英语必修一Unit4单词讲解1.ppt

Unit4 Earthquakes要要 点点 梳梳 理理高效梳理高效梳理·知识备考知识备考●重点重点单词单词1．．burst vi.爆裂；爆爆裂；爆发发 n．突然破裂，爆．突然破裂，爆发发2．．event n．事件；大事．事件；大事3．．nation n．．民民族族；；国国家家；；国国民民→national adj.国家的，民族的国家的，民族的→nationality n．国籍．国籍4．．ruin n．．废废墟；墟；毁毁灭灭 vt.毁毁灭灭；使破；使破产产5．．suffering n．．苦苦难难；；痛痛苦苦→suffer v．．受受苦，遭受苦，遭受6．．extreme adj.极度的极度的→extremely adv.7．．injure vt.损损害害；；伤伤害害→injured adj.受受伤伤的的→injury n．．伤伤害，害，损损害害8．．destroy vt.破坏；破坏；毁毁坏；消坏；消灭灭9．．useless adj.无无用用的的；；无无效效的的；；无无益益的的→useful(反反义词义词)→use v. & n．使用，利用．使用，利用10．．shock vt. & vi.(使使)震震惊惊；；震震动动 n．．休休克克；；打打击击；震惊；震惊11．．rescue n. & vt.援救；援救；营营救救12．．trap vt.使陷入困境使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境．陷阱；困境13．． electricity n．． 电电 ；； 电电 流流 ；； 电电 学学→electric adj.用用电电的的；；带带电电的的；；发发电电的的→electrical adj.与与电电有关的；有关的；电电学的学的14．．disaster n．灾．灾难难；灾；灾祸祸15．．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；埋葬；掩埋；隐隐藏藏16．．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽．掩蔽；掩蔽处处；避身；避身处处17．．damage n. & vt.损损失；失；损损害害18．．frighten vt.使使惊惊吓吓；；吓吓唬唬→frightened adj.受惊的受惊的,受恐吓的受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的令人恐惧的19．．judge n．．裁裁判判员员；；法法官官 vt.断断定定；；判判断断；；判判决决→judgement n．判断，判决．判断，判决20．． express vt.表表 示示 ；； 表表 达达 n.快快 车车 ；； 速速 递递→expression n．．表表达达→expressive adj.有有表表现现力的力的●重点短重点短语语1．．right away立刻立刻2．．at an end 结结束束3．．in ruins 成成为废为废墟墟4．．dig out 掘出；掘出；发现发现5．．a(great) number of 许许多；大量的多；大量的6．．give out 分分发发；；发发出出(气味、气味、热热等等)7．．thousands of 成千上万成千上万8．．think little of 不重不重视视；不假思索；不假思索9．．blow away 吹走；刮走吹走；刮走10．．be proud of 以以……而自豪而自豪11．．instead of 代替代替12．．be trapped in 陷入陷入……之中之中13．．be known for/as 因因为为/作作为为……出名出名14．．bring in 引引进进；引来；引来•1. earthquake n. 地震•Eg: It is reported that an earthquake broke out last night in Southeast Asia.•2. right away 立刻；马上•同义词： right now=at once=in no time=immediately•right now“立即，马上；此时此刻立即，马上；此时此刻”，相，相当于当于now1．．______ he is doing an operation on the patient; please don’t disturb him.A．．Right away B．．Right nowC．．In no time D．．At once答案：答案：B解析：四个短语都有解析：四个短语都有“立即，马上立即，马上”之意，但之意，但right now还还有有“现在，此时此刻现在，此时此刻”之意。

句意为：他目前正在给病人之意句意为：他目前正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他做手术，请不要打扰他 [即学即练即学即练7]　　(1)I want it to be sent ____________.马上把它发出去马上把它发出去2)He cleaned the room ____________.他立即开始打扫房间他立即开始打扫房间3)He’s not in the office ____________.他现在不在办公室他现在不在办公室right awayright awayright now•3. well •① n. 井•Eg: A book is a well of knowledge. • They dug a well . •② adj. 健康的•Eg: I hope you will get well soon.•③ adv. 熟练地，有效地•Eg: He plays the piano very well for his age.•4. smelly adj. 有臭味的，发臭的•Eg: His socks are smelly.•拓展：•blood ─ bloody cloud ─ cloudy•rain ─ rainy greed ─ greedy•词根：smell 可用作系动词或实义动词，用作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义动词时意为“闻”•Eg: You may smell the mixture and it smells terrible.smelly: smell+ y = adj. smell n./v (smelt/ smelled)2.They were all hungry and the food ______ good.3.I can ______ something burning in the kitchen.4.Please throw the _______ fish away.smeltsmellsmelly1. A ______ gas came ___ __ the cracks.smellyout of blood + -y = bloody rain + -y = rainy cloud + -y = cloudy wind + -y = windy snow + -y = snowy greed + -y = greedy dream+-y = dreamy taste+ -y = tasty ice + -y = icy fat + -y = fatty mud+ -y = muddy sun + -y = sunny fog + -y = foggy流血的流血的多云的多云的下雪的下雪的幻想的幻想的冷漠的，冰的冷漠的，冰的泥泞的泥泞的肥胖的肥胖的下雨的下雨的多风的多风的贪婪的贪婪的美味的美味的阳光灿烂的阳光灿烂的有雾的有雾的•5.burst•①v.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸•Eg: You are going to burst the balloon if you are not careful.• The balloon suddenly burst.•②v.猛冲；突然出现•Eg: He burst into the room without knocking.•burst into+ n.=burst out doing sth. 突然……起来 •eg: burst into laughter=burst out laughingeg: 她突然笑起来。

她突然笑起来 She burst out laughing. She burst into . 他突然大哭起来他突然大哭起来 He burst out crying. He burst into . n. 突然爆裂，爆发突然爆裂，爆发短语：短语：a burst of… 一阵一阵…eg: 一阵笑声一阵笑声laughtertearsa burst of laughter勃然大怒勃然大怒a burst of angerburst intoburst with闯入闯入充满充满1．．(2010·四川绵阳中学四川绵阳中学)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst ______ laughing while he burst ______ tears.A．．into; in B．．into; outC．．out; into D．．out; in答案：答案：C解析：考查固定搭配。

句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来解析：考查固定搭配句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来burst out laughing表示表示“突然大笑起来突然大笑起来”，，burst into tears表示表示“突然大哭起来突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配都是固定搭配6.. at an end 结束，终结结束，终结eg: 炎热的天气终于结束了炎热的天气终于结束了 The hot days are at an end at last. The hot days come to an end at last. be at an end = come to an end 结束结束短语：短语：put an end to…=bring…to an end 使使…结束结束eg: 他们应该结束战争他们应该结束战争 They should put an end to the war. They should bring the war to an end.辨析：辨析：at an end, in the end, at the end of, by the end of…………6. It seemed as if the world was __ ___ ___.at an endat the end of “在在…末端，终点，结尾末端，终点，结尾”表时表时间间by the end of 用于表示时间，用于表示时间，“到到……结束结束的时候的时候”，时态用完成时，时态用完成时; in the end=at last =finally 意思意思“最后、终于最后、终于”。

Compare: be at the end of =come to an end by the end of in the end1). at an end: 表示表示“终结，结束终结，结束”，与，与be动词连用动词连用eg: 战争结束了战争结束了 The war was at an end.= The war came to an end.2). in the end: 表示表示“最终，终于最终，终于”，，单独使用作单独使用作状语状语eg: 最终他们放弃了那项计划最终他们放弃了那项计划 They gave up the plan in the end. (at last)3). at the end of: 表示表示“在在…的尽头的尽头/末尾末尾”eg: 今年年底，我父亲要回家今年年底，我父亲要回家 My father will come home at the end of this year. He is at the end of his patience. 他已经忍耐到极限了。

他已经忍耐到极限了 [即学即练即学即练8]　　(1)The year is __________________.这一年已到年终了这一年已到年终了2)The meeting ________________________.会议结束了会议结束了3)Go straight and you’ll find the hospital ________________________ the road.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院at an endcame to an endat the end of1) . His father will return home ___________this year.2) . He will be a scientist __________.3) . How many English words had you learned ____________ last term?at the end ofin the endby the end ofas if 好像；似乎；仿佛。

好像；似乎；仿佛She was sitting there as if nothing had happened.7. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in_____.ruinsin ruins : 废墟废墟Compare: ruin ; destroy ; damage•拓展：•be in ruins 呈一片废墟 bring sth to ruin 使某物毁灭 bring sb to ruin 使某人破产 　　①①damage指部分指部分“损坏损坏”、、“损害损害”、、“破坏破坏”或指使用价值有所降低它可以用作或指使用价值有所降低它可以用作动词动词,也可以用作名词也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与用作名词时常与to something 连用The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 　　②②destroy 只能用作动词只能用作动词,指彻底破坏指彻底破坏,以致以致不可能修复不可能修复,常作常作“破坏破坏”、、“毁灭毁灭”解解,也也可以指希望、计划等打破。

可以指希望、计划等打破　　The earthquake destroyed the whole town. 　　　　injurehurtwoundharm指损害健康，成就，容指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失，貌等，强调功能的丧失，常指常指事故中事故中的伤害的伤害普通用语，既可指普通用语，既可指肉体肉体上的伤害，也可指上的伤害，也可指精神精神上，上，感情感情上的伤害上的伤害指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指皮肉之伤，尤指战场战场上上所受的伤所受的伤一般指伤害有生命的东一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤西，常指伤及人的健康，及人的健康，权利，事业权利，事业等等A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼一颗子弹伤了他的左眼I don’t want to hurt you.我不想伤害你我不想伤害你The soldier was wounded badly.这位士兵严重受伤这位士兵严重受伤Smoking seriously harmed his health.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康吸烟严重地损害了他的健康 [应用应用2]　　(1)The robber ___________ him with a knife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。

那强盗用刀刺伤了他2)These criticisms have ___________ his pride deeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害3)Two people have been badly ______ in the accident.有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了4)Don't ______ your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛woundedhurt/injuredinjuredharmTheir jokes _________ him deeply.Smoking will ________ his health.He was slightly ________ in the car accident.He got _________ in the fighting.What you said _____ my feeling.have hurtinjureinjuredwoundedhurt10.injure指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损伤 hurt普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可精神上，感情上的伤害 You hurt me! wound特指战场上受伤 9．．shock n. [U；；C]打击；震惊；震动；休克打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕使震惊，使惊愕be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊被震惊be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事惧怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear...看见看见/听到听到……使某人震惊。

使某人震惊be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击对某人来说是个打击shock ：：n. 打击；震惊，打击；震惊， 震动震动 be a shock to sb对某人是一种打击对某人是一种打击The news of his wife’s death was a terrible shock to him. –shocked adj. 惊愕的，感到震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的shocking : adj. 使人震惊的使人震惊的His passing the exam was shocking to his parents. [即学即练即学即练4]　　(1)The news of his wife's death was ________________________ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了2)He __________________ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊3)__________________ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。

震惊a terrible shock towas shocked atIt shocked me提示：提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人主语多为人)shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物主语多为物) rescue （1）） n. [C,U] 救援，救援，营营救；救援行救；救援行动动 eg: The rescue team made ten rescues in a week. （（2）） vt. 救援，拯救，解救救援，拯救，解救 搭配：搭配：rescue sb/sth from 把把……从从……（地方）解救出来（地方）解救出来 eg: They rescued the boy from the burning house.•a rescue team 救援救援队队 rescue worker 救援人救援人员员trap （（1）） vt. （（trapped）困住，关住，使陷入）困住，关住，使陷入危危险险中中 搭配：搭配：be trapped in 困在困在……中中 eg: The car was trapped in the deep snow. （（2）） n. [C]陷阱；困境；圈套，陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计诡计 eg: She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. •disaster n. 灾难，灾祸灾难，灾祸•Eg: The fire was a great disaster.•拓展：拓展： a traffic disaster 一起交通事故一起交通事故• natural disaster 自然灾害自然灾害• a disaster area 灾区灾区•dig out (dug) 挖出，翻找出挖出，翻找出•Eg: Why did you dig out those old magazines?．．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；掩埋；隐藏bury oneself in study 埋头研究埋头研究bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于专心致力于(做做)某事某事be buried in thoughts 沉思沉思bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面双手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隐居被活埋；隐居. bury vt. 埋葬，掩埋，隐藏埋葬，掩埋，隐藏eg: 她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。

她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边 She was buried beside her husband’s grave. 她双手捂着脸哭了起来她双手捂着脸哭了起来 She buried her face in her hands and cried.短语：短语：bury oneself in…=be buried in…. 专心于专心于…，， 埋首于埋首于… bend one’s mind/efforts/thoughts to… devote oneself to…=be devoted to… 专心于专心于…，献身于，献身于… be lost in… 陷入陷入…中中12. frighten vt. 使惊吓，吓唬使惊吓，吓唬 frightened adj. 受惊的，受恐吓的受惊的，受恐吓的 frightening adj. 令人恐惧的令人恐惧的短语：短语：be frightened at… 受受…惊吓，见惊吓，见…大吃一惊大吃一惊 be frightened of sb/sth 害怕某人害怕某人/某物某物同义词：同义词：shock 近义词：近义词：surprise•congratulation n. 祝贺；恭贺；贺词•搭配： offer/send one’s congratulations to sb on sth 因某事向某人表示祝贺•Eg: We offered our congratulations to him on his success.•congratulate vt.祝贺•搭配：congratulate sb on sth 因某事祝贺某人• congratulate oneself on sth/doing sth/that 暗自庆幸•Eg: I heartily congratulate myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.6．．judge v. 断定；判断；判决断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员裁判员；法官；评判员judgement n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力判断，审判，意见，判断力judging by/from 从从……上看，根据上看，根据……判断判断judge sb./sth. from/by... 从从……来判断来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为据我判断，我认为in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法依某人看来，按某人的看法[即学即练即学即练6]　　(1)Don't ______ a book ______ its cover. 勿以貌取人。

勿以貌取人2)______________ his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人根据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人3)He ________________________ the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员他被评为今年的最佳男演员judgebyJudging from/byWas judged to beⅠⅠ.单词拼写单词拼写1．．________________(祝祝贺贺) to you on your winning the contest.2．．Thousands of people died in the __________(灾灾难难)．．3．．His sudden death was a great _________ (震震惊惊) to his family.4．．He was one of the ________(裁判裁判员员) at the boxing match.5．．The car was ___________(陷陷入入) in the mud and couldn't get out.Congratulations　　disastershockjudgestrapped6．．The firemen r__________ three women from the burning house.7．．They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_____________.8．． Don't leave the lights on—it wastes e___________9．．The miners were b___________ alive when the tunnel collapsed.10．．He was too nervous to e__________ himself in front of the girl.rescuedshelterelectricityburiedexpress。