发音教学---48个国际音标.ppt

外语系 岳宝华1.什么是国际音标？由于英语的拼写形式和读音有很大的 分歧, 所以无法完全根据字母来读音为了精确地学习和掌握语音, 就要借 助一种注音手段来弥补这一缺陷, 于是便 产生了一定数量的精确记录语音的符号 ，叫做“音符”(Phonetic symbols)国际音标（旧称万国音符）是国际 语音学协会（IPA --- International Phonetic Association) 于1888年拟定的一 套为各国语言注音的语音符号我们这里所 说的国际音标是专门为英语注音的那一部分 标音符号目前我国通用的国际音标共有48 个, 其中, 元音音标20个，辅音音标28个英语元音 (English vowels) 英语元音音素共 20个分单元音 和双元音两大类 a. 前元音：/ i: /, / i /, / e /, / æ / b. 后元音：/ ɑ:/, / ɔ /, / ɔ:/, / u /, / u: /, /Λ/ c. 中元音： / ә: /, / ә /a. 合口双元音：/ ei /, / әu /, / ai /, / au /, / ɔ i/b. 集中双元音：/ i ә /, / εә /, / uә /单元音的分类双元音的分类a.爆破音 / p /, / b /, / t／, / d /, / k /, / ɡ / b.摩擦音 / f /，/ v /，/θ/，/ ð /，/ s /，/ z / , /￿￿ /，/￿￿ /，/ h /, / r / c.破擦音 / t∫/，/dӡ /，/tr/， /dr/，/ts/，/dz/ d.鼻音 /m/ , /n/, /ŋ/ e.旁流音（舌侧音） / l / f.半元音 / w /, / j /英语辅音 (English consonants) (共28个 ）前元音•/i:/ •feel •heat 热 •leap 跳 •/ æ / •bad •land •Dad •map •hat•/i/ •fill •hit •lip 嘴唇 •/e/ •bed •lend •dead •met •head前元音练习bee billbee billdeep digdeep digtask testtask testGive me a beefsteak, peas ,and beer, please.Give me a beefsteak, peas ,and beer, please. Catch that mad black cat． Better late than never.(迟做总比不做好) Better to do well than to say well .(口说不如实干)A friend in need is a friend indeedA friend in need is a friend indeed（患难之交才是真（患难之交才是真 朋友）朋友）后元音•/ ɔ:/ •all •fall •hall •/u:/ •goose 鹅 •food •loose 松的 •/ ɑ:/ •calm•/ ɔ / •boss •fox •hot •/u/ •good •foot •look •/Λ/ •come•A large army marched past the farmyard． •It’s hard to see any stars in the dark sky． •The clock is stopped , it’s not long． •Lost time is never found again． •Who said the soup was too cool? •As a rule , the skies are blue in June ． •He looks like a good cook． •I took my book and looked at it as long as I could．中元音/ ә: / / ә /•earth •search •bird •church•another •order •method •doctorMy younger brother is a doctor． Give me some butter and sugar． We will have a get-together after supper．双元音/ei/ /e/ •age •late •pain •fail•edge •let •pen •fill双元音/ai/ /ɔi/•bike •mine •height•boy •coin •noise •voice双元音 / ә u/ /au/•coal •pose •loan 贷款 •bowl 碗•doubt •found •noun爆破辅音•/p/ •pea •/t/ •tear •/k/ •class•/b/ •bee •/d/ •dear •/g/ •glassGood, better, best， 循序渐进 Never let it rest， 永不停止 Until good is better, 好上加好 And better best ， 精益求精摩擦辅音 /f/ /v/•fast •few •leaf •proof •safe •surf•vast 巨大的 •view •leave •prove •save •serveHe works hard as if he never knew fatigue.It is very difficult for us to finish it before five.摩擦辅音/s/ /z/•bus •ice •loose •race •used•buzz 蜂音 •eyes •lose •raise •used摩擦辅音 / θ / / ð /•thank •theme •thick •bath •breath •cloth•than •these •this •bathe •breathe •clothe/ θ / /s/•thin •thing •faith •mouth •/ ð / •breathe •clothe •seethe 沸腾•sin •sing •face •mouse •/z/ •breeze 微风 •close •seize/ θ / /t/•thank •thought •/ ð / •there •they •those •/ θ / •three•tank •taught •/d/ •dare •day •doze 打瞌睡 •/f/ •free•A thousand thanks. •Cathy has three brothers. •Mr. Smith talked about this, that and the other. •There is something. •They have been there for more than three months.摩擦辅音/ ∫ / /ӡ /•cash •fish •ship •shoe•leisure 闲暇 •measure 测量 •pleasure •vision 视觉Measure for measure.以牙还牙She sells sea shells on the seashore.她在海边捡贝壳。

摩擦辅音 •/h/ •hard •he •house •who •hi •hello•/r/ •red •road •write •wrong破擦辅音 /ts/ /dz/•carts •rates •Seats •/ t∫/ •cheep •choke 闷塞 •larch 落叶松 •rich•cards •raids •Seeds •/dӡ / •jeep •joke •large •ridge 脊破擦辅音/tr/ /dr/•track •tree •truck •try•drag •dream •drug •dryNever trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.麻烦不找你，就别自找麻烦鼻辅音/m/ /n/ / ŋ /•dim 朦胧的 din 喧闹 ding 唠叨 •seem seen seeing •sum sun sung •whim 怪想 win wing舌边辅音/l/•/l/ /n/ /r/ •lead need read •light night right半元音/w/ /j/•warm young •well yard •while yield •where there is a will, there is a way. •有志者，事竟成。

•you still look young, year after year. •一年一年过去了，你看起来还那么年轻演讲稿的写法• 七个阶段的准备 • • 一、决定话题和目的 • 二、分析听众和场合 • 三、满足听众的本能欲求 • 四、收集材料 • 五、编制提纲 • 六、练习词语 • 七、练习篇章•一、演说者和听众分析 • 1、 演说的成败，首先决定于演说者的良好心 理素质和充分准备必须克服羞怯、拘谨、冷谈 、自卑，做到勇敢、轻松、亲切、自信任何演 讲都必须有满腔热情和必胜的信心 • 2、 在演讲前对听众的人数、年纪、性别、教 育程度、有关话题的、关注焦点和愿望、固定的 态度和信仰等要进行调查，做到有的放矢，才可 能收到理想的效果 • 3、在演说过程中，必须目视听众，必须察言 观色，注意听众情绪反应做适当的点整•二、确定目的和选择话题 • 1、目的 • 要么让人快乐；要么给人知识；要么让人行动；社交 是联络感情，鉴赏目的是让人快乐、让人感动可概括三 大主要目的:知行目的，人际目的，语篇目的。

• 2、话题 • 要令人亲近、关注，因此要具有社会性，特别要关注 社会的热点 • 要明确、集中、正确、易懂，要有一定得形象性 • 要具有针对性，针对某种意见做辩答，或解决某个要 解决问题，或针对某些人思想情绪•三、文字口语化，语言的节奏感 • 演讲的声音。