2017年湖北普通专升本实用英语语法笔记.docx

湖北普通专升本网 2017 年湖北普通专升本实用英语语法笔记（十七）Chapter 18. 名词性从句一、概念：在句中起名词作用的句子称名词性从句名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句1、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词：when, where, how, why2、不可省略的连词：①介词后的连词②引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

例如：That she was chosen made us very happy. 她被选上了,我们很高兴We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到消息说我们队赢了注：比较：whether 与 if均为"是否"的意思但在下列情况下,whether 不能被 if 取代：①whether 引导主语从句并在句首②引导表语从句③whether 从句作介词宾语④从句后有"or not" 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it 充当形式主语例如：It is not important who will go. 谁去,这不重要It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底谁赢呢,形势尚不明朗3、名词性 that-从句①由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句That 只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义名词性 that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.　 他还活着全靠运气。

宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.　约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴②That-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词,而将 that-从句置于句末例如： 湖北普通专升本网 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.　很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

It's a pity that you should have to leave.　你非走不可真是件憾事用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：搭配关系 举例It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that…；It is important that…；It is obvious that…　It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that…；It is known to all that…；It has been decided that…It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that…；It is a surprise that…；It is a fact that…It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that…；It happens that…；It occurred to me that…4、名词性 wh-从句 ①由 wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性 wh-从句Wh-词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词。

Wh-从句的语法功能除了和 that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等例如：主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.书销售如何取决于作者本人直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以随心所欲间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.获胜者俱乐部将颁奖表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字同位语：I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么时候回来形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。

②Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词 it 做形式主语,而将 wh-从句置于句末例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明5、if, whether 引导的名词从句 ①yes-no 型疑问从句从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为 yes-no 型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和 wh-从句的功能相同例如： 湖北普通专升本网 主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期②选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词 if/whether…or 或 whethe…or not 构成例如：Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

I don't care whether you like the plan or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划二、相关知识点精讲：1、主语从句：主语从句在整个句子中作主语⑴不同于其它的连词,它不充当句子的成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常不可以省略分句置于句首时,that 绝对不可以省略例如：That the driver could not control his war was obvious./It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.⑵if 不能用在主语从句中,而是用 whether例如：Whether he left (or not) is unknown.⑶当主语从句作主语时,谓语动词需根据从句而定,一般用第三人称单数What we need is more time and money./What we need are many more books.2、表语从句：表语从句出现在系动词后,充当表语例如：The trouble is that we are short of money./Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.⑴引导表语从句除了上述三类词外还有 because, as if/ as though 等,例如：The reason (why/for which…..) is that …、 It/This/That is because…。

⑵连系动词“appear, look, seem”的两个常用句型：It seems/appears that…/It looks/seems as if/as though……(与事实相符用陈述语气,与事实相反用虚拟语气)注：将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面例如：It doesn't ap。