M6U3虚拟语气.ppt

Unit 3 Understanding each otherGrammar and usageTranslate the following sentences into English!Revision & Lead-in If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about.要是你在要是你在10分钟前进入分钟前进入聊天室的话聊天室的话,你就知道你就知道我们在谈些什么了我们在谈些什么了.If I got married in the UK, I would expect a present.如果我在英国结婚如果我在英国结婚,我我会得到客人的礼物会得到客人的礼物.Should you come to Brunei, you would have to take off your shoes before going into someone’s house.如果你来到了文莱如果你来到了文莱,你进你进别人家门之前得脱鞋别人家门之前得脱鞋.在在英英语语中中随随着着说说话话人人意意图图的的不不同同，，动动词词需需用用不不同同的的形形式式，，称称为为语语气气。

英语语气有三种：英语语气有三种：语气语气(mood)是一种动词形式，是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度用以表示说话者的意图或态度是说话人为表达一种假设是说话人为表达一种假设,或一种主或一种主观愿望观愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式用的动词形式.1. 陈述语气陈述语气用来叙述事实或提出疑问用来叙述事实或提出疑问.广泛用于陈广泛用于陈述句述句,疑问句疑问句,感叹句感叹句E.g. : I will come tomorrow.2.祈使语气祈使语气是说话人用来向对方下达命令是说话人用来向对方下达命令,指示提出要求指示提出要求,劝告等所用的动劝告等所用的动词形式词形式.主要用于祈使句主要用于祈使句.E.g. ; Don’t write in your book.3.虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一虚拟语气，作为日常交际应用中常常会出现的一种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个种语言现象，一直是高考题几乎年年都要考到的一个热点。

但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点无怪热点但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点无怪热点但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点无怪热点但对于中国学生来说，它又是一个难点无怪乎许多学生学习虚拟语气时，常常会叹道：乎许多学生学习虚拟语气时，常常会叹道：乎许多学生学习虚拟语气时，常常会叹道：乎许多学生学习虚拟语气时，常常会叹道： If there were no subjunctive mood, EnglishIf there were no subjunctive mood, English ______ much easier. ______ much easier. A. will be A. will be B. would have been B. would have been C. could have been D. would be C. could have been D. would be  虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设虚拟语气是说话人为表达一种假设,或一种主或一种主观愿望观愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式真实或仅是主观设想时所用的动词形式.虚拟语气的定义虚拟语气的定义关键是什么关键是什么与事实相反！与事实相反！1.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法2.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法3.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法4.一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 5. 与含蓄条件句与含蓄条件句6.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定考考点点难难点点错综时间条件句错综时间条件句Unreal conditionals state a condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. Unreal conditionalsWe use unreal conditionals to state a present condition or situation that is not real or is imaginary. E.g.E.g. If I got married in the UK, I would expect a present.We form unreal present conditionals like this:If… was/were/did … , …would/could/might do …1. 假如我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。

假如我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语 If I had more time，，I would study German.2. 要是我象你一样年轻要是我象你一样年轻, ,我就会找时间锻炼我就会找时间锻炼. . If I were/was young as you, I would find time to exercise. Practice:Practice:If I weren’t addicted to games,I would make greater progress in my studies.What would happen if you were not addicted to game?We also use unreal conditionals to refer to an imaginary past action.E.g.E.g. If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about.We form unreal past conditionals like this:If … had been/done…, …would/could/might have done…1) 如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。

如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车 If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.2) 如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了 If you had told him yesterday, he might have made some suggestions.If I ___________busy last night, I _____________ to see the film with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven We use unreal future conditionals to talk about imaginary future situations.1) If I had time tomorrow, I would certainly help you.2) If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term.3) If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.E.g.E.g.We form unreal future conditionals like this:If…was/were/did/should/were to…, …would/should/might do…Practice:Practice: 1) 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。

假如我要出国，我就会去法国 If I were to go abroad, I would go to France.2) 万一明天下雨，我们的运动会就推迟万一明天下雨，我们的运动会就推迟 If it should rain tomorrow, our sports meeting would be put off.Mark: 100 If you got /were to get /should get a full mark next time, I would treat you to a wonderful performance.  1)Would, could and might are often interchangeable, but with some differences in meaning.would → intention; plancould → ability; possibilitymight → probability2) In written English or in formal situation, we usually use were in If-clauses in place of was. However, in everyday conversation, was is often used.TIPS条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did（（were））had donewould/could/should/might +do would/could/should/might +have done1.did2.should+do3. were to dowould/could/should/might +do1.一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法一般条件句中虚拟语气的用法2.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法3.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法几种特殊结构中虚拟语气用法4.一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 5. 与含蓄条件句与含蓄条件句6.虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定考考点点难难点点错综时间条件句错综时间条件句We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unreal conditional sentence. In this case, if is not needed any more. Please rewrite the sentences:E.g.E.g. 1)If you should make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed. →Should you make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.2 ) If you had told me earlier, I would not have this problem now.→Had you told me earlier, I would not have this problem now.3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner. →Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner.TIPS注意注意: 如果省略的条件句中的如果省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时谓语动词是否定形式时,不能用不能用动词的缩略形式动词的缩略形式.我们可以说: Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但是不能说: Weren’t it for …E.g.E.g. ____ she ____ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A.Hadn’t; left B. Had; not leftC.If; didn’t leave D. Didn’t; leave 当条件状语从句所表示的行为当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时间不一致时,被称为被称为“错综时错综时间条件句间条件句”。

在这种情况下，在这种情况下，我们切不可照搬某种形式，而我们切不可照搬某种形式，而应该按照句中所表述的时间关应该按照句中所表述的时间关系，再选择相应的虚拟形式系，再选择相应的虚拟形式 1. If the flower had been watered,1. If the flower had been watered, it ______ now. it ______ now. A. wouldn’t die B. is dead A. wouldn’t die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die C. had been dead D. will not die 2. If his television set had not been stolen 2. If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he ______ TV now. yesterday, he ______ TV now. A. would watch A. would watch B. would have watched B. would have watched C. would be watching C. would be watching D. is watching D. is watchingIf you ________(study) hard before, you _______(be) a college student now and you __________(graduate) from a college in fours’ time.had studiedwould bewould graduateUnreal conditionals with “if”2. If 引导的虚拟条件从句中的结构引导的虚拟条件从句中的结构Consolidation(巩固）巩固）:If sb….,( 条件句)sb. …. ( 主句主句)Present(现在现在)Past(过去过去)Future (将来将来)did/wereA.had donewould/could/should/might doD.would/could/should/might have doneB. did/wereshould dowere to doC.would/could/should/might doOpposite to…Have a try!3. If引导的虚拟条件句的省略倒装：引导的虚拟条件句的省略倒装： (Inverted structures of them)1._____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I　　　　 B. I were　　 C. If I were 　　 D. Was I E. Were IIf I were to do the work, I should do it some other day.=Were I to do the work, I should do it some other day.2. ___ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park.　　A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will =If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park.Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the park.　　3. _____ for the doctor’s careful treatment, he ________till last year. A. If it is not, can’t live B. Were it not, couldn’t live　　C. If it hadn’t been, couldn’t have lived D. Had it not been, couldn’t have lived E. If they were not, couldn’t liveIf it hadn’t been for the doctor’s careful treatment, he couldn’t have lived till last year.= Had it not been for the doctor’s careful treatment, he couldn’t have lived till last year 在在If引导的虚拟条件句中引导的虚拟条件句中 总结总结should, were 和和 had 可以放在可以放在句首，这种情况下，句首，这种情况下，if必须省略必须省略.1.如果如果had是实义动词，表示是实义动词，表示“有有”时，时，则则不可以不可以移到句首。

移到句首正：正：If we had time to spare, we would go to see a film.误：误：Had we time to spare, we would go to see a film. TipIf you had gone to bed earlier last night,you wouldn’t be sleepy now. 错综时间错综时间(mixed time)条件句或混合虚拟语气条件句或混合虚拟语气 如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了 If you ____ ______ ______(turn right) just now, you ______________ (be) in trouble now.had turned rightwouldn’t be in4. If引导的混合虚拟语气中：引导的混合虚拟语气中：If you had gone to bed earlier last night,you wouldn’t be sleepy now. 错综时间错综时间(mixed time)条件句或混合虚拟语气条件句或混合虚拟语气 如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。

如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了 If you ____ ______ ______(turn right) just now, you ______________ (be) in trouble now.had turned rightwouldn’t be in4. If引导的混合虚拟语气中：引导的混合虚拟语气中： It’s hard to image what I would be doing today if I _____ in love at the age of seven , with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallenC.should fallD.were to fall一一. 含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句：有时假设的情况并不有时假设的情况并不用用if条件从句表示，而使用如条件从句表示，而使用如:but for(要不是要不是), without, with，，or , otherwise等等一些介词短语，分词结构一些介词短语，分词结构来代替来代替if条件句条件句, 这时剩下的主句要用这时剩下的主句要用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气其他形式：其他形式：a) with, without, but for 等介词短语代替条件句相当于 if it is not for “要不是”But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If __________________________)Without the teacher’s help, he couldn’t have made such great progress in English.(= If ____________________________) it hadn’t been for the rainit hadn’t been for the teacher’s help, b). otherwise, but, or 常把真实情况和虚拟常把真实情况和虚拟语气混合语气混合（重、难点）（重、难点）I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（副词） I would have taken part in the sports meeting，but I was ill that day.（连词）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）I _______________(give) you more help, but I was too busy. （连词） c) Given more time, we could have done it better. (分词短语)= If___________________________ we had been given more time,might have given1.Without your help, we ____ such rapid progress.A.couldn’t make B. wouldn’t makeC. will not have made D. wouldn’t have made2.I could have called you for help, but I ____ your number. A. couldn’t have remembered B. didn’t remember C. should have remembered D. hadn’t remembered二二 . 虚拟语气的其他形式：虚拟语气的其他形式：1. 与现在、将来相反用过去时，与过去时与现在、将来相反用过去时，与过去时间相反使用过去完成时：间相反使用过去完成时：a. wish , would rather 引导的虚拟语气, 但注意：would rather后所跟句子不接过去将不接过去将来时来时。

I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.I would rather you had come yesterday.b. If /as if/even if/ if only…引导的虚引导的虚拟条件句拟条件句1.I will not go there even if I ____________(give) the chance to .2.He talks as if he ________________(be) to America.3.If only night ________(be) day.4.If only I _____________(see) my favorite star yesterday.were givenhad been towerehad seen5. I wish I ______ to the moon.A. fly B. would fly C. could fly Sb would rather 宁愿…过去：现在：未来：1. I would rather you_______ (pay) me now.2. I would rather you___________ (go) to school yesterday.3. Don’t come. I would rather you_______ (come) tomorrow. sb didsb had done paidhad gone camesb did归纳总结归纳总结2. 由由 should +do, 构成的虚拟语气：构成的虚拟语气：a．在由．在由一个一个坚持坚持（（insist））,两个两个命令命令（（order, command））, 四条四条建议建议（（advise, suggest, propose，，recommend））,四项四项要求要求（（demand, require, request, ask））等词等词 引导的名词性从句中，引导的名词性从句中，should可可省省b.在在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that…”这类句型中这类句型中表示某事是表示某事是“重要重要”，，“奇怪奇怪”，，“自然自然”，，“必要必要”等意义时等意义时.（（should不可以省略）不可以省略）1. It was ordered that no smoking ____ in the library.A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed2. 很奇怪你竟然对你父母如此粗鲁！很奇怪你竟然对你父母如此粗鲁！It is strange that you should be so rudeto your parents.(1) 常见形容词常见形容词: 奇怪,自然,重要,必要strange, natural, important, necessaryno wonder, a pity, a shame(2)常见名词常见名词 一个难怪,两个遗憾 It be +adj that sb should do nIt’s a pity that I should do a bad job in this exam.It’s important that we should understand each other. 1. It is necessary that you ______ present at the discussion.1. It is necessary that you ______ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be 2. It is a pity that you ________ your homework again.2. It is a pity that you ________ your homework again. A. will do B. had done C. should do D. didA. will do B. had done C. should do D. did巩固训练巩固训练 43. It’s (about/high) time +that sb didsb should do我们该去我们该去睡觉了。

睡觉了It’s time that we went to bed.It’s time that we should go to bed. should 不可以省略(1)It’s time that I apologized to you.(2)It’s time that I should apologize to you.归纳总结归纳总结巩固训练巩固训练 24. “for fear that /in case+主语+ should +动词原形”•I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb you.  More practiceMore practice Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms. 1.You didn’t let me drive. If we _________ (drive) in turn, you ________________(not get) so tired.2.________it __________(not be) for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.had drivenwouldn’t have gotHadnot been3. ——Has Mr Smith recovered now? ——Yes. Who__________________(think) that such a serious illness could be cured?4.______________it _____________(rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off.would have thoughtWere / Shouldto rain / rain5.Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it ______________(organize) better.6.Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she____________(get) a job, she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.could/might have been organizedwere to get/should get/got7.Much labour would have been saved if electronic computer _______________ (invent) before.8. ——Well done, Jack！ ——Thanks. But given more time, I __________________________(do) it better.had been inventedcold/would/might have doneNow here are more exercises for you to check whether you have mastered what you have learned in this class.Please choose the correct answers to the following multiple choices.Choose the right answer:1.Everything if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.A. will be destroyedB. C. B. will have been destroyed D. E. C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed  2. The business is risky. But _______ , we would be rich. A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed3. What would have happened, ________, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther4. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent5. ______ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Was he leaving B. If he leaves C. Were he to leave D. If he is leaving6. Supposing this ship ,do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? A.were to sink B. has sunk C. was sinking D. sunk7. I don’t think he’ll attend the party, and ______ he attend it, what would he wear?A. were B. had C. did D. should 9. ——You can ask your brother for help. —— He isn’t at home. If he ____, I ___.A. were, would B. is, would C. is, will D. were, will10. —— Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation? —— No, but if I _____ time, I ————— very glad to go there. A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be11. ——Sally finally got here from Chicago. —— If she_____ earlier, we _____ her to the party then.A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take12. If you _______ George, would you please tell him to ring me?A.saw B. were to see C. had seen D. seeMagic LanternMagic BrushMagic StickTime MachineDiscussion:Discussion:What would you do if you had a…?Summary of this class(本节小结本节小结)一一. 英语中语气包括三种英语中语气包括三种:陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语祈使语 气气,虚拟语气虚拟语气.二二.虚拟语气用在虚拟语气用在if 引导的与现在事实引导的与现在事实,将来将来 事实事实,过去事实相反的非真实条件状语从过去事实相反的非真实条件状语从 句中句中.三三.一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装一般条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 四四.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句HomeworkHomework Finish Parts C1 and C2on Page 118 in Workbook.。