新课标非谓语动词的句法功能 课件.ppt

非谓语动词的句法功能 一 作主语A . 不定式 To see is to believe. (强调具体行动更强调一次性)B. ing Seeing is believing. 眼见为实 (一般行为)C. the+过去分词 表一类人 The injured were sent to hospital.常用不定式的惯用句1. It is + adj. +to do sth eg: It is not safe to drink the polluted water. It is + adj.+ of sb to do sth for sb to do sth eg: It is kind of him to help. ( He is kind.) It is impossible for him to help us. ( He is impossible. x)2. It is a/ an +n (crime, mistake, pity, shame, good idea) + to do sth eg: It is an offence to take photos here.3. It takes + to do sth eg: It would take years to rebuild the castle.常用不定式的惯用句常用-ing的惯用句1. It is no use /good waiting for him.2. My sisters falling ill worried my mother greatly.逻辑主语形容词性物主代词 名词所有格二作表语.不定式说明主语的内容表具体某次动作或即将发生的动作1. My hobby is to collect old coins. The “to” is optional in sentences such as: The only thing to do / we can do is (to) write to him. All we can do is to write to him.2. Our aim is to build China into a powerful, modern socialist country. ing 主语常是表示事物或动作的名词说明主语的内容（动名词） Her job is teaching English. 主语常是表示事物的名词表示主语所具有的特征（现在分词） The news is exciting. 过去分词 表示主语所处的状态主语常是表示人的名词I am married.三作宾语. 不定式某些动词后面要接不定式作宾语:intend, decide, wish, want, refuse, promise等注意：help (to) do sth 在expect, mean, intend, want, like, prefer, hate等之后 +there to beeg: People dont want there to be another war.B. ing 1. 某些动词后要接 ing作宾语：admit, avoid, dislike, mind, finish, practise, enjoy, imagine, suggest, feel like, cant help, delay, consider, etc We dont mind him explaining the problem again.（逻辑主语常由名词或代词也可用名词所有格形容词性物主代词） 2.某些介词词组之后： be fond of, look forward to , be sorry for, what /how about , insist on, have difficulty in, be for / against, be interested in, without, give up, keep on两种形式都可以但意义不同 remember to do sth forget to do sth remember doing sth forget doing sth mean to do sth try to do sth mean doing sth try doing sth stop to do sth go on to do sth stop doing sth go on doing sth regret to do sth be afraid to do sth regret doing sth be afraid of doing sth两种形式意义相同但用法不同 start /begin to do doing sth(1.动词表心理活动,如realize,understand等用不定式； 2.begin与start 的进行时态后只接不定式； 3.主语为无生命物用不定式It began to thunder) need * sth. require doing/ to be done want sth.主语（表物） * be worth doing常用不定式的惯用语： We think it impossible to finish the work so soon. 形式宾语 (常见动词： believe, consider, find, discover) 动词 （ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, show, wonder等）+ how/ what/ when等疑问词 + to do eg: He discovered how to open the safe. but/ except (prep.) + to do sth./ do sth. eg: He has no choice but to lie down and sleep. He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep. not but 连词词组，表示对比或强调 They decide not to visit other places but to remain where their were.四、作宾语补足语A. 不定式 （宾语为动作的执行者） 某些动词之后加带to的不定式作宾补：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, except, get等。

* promise sb. to do sth. （由主语去做的动作）His mother promised (him) to buy him a big cake for his birthday. 某些动词之后加不带to的不定式做宾补: make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, listen to, look at等 * 被动句式中需添回to He was seen to play by the river.B. ing （宾语为动作的执行者） 某些动词之后加-ing作宾补: see, hear, notice, watch, observe, feel, listen to, look at, make, have, get, find, keep, leave, catch等 get the car going, get the engine runningcatch/ find sb. doing sth. smell something burning see sb. do sth. 看见事物的全过程，目的在于仅仅说明发生了该件事（或动作已经完成，或经常性动作）。

see sb. doing sth. : 正在进行的动作的一部分，目的是将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前C. 过去分词 （宾语为动作的承受者） The mother found all the clothes washed. have done He has had his hair cut. He has had his leg broken. The boy tried his best to make himself understood with his broken English. leave the work undone/ half-done keep the door locked五、作定语A. 不定式 （表将来要发生的动作） This is the doctor to operate on the patient.B. ing A parcel weighing half a ton has just been delivered. which weighs half a ton (主动式表被动) 表示所修饰的名词的作用与用途 （动名词） a swimming pool 表所修饰的名词的动作（现在分词）两者逻辑上是主谓关系 a swimming fish *强调正在进行的动作 The doctor operating on the patient is doctor Li.常用-ing作定语的惯用句：peace-loving people English-speaking country spoken EnglishC. 过去分词 不及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成 fallen leaves 落叶 returned students 归国留学生 newly arrived visitors 新到的客人 及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动及动作的完成。

与所修饰的词是一种动宾的逻辑关系) cold boiled water 冷开水 developed country常用不定式作定语的惯用句： 用于the first, the second etc the last, the only之后 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 如果没有主谓关系，则用不定式的被动式 见身份判断： Do you have any letters to be typed? (打信并不是“you”) (问老板) Do you have any letters to type? (问打字员) 用于名词、代词之后I have a letter to write. ( write a letter.)Have you got anything to say? ( say anything) a table to write on a tool to open it with someone to talk to a restaurant to eat in ( of something to eat ) 不定式作定语，与前面的名词或代词有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词有主谓关系时，用主动式。

Give me some books to read. “there + be + n./ pron. + to do” constructionThere is plenty to do. (There is plenty we can do.) *表“责任”时，用被动式 There is plenty of work to be done. we must do. 在某些名词之后：ability, decision, desire, determination, promise, plan, failure, offer, attempt等 He prides himself on his ability to speak French. Their offer/ plan/ promise to r。