《初中现在完成时讲解》.pdf

1现在完成时现在完成时 一、现在完成时的构成（一）肯定式主语助动词 have has 过去分词其它（二）否定式主语助动词 have hasnot过去分词其它（三）一般疑问式助动词 Have Has 主语过去分词其它 ？二、现在完成时的用法（一） 现在完成时的用法1： 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果此时，常与时间副词 already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用这几个副词的用法如下：1already 意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末实例：1）Ive already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容” ）2）Ive washed my clothes already我已经洗了衣服 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了” ）2yet 用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中意为“还”，常放在句末实例：1）Has he found his watch yet ？他已经找到他的手表了吗？ No，not yet不，还没有。

2）The woman hasnt found her dog yet 那位妇女还没有找到她的狗 （没找到狗，心里着急，这就是对现在的影响）3just 意为“刚刚”，表示行为刚刚过去，常放在助动词与过去分词之间实例： He has just come back from school 他刚从学校回来4ever 意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间实例： 1）Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？你曾去过香港吗？ 2）I havent ever spoken to her我未曾和她说过话5never 意为“从来没有”常与 before 连用（before 要放在句尾，而 never 多放在助动词与过去分词之间实例： I have never travelled by plane before我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过6before 意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制实例 ：2 1）Have you been to Hainan before ？你以前去过海南吗？ 2）I havent eaten Guangdong food before我以前没吃过广东菜。

二）现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去常与“for 一段时间或“since过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及 so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用eg. He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 2001. Now I have finished the work.注意 ：注意 ： 表示短暂时间动作的词， 如:come， go， die， marry， buy 等的完成时不能与 for， since等表示一段时间的词连用短暂性转换延续性arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2)I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3)I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4)They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1)He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1)I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open1)The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.2)The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleepfinish/end be over marry be married1)I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.32)He left Wuxi just now.He _ _ _ _ Wuxi for five minutes.3)My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4)The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5)I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6)They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not havebuy have put on wearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to know know1)They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2)I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3)I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.4)I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1)He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1)He joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2)My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.注意：在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。

短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与 for(达到；累计)或 since（自从到现在）引出的时间状语连用对 for 和 since 引导的时间状语提问要用 How longhave been in, have been to 与与 have gone to 的用法的用法4一、have(has) been in 表示 “在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如： since, for 等例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /at home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad二、have(has)been to 表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了可与 just, ever, never等连用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次例如：I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了I. 用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once. 随堂练习随堂练习 （ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away（ ）2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in（ ）3.The factory _ since the Feb。