高考英语新题型“概要写作”课件.ppt

《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明》概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要满分25分）词数词数少于少于4040的和的和多余多余8080的，的，从从总分中减去总分中减去2 2分分1评分原则1 1、本题总分为、本题总分为2525分，按分，按5 5个档次给分个档次给分2 2、、评评分分时时，，先先根根据据所所写写概概要要的的内内容容和和语语言言初初步步确确定定其其所所属属档档次次，，然然后后以以该该档档次次的的要要求求来来衡衡量量、、确定或调整档次，最后给分确定或调整档次，最后给分3 3、词数少于、词数少于4040的和多于的和多于8080的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2 2分2 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： (1)(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)(3)上下文的连贯性；上下文的连贯性；(4)(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；对各要点表达的独立性情况；3Narration （记叙文）（记叙文）Exposition Exposition （说明文）（说明文）（说明文）（说明文）Forms of LiteratureArgumentation (议论文）议论文）4typeskey information记叙文记叙文narration人物人物+时间时间+地点地点+事件（起因事件（起因+发展发展+结果）结果）说明文说明文exposition描写某事物的性质功用。

即描写某事物的性质功用即“对象对象+性质功用性质功用+利好利好”；；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施即即“问题问题+解决方法解决方法”；；介绍某现象及其原因和结果即介绍某现象及其原因和结果即“现象现象+原因原因+结果结果”议论文议论文argumentation论点论点+论据论据(+结论结论)1. 确定文体确定文体 the types of the passage5Argumentation (议论文）议论文）TopicSupporting ideasConclusion6概要写作（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要 (Para 1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 7   (Para 2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.      (Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?      (Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.8There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtStep 1: Read①topic sentence:② structure③ supporting ideasFind out the topic sentence of each paragraphthink, believe, consider, regard, argue, support, be convinced that, in one’s opinion, from one’s point of viewYou may need to pay attention to some words like:9 Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. Examples of some European countries 10   (Para 3)  Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? 11   (Para 4)  Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.12Step 2: Make an outline Topic: There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirtsuppor-tingIdeas(Para 2 ) (Para 3) nowadays  (Para 4) In the 16th centurysince18th centuryPeople thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease…has no longer been regarded as…cleaning away dirt is good to health…encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system13 Step 3: Rewrite the sentences in other ways ①① There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.different, mixed, various反义转换opinions, views, ideas同义词替换同义词替换 ▲ People’s attitudes to dirt vary in different times. towards句型转换句型转换 ▲ People hold different opinions towards dirt over time. ▲ The attitudes to dirt is not always the same. 14② In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. Have a try!15 ② In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease. think: believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convinced….同义词替换同义词替换block out disease: prevent/protect/keep away … from illness; One possible version: ② In the 16th century, people believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. 16③…. dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.wash off, get rid ofbenefits, is beneficial to, does good to, contributes to…One possible version:③ People began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.17④ Nowadays, … encourages people to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune  system. ④ One possible version:Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.People are encouraged to…语态转换语态转换be exposed to..believe, support, agree, approve….18①① People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.② In the 16th century, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. ③ People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.④ Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.However,Nevertheless/But/however③ people Add two linking words to make the passage coherentStep 4: Make the summary coherent④ nowadays, 19Step 5: Revise( 67 words)People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. But nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.4 “C” : complete, correct, concise, coherent 20How to write a summary(argumentation)1.Read 2.Make an outline 3.Rewrite4. Make it coherent5. Revise6. neatly copy-Topic , structure, key supporting sentences21Homework Finish the summary writing of the following Passage22阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

词左右的内容概要     Getting  up  early  has  been  regarded  as  a  good  habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic(充充满满活活力力的的)  the  whole  day.  So,  getting  up early is of great importance to us all.    In  fact,  morning  is  the  best  time  of  a  day.  In  the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the  best  conditions(条条件件).  Many  of  us  may  have  the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.23         If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk  in  the  morning,  we  can  build  our  bodies  and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we  will  probably  have  to  do  everything  in  a  great hurry.    Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit(受益受益) a lot from it.24•Getting up early in the morning is a good habit and very important, because in the morning we can have a better memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day. In addition, morning exercise can help us keep healthy. So, it is beneficial to us.参考范文参考范文25•It is important to get up early for people.•In the morning, people can exercise their bodies through walking to keep healthy. Also, people’s memory will improve. Besides, people can make a good preparation/plan for themselves, so they will have enough time to do everything. In a word, getting up early is beneficial to us.参考范文参考范文26 Getting up early is a good habit. And we attach great importance to getting up early because morning is the most valuable time of a day, so we can have physical training to keep healthy. Besides, getting up early can let us have enough time to program and prepare to finish doing our work or study of the day. In a word, we will benefit a lot from getting up early.参考范文参考范文27      People attach great importance to getting up early.( (要要点点1)1)  It  enables  them  to  have  a  better  memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day.( (要要点点2) 2)  If  not,  people  will  be  busy  doing  everything.  So insist on getting up early which is of great benefit to all people.( (要点要点3)3)参考范文参考范文28。