校对教学制度进行了改革，最明显的一点是学分制，也就是学生提前修满规定的学分，就可提前毕业。

In recent years our school has been conducting some reforms in the educational system. One of the most dramatic changes is the adoption of the credit system, which means that students can graduate ahead of time if they obtain the required credits ahead of schedule.第第2020届中国地毯交易会的规模为历届之最，来自全国届中国地毯交易会的规模为历届之最，来自全国各地的专业外贸公司和有地毯出口经营权的各类外贸各地的专业外贸公司和有地毯出口经营权的各类外贸公司及地毯厂共公司及地毯厂共108108家踊跃参展，世界上有家踊跃参展，世界上有3030多个国多个国家、地区的家、地区的200200多家公司、商社欣然应邀多家公司、商社欣然应邀The 20th China Carpet Fair will be the largest of its The 20th China Carpet Fair will be the largest of its kind in scale. Foreign trade corporations specialized kind in scale. Foreign trade corporations specialized in carpet business, other various foreign trade in carpet business, other various foreign trade companies authorized to export carpets as well as companies authorized to export carpets as well as 108 carpet factories from all over the country are to 108 carpet factories from all over the country are to take an active part in the exhibition. Moreover, over take an active part in the exhibition. Moreover, over 200 companies and firms from more than 30 200 companies and firms from more than 30 countries and regions around the world have gladly countries and regions around the world have gladly accepted the invitation to the Carpet Fair. accepted the invitation to the Carpet Fair. - 9-Practice The sacred snowdrop has long been a symbol of purity and hope. In a Biblical story, when Adam and Eve were banished from the Garden of Eden, Eve stood with tears in her eyes, looking out over the icy, flowerless Earth around her, blanketed with snow. An angel appeared, caught a falling snowflake and blew gently upon it, whereupon it it formed a snowdrop flower. The angel handed it to Eve and told her to have hope, as the summer sun would soon arrive. The angel disappeared, leaving behind a whole ring of snowdrops. That is how the first snowdrops were formed.Answer　　圣洁的雪花莲久远以来就是纯洁和希望的象　　圣洁的雪花莲久远以来就是纯洁和希望的象征。

在征在《《圣经圣经》》故事中，亚当和夏娃被逐出伊甸故事中，亚当和夏娃被逐出伊甸园时，夏娃泪涟涟地望着她周围的土地，天寒地园时，夏娃泪涟涟地望着她周围的土地，天寒地冻，没有鲜花，白雪覆盖着大地这时，一个天冻，没有鲜花，白雪覆盖着大地这时，一个天使飘然而至，抓住一片雪花，轻吹一下，它就变使飘然而至，抓住一片雪花，轻吹一下，它就变成了一朵雪花莲天使把它递给夏娃，告诉她要成了一朵雪花莲天使把它递给夏娃，告诉她要怀抱希望，夏日很快就会到来天使飘然而去，怀抱希望，夏日很快就会到来天使飘然而去，留下了一簇雪花莲花环第一代雪花莲就这样诞留下了一簇雪花莲花环第一代雪花莲就这样诞生了。