中考英语单项选择题部分知识点讲解.docx

中考英语 单项选择 相关讲解几组近义动词和动词词组辨析1．几个“花费”：spend, take, pay, cost. 　（1）spend多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间spend … on sth / （in） doing sth， 例如：I spent 15 yuan on this new book. 　（2）take常用于 "It takes sb. some time to do sth" 句型中，例如： 　It often takes me half an hour to go to school by bike every day. （3）pay常与for连用，表“付给……款”例如：　　　　I paid 15 Yuan for this new book. 　（4）cost常用物作主语，表“价值或花费多少钱”，例如：　　　　This new book cost me 15 Yuan. 2．几个“看”：look, see, watch, read, find 　（1）look 看，表动作，look at例如：Please don’t look out of the window.　（2）see 看见，表结果；也可说看电影“see a film”。

例如：　　　　His father saw him sitting on some eggs. 　（3）watch 观看比赛、演出、电视等　（4）read读书看报等文字材料例如：My father is reading newspaper now.3．几个与“看”有关的词或词组：look for, find, find out, look after, take care of, look over, look forward to, 　（1）look for　寻找，表过程；find发现，找到，表结果；find out 找出，查明例如：　　　 I looked for my lost pen everywhere, but couldn’t find it anywhere.　（2）look after, take care of 均表示“照看，照顾”　（3）look over 检查身体等　（4）look forward to盼望……，期待……例如：　　　　I am looking forward to your letter. She looks forward to going to visit her grandparents in Dalian.4．几个“说”：say, speak, talk, tell 　（1）say接说话的内容，作及物动词。

say sth to sb. 对某人说某事例如：　　　 Did you say goodbye to your granny?　（2）speak常指能说某种语言，打时常用它表示说话，也有“演讲”的意思，不强调说话的内容例如：　　　 We can speak Chinese and English.　　　 May I speak to Henry?　　　 He will speak at the meeting tonight.　（3）talk多是不及物动词，指交谈、谈论；做名词时有演讲、报告之意例如：　　　 They are talking about their friends now. I will talk to your father about your health next time. Mr. Zhang is going to give us a talk at the meeting.　（4）tell的意思是“告诉某人……；讲述……；吩咐某人做……”多为及物动词，后面多接两个宾语例如：　　　 I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back tomorrow. Granny often tells me funny stories. The policeman told us not to play football in the street again.5．几个“穿，戴”：put on, wear, dress, in 　（1）put on指“穿上、戴上”的意思，强调动作，代词多放在中间。

例如：　　　 Here is your coat. Put it on, Lucy. He put on his new pair of sunglasses and went out.　（2）wear指“穿着，戴着”，表示状态例如：　 -“What is she wearing?” - “She’s wearing a red hat and a blue jacket.”　（3）dress指“给某人穿衣服”，其宾语多是人例如：　　 My mother is dressing herself. My little brother is too young. Mom dresses him every morning. dress up 指“穿上盛装，打扮”　（4）in 后多接衣服的颜色，表示“穿着……颜色衣服的”例如：　　　 The man in black is my father. Have you seen a boy in a red sweater?6．几个“到达”：reach, arrive in / at, get to　（1）reach是个及物动词，它后面可以直接跟表示地点的名词作宾语。

例如：　　　　We reached Shanghai at eight on Monday.　（2）arrive是个不及物动词，后面接表示地点的名词作宾语时需在宾语前加介词in或at（在国家和较大的城市或地区前用in，较小的地方或单位前用at）例如： We have already arrived in Shanghai. They arrived at school at 6:30 yesterday.　（3）get to 表示到达，多用于口语中例如：　　　　I got to the Capital Cinema at 9:00.注意：当表示到达here, there, home时，arrive或get后不要加介词例如：When did you get home? When will you arrive there?7．几个“带、拿”：bring, take, get, carry （1）bring指将某物或某人从离说话人较远处“拿来”或“带来”例如：　　　　You’d better finish you homework today and bring it to school tomorrow. May I bring Tom along?　　　Bring the book to me, please. （2）take指将某物或某人从离说话人较近处“带到”或“拿到” 离说话人较远处。

例如：　　　　Could you take the book to the classroom? I am busy now. （3）get指从说话人所在位置到别处把某物拿来例如：　　　　Will you get that book for me? 　（4）carry不强调动作来去的方向，只说明动作方式，表示“背着、扛着、提着、载着”等含义例如　　　　The buses and taxis are carry people here and there. The box is so heavy that the little boy can’t carry it.8．几个与“听”有关的词或词组：listen to, hear, hear of, hear from （1）listen to 听……，表示听的动作　（2）hear 听见，听到表示结果例如：　　　　I listened to the speaker carefully, but I couldn’t hear anything. （3）hear of 听说……例如：　　　　Have you heard of this news?　（4）hear from收到某人的信息或来信。

例如：　　　　I heard from my friend in Australia last week.9．beat和win （1）beat表示“赢”或“打败”，后面要接被打败的对手例如：　　　　Our football team beat theirs by 3 to 1. （2）win用作及物动词时，后面接的不是被打败的对手，而是比赛本身、游戏、战争、名次等例如：　　　　Our football team won the football game by 3 to 1.10．rise和raise （1）rise是不及物动词，表示“上升、提高、增长”等例如：　　　　The sun rises in the east. Our country’s international prestige（国际声望）is rising continually.　（2）raise是及物动词，表示“举起、抬起”　　　　He raised his hand picked an apple.11．borrow, lend和keep （1）borrow指其逻辑主语从别处或别人那里“借来”东西，常与介词from连用。

例如：　　　　May I borrow some money from you? You can borrow books from the library. （2）lend指其逻辑主语将东西“借出、借给”别人，常与介词to连用例如：　　　　Could you lend me some money? The library lends books to the students. （3）keep表示“保存”，与表示一段时间的时间状语连用例如：　　　　How long may I keep the book? I have kept the book for 3 weeks.12．receive和accept　　（1）receive的意思是“收到了……”，只表示收到某物，并不表明同意或不同意接受的含义例如：　　　　I received a gift from her, but I returned it back to her this morning. （2）accept表示“接受……”，“同意接纳……”如接受物体、邀请、批评等 He received an invitation from her and accepted it happily.13．answer与reply　（1）answer意为“回答、响应、答复、接听”等，多作及物动词。

例如：　　　　Who can answer my qu。