新人教版高中必修三第一单元情态动词语法.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,热身导入,Can you list some modal verbs that you remembered?,modal verbs,Can/could,May/might,Will/would,Shall/should,must,Ought to,Used to,dare,Be able to,need,Have to,情态动词的语法特征,1情态动词除ought to和used to外，后面只能接不带to的不定式2情态动词没有人称，数的变化，will can dare 除外3情态动词“时态”的形式并不是区分时间的主要标准,自主学习,自主学习,Read page7-8 and learn“can could be able to”,归纳总结,Can/could,(1)表示能力,（2）表示允许,（3）表示推测,Can/be able to,“设法做成某事”,表自身能力,表经过一段时间的努力后所具有的能力,=manage to do/succeed in doing,例1：-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes,of course you_.,A.might B.will C.canD.should,析：选C。

该句用can的委婉表达式could 来征求对方意见，could 和might通用，但回答时必须要用can或may，因此该题不选A.,归纳总结,May/might,(1)表示许可；,（2）祈使句表祝愿,（3）把握不太大的推测（肯定句）can(疑问句和否定句),归纳总结,Will/would,1 表示意志意愿,2表示请求建议,3表示习惯性动作,注意：,Would/used to,归纳总结,May/might,(1)表示许可；,（2）祈使句表祝愿,（3）把握不太大的推测（肯定句）can(疑问句和否定句),shall,和,should,的用法,Shall,(1),用于一,三人称，,征求意见或提议,Shall we go out for lunch?,(2),用于第二、三人称，表一种强烈的感情，如“,命令，禁止，威胁，允诺,”等,.,If you dare do that,you shall be punished.,The room is so dirty._ we clean it?,Of course.(2003北京春),A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do,“The interest _be divided into five parts,according to the agreement made by,both sides.,A.may B.should C.must D.shall,上述两题均考查,shall,的含义，当,shall,用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示,征求对方意见,；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示,说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。

should,should,should用于构成将来时是助动词should用于表示“应当”“猜测”是情态动词1),表示,义务，责任,，意为,“,应当,”,You should pay for your taxes.,（2）,表示,推测，可能性,意为,“,可能，应该,”,It,s mid-night,he should be home.,（3）,表示,惊讶和难以置信,表示说话人的感情(惊奇、愤怒、失望等)“,竟然,”,Why should he do such a thing?,(4)shoud+have+done表示本应该做但实际上没做,2.表示否定的情态动词的用法:,部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点,之一mustnt 不准,禁止,neednt 没必要(=dont have to),cant 不能;不可能,may not 不可以;可能不,shouldnt 不应该(=ought not to),Must/cant,1 must 表示“必须”“应该”,2 must 表示“命令”“禁止”,3 must 表示猜测 否定式 cant/couldnt,must+be,Must+be doing,Must+have done 过去一定做了某事,cant have done 不可能已经,Mustnt 不许，不应该,例1：-Must I start at once?-No,you_.,A.needntB.mustnt C.cantD.wont,析：A。

由语境可知该答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不准、禁止”，不符合语境，显然应使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答继续用must,反馈练习：workbook(p9),1 Discuss the exercises in group of four.,2 Give you reasons why you choose it.,Homework,1 Recite the modal verbs and their usuage,2 Do exercises p9-10 in workbook.,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare,情态动词,(+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,3.常以,neednt,和,darent,的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时,dared,.,多用于肯定句;,(sb.)need to do,dare to do,(sth.)need to be,done,(sth.)need doing,判断正误:,How,dare you say,such a thing?,How,dare you to say,such a thing?,He,darent to speak,English before such a,crowd,did he?,He,darent speak,English before such a,crowd,dare he?,Nobody need to be,afraid of catching the disease.,Nobody need be,afraid of catching the disease,.,need 的被动含义：need，want,require,worth(adj.)后面接doing 也可表示被动,need doing=need to be done,表示推测的用法can,could,may,might,must 皆可表示推测,情态动词+动词原形,表示对现在或将来的情况推测,不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：,He,is,at home.(事实),He,must be,at home.（非常肯定的推断）,He,could be,at home.（很可能）,He,ought to be,at home.（很可能）,He,may be,at home.（仅仅可能而已）,He,might be,at home.（或许,非常不确定）,He,might not be,at home.（也许不在家）,He,may not be,at home.（比might可能）,He,couldnt be,at home.（很可能不在家）,He,cant be,at home.（一定不在家）,He,isnt,at home.（事实）,二、情态动词+have done表示对过去情况的推测,（一）should/ought to have done本来应做而未做，表达遗憾感情色彩,例1：I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I _for her.(NMET94),had to write it out,must have written it out,C.should have written it out,D.ought to write it out,析：选C。

分析语境可知，口头上告知Sally如何去那里是不够的，所以我本应书面告知，却有没书面告知之，显得应使用should/ought to have written表示遗憾之情二）may/might have done可能已做/must have done 一定已做/cant have done不可能做,例1：-Where is my pen?,-I _it.(NMET88),A.might lose,B.wouldnt have lost,C.should have lost,D.must have lost,D,（三）could have done指本来能做而实际未做，表达遗憾的感,情色彩,You could at least have sent five cards.你本来可以至少寄去5张明信片的说明没有寄那么多）,He must be reading,_ he?,You must do it yourself,_ you?,He must have gone over the article,_he?,It must have rained last night,_ it?,表猜测语气的反意疑问句的构成,isnt,dont,hasnt,didnt,。