(完整版)高中现在完成时及其练习.doc

表格式现在完成时的时态和语态 现在完成时特点要点内容现在完成时概念过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 现在完成时标志语already, yet, just, before，so far,for+一段时间,since+过去时间（two years ago）或者一般过去时态的从句recently, in the past few years“在过去的几年里” in the last few years “在最后几年里，still, lately, often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion “偶尔”， now, this morningup to （直到）these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year，today, up to present（now）“到现在为止谓语动词的时态构成have/has (主语是三单)+ done谓语动词语态构成形式have/has +been + done温馨提示（重要考点）1.现在完成时不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。

如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等 2.现在完成时常见的几种句型： ①主语＋have / has been＋for短语 ② It is＋一段时间＋since从句 (过去时)It has been＋一段时间＋ since从句 (过去时)It is＋一段时间＋that从句 (现在完成时)This／That isthe first(second,third.....)time +现在完成时的句子温馨提示：过去分词规则的和一般过去时态的动词变化规则一样，动词结尾+ed不规则的要逐个记忆 不规则：go-went（过去式）---gone（过去分词）如规则的: play---played（过去式）--played（过去分词） The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. is\am fly begin are play go drink work make pass does dance worry ask taste eat draw put 一 、详解现在完成时的常见的标志语和词组，特殊结构的用法1. 九个重点标志语的用法①already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?③ever曾经 句中 Have you ever seen pandas?④never从不 句中 I have never been to Beijing.⑤just刚刚 句中 I have just done my work.⑥before以前 句尾 I have never been there before. ⑦so far到目前为止 So far he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久 How long have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次 How many times has he been to Beijing?2、三词组用法区别： （1）havegone to“去了某地” ,主语不在说话现场，通过“Where is Tom”,或者“My father isn’t in／at home.”来体现。

Is your father in? No, he has gone to Beijing (去了北京) （2）havebeen to“去过某地”， 通过already, yet, just, before，ever, never,once， twice, 数字+次数times标志语来体现He has been to Beijing twice （他曾去过北京两次)（3）havebeen in “去了某地多久” +for+时间段(标志语) He has been in Beijing for ten years.（4）havegone to／havebeen to ／havebeen in 后面接here，there，home要省去to，in He has been here for two hours.3、两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.二 、 现在完成时的四个基本句型：（1）.肯定句：主语+ has(主语是第三人称单数)或者have+动词的过去分词+其他的。

Mary has been ill for three days. You have talked.They （I）have already finished their homework..(2).否定句：主语+hasn’t(haven’t)+动词的过去分词+其他的He hasn’t returned from abroad You haven’t talked.(3).一般疑问句：Has(Have)+主语+动词的过去分词+其他的？Has Peter written six papers so far? Have you talked?(4).特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？How long has Thomas studied Russian?三．现在完成时态中的延续性动词和非延续性动词1.延续性动词和非延续性动的区别：（1）延续性动词定义：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响，可以和for+时间段，since+过去时间连接如：learn\ work\ stand\ lie\ know\ walk\ keep\ have\ wait\ watch\ sing\ read\ sleep\ live（2）非延续性动词：也叫终止性动词或者瞬间动词，一次性动词。

表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去如：leave\ start\ set out\ arrive\ reach\ get to\ begin\ stop\ shut\ turn off\ marry\ put\ put on\ get up\ wake\ fall\ join\ meet\ receive\finish\ end\ complete\ become\ come\ go\ die\ open\ close\ break\ give\ jump\ buy\ borrow2.常见的短暂性动词分类（非延续性动词）：（1）方向性动词：come ，go， /arrive/get to/reach ，move，leave，open，close ， join buy /catch， borrow,lend ，get up，become，fall in（2）开始结束性动词：start，begin，finish，end，die break， marry，lose （3）结果性动词：hear，see,find(温馨提示：结果性动词不用进行态，不和延续性时间连用)3.延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法：表示短暂意义的动词（非延续性动词），可以用完成时，但是不和for+时间段，since+过去时间，可转换成表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词来表示相同的意思。

因为for+时间段，since+过去时间是一段时间状语，属于延续性时间，要和延续性动词连用）可以说He has arrived here. 不能说：He has arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago .)可以说：He has been here for ten minutesHe has been here since ten minutes ago. ) It is ten minutes since he arrived here. 可以说： He hasn’t arrived here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago ). Has he been here for ten minutes (since ten minutes ago )?He has died two years ago.(用since或者for改写句子) He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种： ① He has bought the book.. (去掉一段时间for 3 years) ② He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) ③ It’s 3 years since he bou。