
高考名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析.doc
10页高考英语名词性从句详细讲解及易错题汇总解析一、名词性从句定义:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分) 连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词:when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分What he wants to tell us is not clear. It is known to us how he became a writer. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式常用句型如下:(1)It + be + 名词 + that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句(3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that… It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
例如:He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”例如:I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。
此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时)he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时)I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时)he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中 We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做3. 表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句The fact is that we have lost the game. That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. It looks as if it is going to rain. 当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是becauseThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等例如:The news that we won the game is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别: that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)名词性从句易错题、陷阱题汇总及解析[考题1]The photographs will show you______.解题思路:根据引导词在从句中作介词like的宾语,所以不能用副词how,排除C、D,而A项用了疑问句的语序,故选B项。
答案:B易错警示:在陈述句中,简单疑问句作宾语从句时,用陈述语序[考题2]He asked______ for a violin. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid答案:D(二)用it代替主语从句或宾语从句 为了使句子保持平衡,常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句,而把主语从句或宾语从句放在后面,尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中,但what, whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置[考题3]I hate______ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them解题思路:此题考查了it作先行词代替宾语从句,而把宾语从句放在句末,其他人称代词或指示代词都不能代替从句答案:A易错警示:考生如果不仔细,很容易错选B三)关联词的区分名词性从句中关联词的选择是非常重要的,所以在高考中更多的是考查关联词的选择 问题,而在关联词的选择中,主要侧重以下几个方面的检测。
1. whether和if的区别以及whether, if和that的区别Whether和if在引导宾语从句时一般可以通用,但在引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句时只能用whether, 不能用if; whether, if引导的名词转化而来的,含有疑问意义,而that引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的,不含有疑问意义[考题4]What the doctors really doubt is______ my mother will recover from the serous disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why解题思路:这是一个表语从句根据doubt一词可知,所怀疑的应是是否能治好病,所以要填whether. 这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是是否能很快从重病中恢复过来”答案:C易错警示:易错选B,注意文中表达的是“是否”之意,而非“怎样” 2. that从句与wh-从句的区别: That 连词在从句中不作成分,不含有疑问意义,而wh-连词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义[考题5]______ we can’t get seems better than_____ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. T。












