初级英文文法 ⅱ.doc

初级英文文法 ⅡUnit 1比较1.比较变化2.形容词的比较级3.形容词的最高级4.副词的比较级、最高级Unit 2不定词 (to V) 不定词Unit 3动名词动名词Unit 4分词分词Unit 5形容词形容词Unit 6副词副词Unit 7动词动词Unit 1比较比较变化为了表示性质、程度等差异，形容词在字形上所做的变化，称为比较比较分为原级、比较级、最高级1)规则变化变化 级原级比较级最高级1.原级+er, estshortshortershortest 2.原级字尾有 e+r, stnicenicernicest 3.原级为短母音+子音→重复字尾+er, esthothotterhottest 4.原级字尾为子音+y→去 y+ier, iesteasyeasiereasiest 5.两音节以上的形容词→more, most+原 级beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级 bad (坏的) ill (生病)worseworstgood (好的) well (健康)betterbestmany (指可数的) much (指不可数的)moremostlittle (少的)lessleastfar (远的)farther furtherfarthest (表距离) furthest (表程度，数量，距离)late (晚的；迟的)later latterlatest (表时间) last (表顺序)old (老的；旧的)older elderoldest (表年纪；新旧) eldest (表长幼) 例：l. He was happy in his later life. (他晚年很快乐。

)2. As for French and German, the latter is more difficult for me than the former.(就法文和德文而言，我觉得后者比前者难)形容词的比较级(1)比较级… than… 例：1. Your article is longer than mine. (你的文章比我长)2. Mary is more beautiful than she/her. (口语) (玛丽比她漂亮)(2)the+比较级…of the two…例：1. Kevin is the older of the two boys. (Kevin 是两位男孩中年纪较大的)2. Jack is the more active of the twins. (Jack 是这对双胞胎中较活跃的)(3)修饰比较级much, a lot, far+比较级→…得多了even+比较级→…更加a little+比较→…一点例：1. He is much busier than I. (他比我忙碌得多了)2. This is a little cheaper than that. (这个比那个便宜一点。

)3. The price of the blue pants is far higher than that of the green pants. (蓝裤子的价格比绿裤子的价格高得多)4. The weather in Kaohsiung is far hotter than that in Taipei. =The weather is far hotter in Kaohsiung than in Taipei. (高雄的天气比台北的天气更加炎热)注意：比较时，若主题相同或语意上清楚明白时，than 以下部分可省略例：They live a more pleasant life than (they did) before. (他们现在比以前过着更愉快的生活)(4)比较级…to…junior (年幼的)、senior (年长的)、major (大的)、minor (小的)等形容词，在表示比较的对象时，不用 than 而用 to例：She is two years older than I / me. =She is senior to me by two years. (她比我大 2 岁。

)(5)比较级的惯用表现a.比较级 and 比较级 越来越……例：The story became more and more interesting. (这故事变得越来越有趣)b.the 比较，the 比较级 越……越……例：l. The more, the better. (越多越好)2. The more we get, the happier we'll be. (我们得到越多就越快乐)c.more than 超过less than 少于例：The man is more than / over eighty years old. (这个人超过 80 岁)形容词的最高级(l)~the 最高级+名词+ 地点 / of the three… / of all例：1. Helen is the best student of all. (海伦是所有学生中最好的)2. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. (圣母峰是世界上最高的山)(2)原级、比较级、最高级互换例：1. Taipei is the biggest city in Taiwan. (台北是台湾最大的城市。

)=Taipei is bigger than any other city in Taiwan.=Taipei is bigger than all the other cities in Taiwan.=No other city in Taiwan is bigger than Taipei.=No other cities in Taiwan are as big as Taipei. 注意：加 other (其它的)，其功用为避免和本身做比较2. New York is bigger than any other city in America. (纽约比美国任何其它城市大)=New York is bigger than any city in Taiwan. (纽约比台湾任何城巿大)(3)as 原级 as →像…一样例：1. This jacket is as expensive as this sweater. (这件夹克和这件毛衣一样贵)2. Your hair is as long as mine. (你的头发和我的一样长)注意：否定句时，也可用 not so / as ~ as.. 例：This question is not as / so, difficult as it seems. (这问题并不像表面上的那么困难。

)副词的比较级、最高级比较变化a. 规则变化→和形容词一样，由字形的变化而来原级比较级最高级 副词字尾无 ly→加 er, estfastfasterfastest 副词字尾有 ly→加 more, most+副词quicklymore quicklymost quickly b. 不规则变化原级比较级最高级 badly (坏) ill (不好)worseworstwell (好)betterbest much (多)moremost little (少)lessleastfar (远)farther furtherfarthest (表距离) furthest (表程度)◎副词的比较级+than例：l. He can sing better than Lisa. (他可以唱的比莉萨好)2. I study harder than my friends. (我比我的朋友们更努力)◎the 副词的最高级+地点/ of the three→副词的最高级，the 可以省略例：l. My father gets up (the) earliest of us all. (我父亲是我们之中最早起的。

)2. Cathy dances (the) most beautifully. (卡西是跳舞跳得最美的)注意：形容词和副词的不同例：Tom is the fastest boy of all. →形容词的最高级，the 不可省略汤姆是所有男孩中最快的)Tom runs (the) fastest of all. →副词的最高级，the 可以省略汤姆是所有男孩中跑得最快的)◎疑问词+比较例：l. Which fruit do you like better, apples or oranges? (你比较喜欢哪一种水果，苹果或是柳橙？)2. Which do you like (the) best, apples, oranges or peaches? (苹果、柳橙和桃子，你最喜欢哪一种？)注意：两者之间用比较级；三者 (或以上)用最高级Unit 2不定词不定词(to+原形动词)，其身份不再是动词它在句中扮演名词、形容词及副词的功能to V1. 名词用法→当主词、受词、补语例：To buy things in a flea market must be fun. (在跳蚤市场买东西一定很好玩。

)2. 形容词用法→修饰名词例：I have a lot of things to buy. (我有很多东西要买) 3. 副词用法→表目的、原因等例：I went there to buy notebooks. (我去那里买笔记本)不定词的名词用法◎不定词当主词主词动词 The workisfun. To travel around the worldisfun. 例：l. To answer this question is difficult for me. (对我而言回答这个问题是困难的)注意：不定词放句首当主词时，视为一件事，其后须接单数动词2. To solve pollution problems is difficult for people in Taiwan. →It is difficult for people in Taiwan to solve pollution problems.(对台湾民众而言，要解决污染问题是困难的)注意：不定词为首的主词，可用 it (假主词)代替，再将此事件放置在后说明3. To be patient with others is best for you. (你对别人有耐心是最好的。

)→It is best for you to be patient with others. ※句型：It’s +形容词 (修饰事物)+for +人+ to +原形动词…It's +形容词 (修饰人)+of+人+ to +原形动词…修饰“人“的形容词：good, nice, kind, brave, clever, careless, honest, bad, stupid, silly, selfish, polite…等例：1. It's kind of you to help me. (你真好帮我的忙)2. It's stupid of him to speak ill of others. (他说别人坏话是愚蠢的)'◎不定词当受词主词动词受词 Ilikebaseball. Iliketo play baseball. 例：1. I decided to quit the job. (我决定辞掉工作)2. He hoped to be there on time. (他希望准时到那里)注意：有些动词，如 decide，hope，want，expect，volunteer 等，必用不定词当受词。

3. I want / would like to see a movie w。