2024年托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析.docx

2024年托福阅读说明文题材详细解析实例分析 托福阅读文章题材众多，而其中说明文是比较高频的一种文章题材下面我就和大家共享托福阅读说明文题材具体解析实例分析 ,希望能够帮助到大家，快来学习一下吧 托福阅读说明文题材具体解析实例分析 托福阅读说明文结构讲解 一般而言，托福阅读中的说明文会说明某个现象，文章的第一段是：介绍背景及引出下文;之后的主体段，结构也很清楚：主旨句Topic sentence + 说明句Explain + 举例子Examples + 总结句Summary 其实跟我们高考语文有异曲同工之妙下面来看实例解析： 官方真题Official-19 The Roman Army's Impact on Britain In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy. Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed, its presence was much more influential. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and organize government. 留下 these troops had a considerable impact on Britain;也就是第一句说的是罗马军队对英国有影响。

这句话相当于对题目的阐述，交代了文章的整个大背景 之后2～4句其实交代前提，起先详细的说开，要估算军队对平民的影响首先要了解一个事实：士兵不是平均分布的那既然不是平均分布，确定是有多有少的所以，第三句接着说了有些地方士兵少：很快融入帝国的区域;第四句说有些地方士兵多影响大：军队驻扎的地方第5～7句说回重点，也就是what，究竟有哪些影响：军营先要征地;然后会抢走当地领导参加政府的机会;之后社会发展受阻，人民不满而抗拒，最终军事镇压 首段的第一句话，虽然句子很长，但其实只须要抓住结构层次进行分析就能找到阅读重点 所以总共7句话的段落，分层三个层次，主旨句+前提说明+重点阐述事实上，段落第一句就完成了background+introduction双重目的：英国被罗马帝国折服+ 士兵的营地/防卫工事以及参加当地经济所造成的影响 Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. …… Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas. 其次段一起先就交代了经济交换的影响：强大的购买力，以及帮助修建基础设施。

Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. …… These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and trading populations. 第三段还是在讲经济：刚来的时候士兵有钱没地方花;最终军队驻扎地变成了小镇 The army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. …… By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength. 第四段起先讲另一个重大影响：当地人通过当兵获得可继承的罗马公民地位。

This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self-sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British. 第五段，做了个小总结，讲这种融合过程及当地招募促进了北部边疆的稳定。

通过上文实例讲解，信任大家对于托福阅读说明文的基本结构和解题思路也有了肯定了解之后大家在通过一些练习加深对说明文的相识和解题方法，以后面对这类高频阅读文章类型就能顺当解答确保得分了 托福阅读真题原题+题目 The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States contributed significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and naturalism. After the 1870's, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that had prevailed immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism. Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and accurate representation without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused on life in specific regions of the country, and emphasized the true relationships between people. In doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as industrialization, evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans, and the influence of science. Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South, Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains, and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame with stories that portrayed local life in the California mining camps. Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's most outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and skeptical eye. In his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own 。