生理学名词中英文对照.doc

生理学名词中英文对照稳态(homeostasis )反射弧(reflex arc)自身调节(autoregulation ) 正反馈(positive feedback )第一章绪论1.机体的内环境(internal environment) 2.3.反射(reflex) 4.5.旁分泌调节(paracrine regulation ) 6.7.负反馈(negative feedback ) 8.9. 前馈(feed-forward)第二章细胞的基本功能单纯扩散(simple diffusion )10. 被动转运(passive transport ) 11.12. 经载体易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via carrier )13. 经通道易化扩散(facilitated diffusion via ion channel )14. 电压门控通道(voltage gated ion channel)15. 离子通道(ion channel )16. 化学门控通道(chemically gated ion channel)17. 机械门控通道 (mechanically gated ion channel)18. 原发性主动转运(primary active transport )19. 继发性主动转运(secondary active transport )20.同向转运(symport)21.反向转运(antiport )22.出胞(exocytosis )23.入胞(endocytosis )24.跨膜信号转导(transmembrane signal transduction )25.刺激(stimulation)26.兴奋(excitation)27.兴奋性(excitability)28.阈值(threshold)29.极化(polarization )30.去极化(depolarization )31.超极化(hyperpolarization)32.复极化(repolarization )33.内向电流(in ward curre nt)34.夕卜向电流(outward current ))+平衡电位(K+ equilibrium potential超射(overshoot )35. 电化学驱动力(electrochemical driving force36. 静息电位(resting potential) 37. K38.动作电位(action potential) 39.40. "全或无”现象(“ all or none ” phenomenon)41. 阈电位(threshold potential ) 42. 局部电位(local potential )时间性总和(temporal summation ) 44. 空间性总和(spatial summation )量子释放(quantal release )兴奋-收缩耦联(excitation-contraction coupling )等长收缩(isometric contraction)48.等张收缩(isotonic contraction )前负荷(preload ) 50.后负荷(afterload )肌肉收缩能力(co ntractility) 52.不完全强直收缩(in complete tetau ns )43.45.46.47.49.51.53.55.57.58.59.60.61.63.65.67.69.71.73.75.77.78.79.80.81.83.85.完全强直收缩(complete teta nus)54.运动单位motor unit )第三章血液血细胞比容(hematocrit ) 56.血浆渗透压(plasma osmotic pressure )血浆晶体渗透压( plasma crystal osmotic pressure )血浆胶体渗透压( plasma colloid osmotic pressure )悬浮稳定性(suspension stability )红细胞沉降率( erythrocyte sedime ntati on rate )红细胞渗透脆性(osmotic fragility 血小板聚集(platelet aggregation)62.血小板黏附(platelet adhesion ))64.生理性止血(hemostasis )出血时间(bleeding time ) 66.血液凝固(blood coagulation ) 68.凝血因子(clotting factor ) 70.外源性凝血途径(extri nsic pathway )血型(blood group ) 74.凝集原(agglutinogen )交叉配血试验(corss-match test )凝血时间(clotting time )血清(serum)内源性凝血途径(intrin sic pathway )72.纤维蛋白溶解(fibrinolysis )红细胞凝集(agglutination )76.凝集素(agglutinin )第四章血液循环心动周期(cardiac cycle )等容收缩期(period of isovolumic contraction )等容舒张期(period of isovolumic relaxation )每搏输出量(stroke volume ) 心输出量(cardiac output ) 异长调节(heterometric regulation82.射血分数(ejection fraction )84 心指数(cardiac index ))86. 心室功能曲线(ventricular function curve )87. 心肌收缩能力(myocardial contractility)88.等长调节（homometric regulati on89.快反应细胞(fast response cell90.慢反应纟田胞（slow response cell91.期前收缩（premature systole92.代偿间歇(compensatory pause93.自动节律性(autorhythmicity)94.正常起搏点（normal pacemaker95.潜在起搏点(late nt pacemaker96.异位起搏点(ectopic pacemaker )97.房室延搁（atriove ntricular delay)102.收缩压(systolic pressure )104. 平均动脉压( mean arterial pressure ))107. 压力感受性反射(baroreceptor reflex )98.膜反应曲线( membrane responsiveness curve )99. 钙触发钙释放(calcium-induced Ca 2+ release )100. 外周阻力(peripheral resista nee )101. 动脉血压(arterial blood pressure103.舒张压(diastolic pressure )105. 中心静脉压(central venous pressure106. 微循环(microcirculation )第五章108.肺通气(pulmonary ventilation ) 109.110.呼吸运动(呼吸肺换气(gas exchange in lungs )respiratory moveme nt)111.弹性阻力(elastic resista nee112.顺应性(complianee) 113.114.比顺应性(specific complianee) 115.116.气道阻力(airway resista nee) 117.118. 余气量(residual volume)119. 功能余气量(functional residual capacity)120. 肺活量(vital capacity) 121.122. 用力呼气量(forced expiratory volume)123. 肺通气量(pulmonary ventilation)124. 解剖无效腔(anatomical dead space) 125.126. 肺泡通气量(alveolar ventilation)127. 通气 /血流比值(ventilation/perfusion ratio)128. 血氧容量(oxygen capacity) 129.130.血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 131.132.肺牵张反射(pulmonary stretch reflex)肺的静态顺应性(static complia nee )肺表面活性物质(pulmo nary surfacta nt )潮气量(tidal volume)用力肺活量(forced vital capacity)肺泡无效腔(alveolar dead space)血氧含量(oxygen content)氧解离曲线 (oxygen dissociation curve)第六章消化与吸收133.135.137.139.140.141.142.143.145.147.148.149.150.151.153.155.157.158.159.160.161.162.163.164.166.134.136.消化(digestion )化学性消化(chemical digestion )机械性消化(mechanical digestion )吸收(absorption )慢波(slow wave)138.胃肠激素(gastrointestinalhorm one)脑-肠肽(brain gut peptide )黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障( mucus bicarbo nate barrier )胃黏膜屏障(gastric mucosal barrier容受性舒张(receptive relaxation紧张性收缩(ton ic con traction ) 肠-胃反射(entero-gastric reflex144. 胃的排空(gastric emptying146.分节运动(segmentation contraction )胆盐的肠-肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of 。