(精品)第006章非限定动词.doc

第六章非限定动词非限定动词是谓语的非谓语形式，不受人称和数的限制，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他任何成分非限定动词有三种：即不定式、动名词和分词第一节动词不定式不定式具有动词的性质，在句中可有自己的宾语，并可被状语所修饰同时还具有名词、形容词和副词的性质，在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、宾语补语、定语、状语等成分一、 动词不定式做主语1.不定式短语可放在句首作动词be, seem, appear等词的主语例如：To study the structure of the plant is necessary for every student learning agriculture.对学习农业的学生来说，研究农业的结构是非常必要的To become a good teacher was my hope.成为一名好老师是我的愿望2.在现代英语中，经常把代词it放在句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语（不定式）放在句末例如：It is impossible for her to buy the car with cash.要她用现金买那辆车是不可能的It took us three weeks to finish the work.我们花了三周时间才完成了那项工作。

It is very kind of you to help us.谢谢你来帮助我们of you是to help us是逻辑主语）二、 动词不定式作表语动词不定式可作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作例如：Our purpose is to finish the job in the tree weeks.我们的目的就是要在三周之内完成这项工作The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.邮递员的任务就是投递信件和报纸三、动词不定式作宾语1、英语中有一部分动词常跟不定式作宾语例如：she hopes to get something from the sales.她希望从贱卖中买到一些好东西I guarantee to pay off his debt.我保证付清他的债务The children refused to listen to me.这些小孩不肯听我的话常这样用的词有：agree同意 fail未能 promise保证afford担负得起 forget忘记 prove证明arrange安排 guarantee确保 refuse拒绝ask要求 happen碰巧 resolve决心attempt试图 hesitate犹豫 seek试图bother麻烦 hope希望 seem似乎care愿意 learn学会 tend倾向于choose愿意 long渴望 threaten威胁claim声称 manage设法 trouble麻烦consent同意 neglect忽视 try努力decide决定 offer提出 undertake承担demand要求 plan打算 volunteer志愿determine决定 prepare准备 want想要determined决心 pretend假装 wish希望endeavor努力 proceed继续2、如果动词不定式作宾语而又跟宾补，这时要用“it”作形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语的后面。

例如：I believed it wrong to tell it to her.我认为把这件事告诉她是错误的I feel it an honor to be asked to speak here.我很荣幸被邀请在此讲话三、 不定式作宾补1、有些动词后面常接不定式短语作宾语补足语例如：she wished those books to be returned sooner.她希望那些书能尽早归还My parents won’t allow me to stay out late.我的父母不允许我在外面待得很晚常这样用的动词的：advise劝告 command指挥 force迫使allow允许 encourage鼓励 instruct指示ask要求 entitle给¼¼权利 intend打算要beg请求 expect期望 invite邀请compel强迫 forbid禁止 like喜欢mean意欲 prefer宁愿 tempt引诱oblige迫使 remind提醒 urge激励order命令 request要求 want想要permit允许 teach教 wish希望persuade说服2、在某些动词短语vote for, call on, count on, rely on, depend on, long for, wait for等后面，也可以跟to不定式作补语。

例如：You can’t depend no him to come punctually.你不能指望他准时来We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的来临3、在think, consider, believe, find, feel, know, declare, guess, prove, suppose, imagine等词后面，常跟“to be+形容词（也可以是名词或反身代词）”结构，但是to be常可以省去例如：we sometimes imagine a desert island (to be) a sort of paradise, where the sun always shines.我们有时把荒岛想象成乐园一样的地方，那里终日阳光普照I consider him (to be) my best friend. 我将他视为我最好的朋友五、不定式作定语1、不定式用在the first, the second, the last, the only等短语后面作定语例如：He was the first to arrive. 他是第一个到的人。

She was the only one to survive the crash.她是这次失事中惟一的幸存者2、不定式常放在某些名词和代词后面作定语不定式作定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系，动宾关系、同位关系或动状关系等例如：I’m not sure which restaurant to eat at.我还没决定在哪家饭店吃饭动宾关系）We are in need of nurses to look after the children.我们需要保育员来照看这些孩子主谓关系）he gave me a week to make up my mind.他给我一周的时间来下决心动状关系）their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊同位关系）常这样用的名词有：ability能力 failure失败 refusal拒绝 agreement同意intention打算 reluctance不情愿 ambition雄心 hope希望resolution决定 anxiety焦急 need需要 tendency倾向attempt意图 plan计划 threat威胁 claim声明promise诺言 willingness愿意 decision决定 readiness愿意wish希望 determination决心3、如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加介词。

例如：They have no happiness to speak of.他们没有幸福可言Children use pencils to write with.孩子们用铅笔写字4、“介词+不定式”这一结构也可作定语，代替前面的中心词例如：I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people.我认为那是衡量人的一个合适的标准You have a number of topics from which to choose.你有许多题目可以选择六、动词不定式作状语1、不定式也可跟在某些形容词后面或动词后面作原因状语例如：she wept to see him in such a terrible state.看到他这种可怕的样子她就哭了He was an idiot not to have realized it.他真是个白痴，没有意识到这一点I have enjoyed my visit here. I’ll be very sorry to leave.我在这儿的访问很愉快，但遗憾的是我就要走了常跟不定式作原因状语的形容词有：happy幸福 astonished吃惊 surprised吃惊 glad高兴amazed吃惊 sad伤心 overjoyed极度高兴2、不定式作目的状语。

不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾；为了加强语气，也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”结构作目的状语in order to 既可放在句首也可放在句尾；so as to只能放在句尾例如：I worked hard in order for my son to go to hospital.我努力工作是为了让儿子上医院To/in order to master English, you must spend much effort on it.为了掌握英语，你必须花大力气They did anything in order to/so as to make money.为了赚钱他们什么都做3不定式可与其他词搭配作结果状语具体形式如下：（1）“too + adj. /adv. + to do”意为“太……而不能”例如：。