计算机英语关于学生的简短笔记.doc

Computer English Teaching Plan Chapter 1: Computer and Computer Science I. COMPUTER { Commonly Operating Machine Particularly Used for Trade, Education & Research}1.A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. 2.Computer can access & process data millions of times faster than humans can. 3.A computer can store data & information in its memory, process them & produce the desired results. 4. Computer can do a lot of different tasks such as playing games, railway reservation etc.II. STRENTGHS & WEAKNESSES OF A COMPUTER1.SPEED: Computers are much faster as compared to human beings. 2.HIGH STORAGE CAPACITY: Computers can store a large amount of information in very small space. 3.ACCURACY: Computers can perform all the calculation & comparisons accurately provided the hardware does not malfunction. 4. VERSATILITY: Computers can perform repetitive jobs efficiently. III. TYPES OF COMPUTERThe computers have been classified into three categories.Digital Computers - The digital computer work upon discontinuous data. They convert the data into digits & all operations are carried out on these digits at extremely fast rates. Digital Computers are much faster than analog computers. Computers used for business & scientific applications are digital computers. Analog Computers - In analog computers continuous quantities are used. The main advantage of analog computer is that all calculations take place in parallel & hence these are faster. Analog computers are mostly used in engineering & scientific applications. Hybrid Computers - In these computers some calculations take place in analog manner & rest of them take place in digital manner. Hybrid computers are used in hospitals where analog part is responsible for measurement of heart beat. They are also used in weather forecasting. IV.LIMITATIONS OF A COMPUTER1. Lack of decision making power: Computer can’t decide on their own. They do not possess this power which is a great assert of human brings. 2. IQ Zero: Computers are dumb machines with zero IQ. They need to be told each & every step, however minute it may be. V. FEATURES OF COMPUTERFIRST GENERATION 1. Use of vacuum tubes2. Big & Clumsy3. High Electricity Consumption4. Programming in Mechanical Language5. Larger AC were needed6. Lot of electricity failure occurredSECOND GENERATION1. Transistors were used2. Core Memory was developed3. Faster than First Generation computers4. First Operating System was developed5. Programming was in Machine Language & Assembly Language6. Magnetic tapes & discs were used7. Computers became smaller in size than the First Generation computers8. Computers consumed less heat & consumed less electricityTHIRD GENERATION 1. Integrated circuits developed2. Power consumption was low3. SSI & MSI Technology was used4. High level languages were usedFOURTH GENERATION 1. LSI & VLSI Technology used2. Development of Portable Computers3. RAID Technology of data storage4. Used in virtual reality, multimedia, simulation5. Computers started in use for Data Communication6. Different types of memories with very high accessing speed & storage capacityFIFTH GENERATION COMPUTERS1. Used in parallel processing2. Used superconductors3. Used in speech recognition4. Used in intelligent robots5. Used in artificial intelligenceS.No Parameters First GenerationSecond GenerationThird GenerationFourth GenerationFifth Generation1. Year 1950 1960 1965 1975 19822. Electronic ComponentVacuum Tubes.Transistors and Diodes.Integrated CircuitsMicro ProcessorsArtificial Intelligence3. Programming SystemNo operating SystemNo Operating SystemOperating System UsedImproved Operating SystemHighly Sophisticated4. Language Used (Software)Machine (Binary) Language.Assembly Language, mnemonicsHigh Level Language, BASIC, FORTRAN, PASCAL, 4GL, Object Oriented Language Such as SQL. (For Data Base Artificial Intelligence.VI. DEFINITION AND MEANINGS 1. CPU - The CPU is the control center for a computer. It guides, directs & governs its performance. It is the brain of the computer.2. Output Device- The devices which are used to display the data to the user either in the form of hard copy or soft copy are called output devices.3. Input Device- The input unit is formed by the input devices attached to the computer4. Memory- The working place in computer where all data is stored is called memory. There are small cells called bit. In these cell data is stored in the form of 0 & 1. Its unit is bytes. A memory cell may be defined as a device which can store a symbol selected from a set of symbols.5. Operating System- An operating system is required to manage the computer and enable it to communicate with peripherals such as monitor, keyboard, mouse, or printer; and to control the flow of commands and data to and from programs or applications.Chapter: 1 Computer & Computer Science Introduction:Computer science or computing science (abbreviated CS or CompSci) is the scientific and practical approach t。