
高中英语六种基本句型结构(2022年整理).pdf
6页1 英语学习中的六种基本句型结构英语学习中的六种基本句型结构 英语的句式从表达形式上来看,形式多样且丰富多彩,但仔细观察后就不难发现,无论其怎样变化,它们大都基本保持了常见的六个句型结构也就是说,绝大多数英语句子都是由这六个基本句式演变、衍生而成的因此,掌握好这六个基本句型以及他们的基本用法,对于初学英语的同学们来说,就显得非常重要了这里做一简单列举与说明,希望对同学们的学习有所帮助: 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:(主谓)主语动词 二:(主系表)主语动词表语 三:(主谓宾)主语动词宾语 四:(主谓间宾直宾)主语动词宾语宾语 五:(主谓宾宾补)主语动词宾语补语 六:There be + 主语+ 其它 一、句型一、句型 1:Subject (主语主语) Verb (谓语谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的动词如:work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen 等如: 1) Li Ming works very hard李明学习很努力 2) The little girl cried even harder。
小女孩哭得更厉害了 3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon事故是昨天下午发生的 1、The sun is rising 2、Ill try 3、Did you sleep well?(well 做状语,修饰不及物动词 sleep) 4、The engine broke down 注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态 1、The book sells well 2、The window wont shut 3、The pen writes smoothly 4、Cheese cuts easily 二、句型二、句型 2:Subject (主语主语) Link、V(系动词系动词) Predicate(表语表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态这样的词有:be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep 等如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious、这种食物吃起来很可口 2) He looked worried just now、刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化这类系动词有:become,turn,get,grow,go 等如: 1) Spring comes、It is getting warmer and warmer春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和 2) The tree has grown much taller than before这棵树比以前长得高多了 2 1、Mr、Brown is an engineer名词做表语) 2、Gradualy he became silent形容词做表语) 3、She remained standing for a hour现在分词做表语) 4、The question remained unsolved过去分词做表语) 5、The machine is out of order介词短语做表语) 6、The television was on副词做表语) 7、His plan is to keep the affair secret动词不定式做表语) 8、My job is repairing cars动名词做表语) 9、The question is what you want to do。
从句做表语,即:表语从句) 注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构 Im happy to meet you They are willing to help We are determined to follow his example 三、句型三、句型 3:Subject(主语主语) Verb (谓语谓语) Object (宾语宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或 从句等来充当例: 1) He took his bag and left名词) 他拿着书包离开了 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties代词) 当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游 4) I dont know what I should do next从句)我不知道下一步该干什么 1、Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语) 2、I cant express myself in English。
反身代词做宾语) 3、He smiled a strange smile同源宾语) 4、We cant afford to pay such a price不定式做宾语) 5、Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语) 6、I hope that I have said nothing to pain you从句做宾语,即:宾语从句) 注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所 以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法 四四、 句型句型 4: Subject(主语主语)Verb(谓语谓语)Indirect object(间接宾语间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语直接宾语) 这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担引导这类双宾语的常见动词有: buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send 等如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present。
她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物 2)he old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事 上述句子还可以表达为: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March 3 在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习遇时,要牢 记后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一 般表物这类句型有三种情况 第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为 to 引导的短语 1、He handed me a letter He handed a letter to me 2、She gave me her telephone number She gave her telephone number to me。
第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为 for 引导的短语 3、She sang us a folk song She sang a folk for us 4、She cooked us a delicious meal She cooked a delicious meal for us 第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当 5、Tell him Im out 6、Can you inform me where Miss Green lives? 五、句型五、句型 5:Subject(主语主语)Verb (动词动词)Object (宾语宾语)Complement(补语补语) 这种句型中的“宾语补语”统称为“复合宾语”宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy你应该让屋子保持干净整洁形容词) 2) We made him our monitor名词)我们选他当班长 3) His father told him not to play in the street。
不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩 常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,would like,order,force,allow 等 注意:动词 have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch 等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带 to如: 1) The boss made him do the work all day老板让他整天做那项工作 2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上 在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的, 宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语 这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语 1、He found his new job boring形容词做宾补) 2、They called their daughter Mary名词做宾补) 3、This placed her in a very difficult position。
介词短语做宾补) 4、We went to her house but found her out副词做宾补) 5、What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补) 6、We thought him to be an honest mantobe 做宾补) 7、He believed them to have discussed the problem不定式的完成式做宾补) 8、He believed her to be telling the truth不定式的进行式做宾补) 4 9、Did you notice him come in?(不带 to 的不定式做宾补) 10、I saw her chatting with Nancy现在分词做宾补) 11、He watched the piano carried upstairs过去分词做宾补) 注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用 it 做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面 在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句 1、He felt it his duty to mention this to her。
分析:it 是形式宾语,his duty 是宾语补足语,to mention this to her 是真正的宾语 2、I think it best that you should stay with us 分析:it 是形式宾语,best 是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us 。
