四级写作常用词汇和句型.doc

常用的对照关联词1) 先后次序关系：first; second; at last; next；previously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with； to start with；to end with；finally ；since then；first of all；afterwards.2) 因果关系：because；because of this；since；as；for ；owing to；due to；for the reason that...；another important factor／reason of... ； in view of 考虑到； for this reason; as a result；as a result of this；therefore；consequently；thus；hence；so ；so that...；in consequence；as a consequence；under these conditions.3) 转折关系：but；even so；however；though；even though；despite that；in spite of that；regardless of; yet... ； 4) 并列关系： and; also； too；as well as；either... ，or... ； both...and... 5) (补充)递进关系：furthermore；moreover；In this way ；not only...but also...；not...but...；in addition (to)；additionally, next, besides；as far as... is concerned ；in other words；on the one hand...，on the other hand...；as a poplar saying goes...；at the same time；meanwhile；in the first place...，in the second place...; 6) 比较关系： similarly; in comparison with；when compared with；compared with； similarly important；apart from；... rather than...，by doing so ；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also). 7) 对照 (不同点 )：yet; still; for all of that; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; yet; unlike；in contrast (to)；on the contrary；different from this；as opposed to this8) 用以举例的过渡词：for example, as another example, for instance, thus, such as, like, to illustrate take…as an example9) 用以表示总结的过渡词to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in short，in a word，in the long run， hence, in summary，therefore常用句型1.开头（1）1. Recently, the problem of … has aroused people’s concern. (arise, arose, arisen)最近,…问题已引起人们的关注. (social security)2. Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 互联网已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题. 3. Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今,(人口过剩) 已成为我们不得不面对的问题了. 4. It is commonly /generally believed that… / It is a common belief that… 人们一般认为… 5. Many people insist that… 很多人坚持认为… 6. With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that… (with the help/assistance of sb.)随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为… 7. A lot of people seem to think that… (It seems to many people that…)2.引出不同观点:People’s views on… vary from person to person. Some hold that… . However, others believe that…. 人们对…的观点因人而异.有些人认为…然而其他人却认为..People may have different opinions on… 人们对…可能会有不同的见解. Attitudes towards (drug-abuse) vary from person to person. 人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异. There are different opinions among people as to… 关于…. 人们的观点大不相同. Different people hold different attitudes towards (failure).对(失败 )人们的态度各不相同. 3.结尾 ending Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that… (draw a conclusion)把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论… Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that… 考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论… Hence/Therefore, we’d better come to the conclusion that… 因此,我们最好得出这样的结论… There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its shortcomings as well as merits. (advantages, disadvantages)毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点. All in all, we cannot live without… But at the same time we must try to find new ways to cope with the problems that would arise. deal with/ solve/ settle, seek, in one word总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题. 4.提出建议(1)It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). 该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了. It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of … 该是采纳…的建议,并对…的进展给予特殊重视的时了.There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of … 毫无疑问,对…问题应予以足够的重视. Obviously,…. If we want to do something… , it is essential that… clearly, apparently, vital, advisable显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是… Only in this way can we… 只有这样,我们才能… 倒装It must be realized/pointed out that… 我们必须意识到/指出…5.预示后果: Obviously, if we don’t control the problem, there are chances that will lead us in danger. 很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险. No doubt, unless we take effectivemeasures it is very likely that…(undoubtedly)毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会… It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation. (prevent)很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展. 6.论证 (1)From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. In my opinion, it seems to me that…在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that…我无法完全同意这一观点…. Personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言,我站在…的一边. I sincerely believe that… 我真诚地相信… In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do…. 在我个人看来,做…比做…更明智. Finally, to be frank, there is also a more practical reason why… 7.给出原因:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, … 这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先, … 第二There are many reasons that can account for this phenomenon. Why did… ? For one thing… For another…. Perhaps the……When asked about…, the vast/ majority of/most/many/quite a few people say/think/believe/answer 。