2023考研英语阅读真题-大型水坝建造.docx

　　Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.　　The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn′t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assertthemselves. Egypt′s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey′s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.　　But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.　　And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.　　Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even more wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed　　Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don’t need a dam to be saved.　　译文　　在重大技术所创建的东西中，很少有能像大型水坝这样能体现人的想象力的。

或许是因为人类长期遭遇洪涝和干旱的攻击，使得人类制服洪水的愿望更加令人兴奋不已但是令人着迷，有时也会使人盲目有些巨型大坝的项目就有着弊大于利的危急　　建立大坝的教训是：大的并不确定总是美的但是这无法阻挡想要修建高大宏伟的大坝来显示那些力争得到自我确定的国家和人民当作宏大成就的象征埃及在阿拉伯世界的领导地位由建立阿斯旺大坝而巩固土耳其为了力争成为世界一流的国家，也包括修建了巨大的阿塔特克大坝　　但是大坝并没有如预期的那样发挥作用例如阿斯旺大坝，它阻挡了尼罗河洪水的泛滥，但也使得埃及失去了洪水离去后所留下的肥沃土壤——换回来的是一个疾病滋生的大水库现在整个水库填满了淤泥，几乎不能发电　　然而限制水的不切实际的想法仍在接着本周，在文明的欧洲中心，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人为了多瑙河上的一处水坝引发争端，几乎差点动用了军队这个大型的工程可能会出现全部大坝上的常见问题但斯洛伐克正在力图从捷克脱离而独立，现在它须要建一个大坝来证明自己的实力　　与此同时，在印度，世界银行已经贷款来建立问题繁多的纳尔黙达大坝尽管世界银行的顾问指出，该大坝将给百姓带来苦难，并且也会破坏周边的环境，但银行已经这样实行了这些利益归有权势者全部，但是这种利益也是没有保障的。

　　对于水坝的影响以及水坝治水的成本和收益进行正确而科学的探讨，能够有效地解决这些冲突即使不兴建大型水坝，水利发电、治理洪水以及浇灌也是可能的，不确定非得建大坝但是当你面对那些不切实际的神话时，你就很难做到合理和科学了现在该是世界吸取阿斯旺大坝教训的时候了我们未必非要通过大坝来挽救自己　　词汇　　assert vt. 主见, 坚称, 断言　　例句：You must assert yourself or they will continue to bully you. 你必需维护自己的权利，否则他们还会欺压你　　词组：assert oneself 坚持自己的权利; 表现自己的权威　　同义词：affirm declare insist on pronounce state　　Advisor n. 顾问, 劝说者, 指导老师　　例句：His amiability condemns him to being a constant advisor to other people's troubles.他那亲善可亲的性格使他成为常常为他人排忧解难的开导者　　bidding n. 吩咐, 邀请, 出价　　例句：He was bidding他在设法争取大众的支持。

for popular support.　　词组：at one's bidding/at sb.'s bidding 依嘱,遵命do one's bidding/do sb.'s bidding 照……的吩咐做, 照……的话办　　barely ad. 几乎不　　例句：He has barely enough money to live on. 他的钱仅够牵强维持生计　　词组：barely enough牵强够be barely of age刚成年a barely furnished room陈设简陋的房间　　同义词：hardly just scarcely　　capture n. 抓取, 战利品, 捕获之物vt. 抓取, 获得, 迷住　　例句：They would offer a bounty of $100,000 for the capture of the murderer. 他们愿出十万元赏金捉拿凶手　　同义词：apprehend arrest imprison seize　　反义词：release　　civilized a. 文明的, 有礼的　　例句：His new theory has caused a sensation throughout the civilized world. 他的新理论轰动了整个文明世界。

　　反义词：barbarous; uncivilized; wild　　dam n. 水坝, 障碍vt. 限制, 筑坝vi. 限制, 筑坝　　例句：The mouth of the river is dammed and a freshwater lake created behind the dam.河口筑起了拦河坝，坝后便形成了淡水湖　　词组：devil's dam 鬼婆娘(骂妇女的话)　　deprived a. 穷困的, 丢失了受良好教化权利的, 贫困的　　例句：These misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason. 这些不幸的事情几乎使他失去理智　　词组：deprived children失学的孩子们　　drought n. 干旱, 缺乏　　例句：Soon afterward drought不久之后又发生了干早 set in.　　反义词：wet　　environmental a. 四周的, 环境的　　派生：environment n. 四周环境. environmentalist n. 环境爱护者　　例句：Living creatures must be adaptable to environmental change. 生物必需能适应环境的改变。

　　词组：an environmental factor环境的因素　　fascination n. 令人着迷的事物, 入迷, 魅力　　例句：Old churches have a certain strange fascination for me. 旧教堂对我具有某种奇妙的魅力　　guarantee n. 担保, 抵押品, 保证书vt. 保证, 担保　　例句：Blue skies are not always a guarantee of fine weather. 蔚兰的天空并不恒久保证晴朗的天气　　词组：stand guarantee for ... 替……担当保证人　　同义词：assure back certify endorse pledge promise secure sponsor stand for swear underwrite warrant　　反义词：guarantor　　hydroelectric a. 水力电气的　　词组：a hydroelectric power station水力发电站　　Imagination n. 想像, 听觉, 想像力　　例句：Dragons are creatures of Chinese fancy. 龙是中国人幻想出来的动物。

　　词组：beyond(all) imagination (完全。