高三英语名词复习普通班.ppt

高中英语语法总高中英语语法总复习复习（（一一））名词名词一、名词名词专有名词普通名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词(可数名词)(不可数名词)类别 意义 例词 专有名词 表示人，地方，组织机构或事物等专有的名称 the Changjiang River长江, Maria 玛利亚,WHO世界卫生组织 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示个别人或事物的名称 apple苹果 pencil 铅笔doctor 医生lawyer律师集体名词 表示若干人或事物的总称 people人民 family 家人audience 听众team队不可数名词 物质名词 表示物质或材料的名词 air 空气sand 沙子wind风抽象名词 表示性质，行为或情感等抽象概念的名词 peace和平 confidence 信心anger生气 freedom自由 一 名词的分类指出下列名词（划线部分）在句中所作句子成分，并思考名词的用法与前后语境1. Tom is a worker. 2.The Children's Palace is near Jane's home. 3. She gave me some good advice.4.He didn't go there because of his illness.5. We made Tom our monitor.6.We students should study hard.7.The author's name is on the cover of the book. 8. This book is of great use .主语表语主语动词的宾语介词的宾语宾语补足语主语同位语介词的宾语主语介词的宾语•用法归纳•1.用法：名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、___、动词的___、介词的宾语、___、___•2语境：名词通常在冠词(如a worker)、___(如his illness), ___ (如This book ), 名词所有格(The author's name)，及some,any,many,a lot of 等限定语后。

表语宾语宾语补足语同位语物主代词指示代词•不可数名词•一般地说， 物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的， 因此没有复数形式， 一般也不用a,an 下列名词常用做不可数名词：•advice建议（但suggestion可数），bread 面包，cash 现金，clothing 衣物，equipment 设备，fun 玩笑，furniture 家具，harm 伤害，information 信息，knowledge 知识，luck 运气，living 生活，machinery 机械，money 钱，news 消息，paper 纸，permission 准许，progress 进步，courage 勇气，traffic 交通，travel 旅行，trouble 麻烦，weather 天气，work 工作，milk 牛奶 ，water水，sand 沙子等（一）可数名词（一）可数名词 1. 可数名词表示复数时，可以跟 few, a few, many, a great / good many, a large number of 等连用 2. 不可数名词只能和 little, a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of, a large quantity of 等连用。

3. 两类名词均可以跟 a lot of, lots of, plenty of 连用（二）名词的数（二）名词的数1、规则变化① 加～s：books ② 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的可数名词 加～es： buses，brushes, branches ③ 变f，fe改为v再加～es： • knife—knives， leaf—leaves half---halves　　• 读读 /vz/　　 leaf---leaves wolf---wolves • life---lives　　 thief---thieves 特殊 roof(s)屋顶,chief(s)酋长,gulf(s)海湾,cliff(s)悬崖, proof(s)证据, belief(s)信仰, hoof(s)蹄子,safe(s)保险箱一个首领一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾在海湾(gulf)的悬崖的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱上面有个保险箱(safe)。

④ 以辅音加o结尾加es；元音加0结尾加s tomatoes， potatoes， radios 特殊Photo(s)照片,piano(s)钢琴,tobacco(s)烟草,Eshimo(s)爱斯基摩人 ⑤ 变辅音加y结尾把y改为i再加～es；元音加y结尾直接加s city—cities boy—boys(不变)2、不规则变化 ① 改变元音： foot—feet， tooth—teeth man—men Frenchman—Frenchmen法国人; mouse—mice老鼠; goose—geese鹅; ② 词尾变化： child-children，ox-oxen ③ 单复数同形：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish, means (手段) ④ 形式上是复数，意义上是单数： physics, politics, news, the United States, the United Nations ⑤ 形式上是单数，意义上是复数：people， youth， police， cattle ⑥ 只有复数形式：shoes， trousers， glasses， thanks，ashes， clothes，goods ⑦ 有些名词既可以作复数,也可以作单数： family， team，group，class，army，crowd…… (注：此类名词作为整体看为单数，作各个成员看为复数。

) Our class is big. (看作整体)Our class are from different countries. (看作成员)⑧ 由the＋形容词表一类人时为复数 the young， the old，the poor， the rich⑨ 有些名词，由单数变复数意义不同 water 水—waters 水域 air 空气—airs 气派 wood 木材—woods 树林 glass 玻璃—glasses 眼镜 paper 纸—papers 文件 arm 手臂—arms 武器 good 好处—goods 货物 fish 鱼—fishes 多种鱼 fruit 水果—fruits 多种水果 hair 全部头发—hairs 几根头发（三）名词的所有格（三）名词的所有格 1、表示有生命的东西的名词所有格 ① 单数名词加-’s： the girl’s book ② 以s结尾的复数名词只加 ’：the students’ book ③ 不以s结尾的复数名词要加-’s： the Children’s Hospital ④ 并列的名词各自均属所有格时，在各名词词尾 逐一加-’s： John’s and Mary’s books 但为两者所共有的，只需在后一个名词词尾加-’s： John and Mary’s books2、表示无生命的东西的名词，常用“of ＋ 名词”结构表示 the gate of the school the windows of my room3、有些表示时间、距离、长度、价格、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词，也可用 -’s 构成所有格。

ten days’ holiday five miles’ walk today’s newspaper China’s industry， Beijing’s Streets 另外，表示某人的家，某个职业的店铺等的名词也可加-’s，如 go to the tailor’s (shop) meet at Bob’s go to the doctor’s / the barber’s4、当 a(an), this, that, these, some, any, no等 词与所有格名词修饰同一名词时，采用双重 所有格形式 That’s no business of yours. Here are two pictures of John’s. •注：“of ＋抽象名词 ” ---- 相当于一个形容词 eg. 1) It’s a matter of importance. --- It’s very important. 2) The book is of great value. --- The book is valuable. 3) It’s of great help. --- It’s helpful. •Practice名词的句法功能判断名词功能 举例 Bush was elected president. Smoking is my only weakness. I have read that book. We chose Tom monitor.Steam engine used to be the most advanced transportation for a time, Mr.Lee, the professor of biology, will come to give us a speech,主语表语宾语宾补定语同位语灵活运用1 The exciting result filled us with_____ (proud)2.Mary's dress is similar in appearance to her elder ___ (sister)3.The success of our experiment is a great _____ ( satisfy) to us all.4.He has never shown much ______ (consider) for his wife's feelings.5.His _____ (fortunate) gave him great help in the exams.6.Dr Smith is going to pull out one of my ______ (tooth).7.He gained his _____ (wealthy) by printing ____ (work) of famous writers.8.I don't like the ____ in which you laugh at her.9.This book is of great _____(useful).pridesister’ssatisfactionconsiderationfortuneteethwealthworkswayuse• Some years ago, SARS broke out in the mainland of China, causing some people to be killed or nearly got close to ___ (die). The most important thing for the ____ (govern) to do is to find out the cause of this deadly_____ (ill). They invited all the most experts in this field to discuss and quite a few_____ (suggest) were put forward. Some of the top experts picked out those suggestions and tested them to see whether they were available. Doctor Zhong Nansan chose one patient who was seriously ill and little hope of ____(pick) up and had the new _____ (medical) tested on him, To his great ______ (joyful),this patient recovered! He made his way to his____ (official) and telephoned to the top official, telling him this exciting news. For ______ (convenient), he moved to live in his office. His method did make sense. Not soon after that, the other hospital also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it out finally.deathgovernmentillnesssuggestionspickingmedicinejoyofficeconvenience。