Unit2西方文化导论精品.ppt

U3_main,Get Started,Text Study,Supplementary Resources,Unit 2,,,,Culture in Ancient Rome,Get Started_ main,Get Started,Get Started,1. A General Introduction,2. Focus In,,,Get Started_1.1,Get Started,Get Started_1.1,Get Started,Ancient Rome, once the largest empire in the world, was originated from some villages located on the Apennine Peninsula along the Mediterranean Sea in the 10th century BC. In 509 BC, Augustus built a republic country of Rome. During the 4th century BC, Rome unified Italy by military conquest, and after years of wars, it conquered Carthage, Greece, Macedon, etc. and built up a vast Roman Empire with a territory stretching across three continents. During this period, Rome succeedingly experienced the rule of Sulla Felix, the first Triumvirate, and the second Triumvirate. In 27 BC, Octavian called himself “Augustus” and held together in his own grasp all the military, administrative, judicial and religious powers, becoming the Emperor of Roman Empire. In the two,Get Started_1.2,Get Started,centuries after Augustus came to power, the Roman Empire reached its culmination in economy, culture, military force and trade. However, beginning from the 5th century or so, the Roman Empire embarked on a path of decline. Economic problems, social problems and frequent wars finally split the Roman Empire into two parts: Eastern and Western Parts. In 476, Western Roman Empire came to an end. Romans succeeded in putting into effect the ideas of rulership borrowed from ancient Greece. The Greek democracy provided the preliminary basis for the later form of Western government which would appear more open and less autocratic. The society has a clearly defined social status.,Get Started_1.3,Get Started,Romans also borrowed many other cultural ideas from ancient Greece, including daily customs, laws and architectural designs as well as literary styles and creative methods which greatly added to the taste and charm of daily life before the Greek and Roman cultures came around as classical culture as it was termed by later eras. However, it still attributed greatly to the Western culture in mythology, religion, literature, history, philosophy, architecture and art.,Get Started_2.1,Get Started,To get a brief view of the history and development of ancient Rome To get to know the Roman social structure and economic conditions To be familiar with major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture in mythology, religion, philosophy, history, literature and arts,Text Study _main,Text Study,Text Study,I. The Historical Development of Ancient Rome,II. The Roman Social and Economic Conditions,III. Roman Cultural Achievements,,,,Text Study _I_1.1,Text Study,Main Ideas,Main Ideas,The History of Ancient Rome,Origin: small village in central Italy,During 700 BC800 BC, Seven Hill Ally took shape and cities and tribes came into being.,,,Development: In 509 BC, Augustus built up Roman Republic.,After three Punic wars, in the 4th century BC, a vast unified Roman Empire was established with territory stretching across three continents.,,,,,,,Text Study _I_1.2,Text Study,Main Ideas,Main Ideas,Three powerful rulers: L.Sulla Felix, the 1st Triumvirate, the 2nd Triumvirate,,In 27 BC, Octavian called himself Augustus and built up a centralized Rome.,,Decline: In 33 AD, Roman Empire was divided into two parts.,,End: In 476, West Rome was defeated by German troops and came to an end.,,,,,Text Study _I_2.1,Text Study,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Lucius Tarquinius Superbus 卢修斯塔克文苏佩布(？ 496 BC): Superbus was the 7th emperor of the Roman Kingdom Etruscan，ruling from 535 BC to the Roman revolt in 509 BC which led to the establishment of the Roman Republic.,Text Study _I_2.2,Text Study,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Romulus and Remus 罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯：Romulus (771 BC717 BC) and Remus (771 BC753 BC) were the twin brothers, who were said to be the founders of Rome. In Roman mythology, their parents were Mars and Rhea Silvia, the daughter of Latin King. The twins were ordered to be drowned by the new king who dethroned the Latin King. However, they were saved and raised by a she-wolf. When they grew up, the twins built their own city, but Remus was killed,Text Study _I_2.3,Text Study,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,by his brother who became the first king of Rome. Nowadays, Romulus is regarded as a mythological figure, whose name is the origin of Rome.,Text Study _I_2.4,Text Study,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Punic Wars布匿战争: A series of wars between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. The main cause is the conflict of interests between the Carthaginian Empire and the Roman Republic. There are three largest wars: First Punic War (264 BC241 BC), Second Punic War (218 BC201 BC), Third Punic War (149 BC146 BC). Eventually, after more than a hundred years, Rome conquered the Carthaginian Empire and became 。