现在完成时3.ppt

Present perfect tense现在完成时现在完成时 强调动作是过去发生的 　　 强调对现在的影响或结果 　　 在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响 1.定义定义 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服　　（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）2.构成•have/has done (动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)•过去分词一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ” 　 　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited 　　以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ” 　live---lived---lived , 　　以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”•stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped •不规则动词： 　　AAA型 　 cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit 　 hurt hurt hurread read read 　　read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ ABA型 　　become became become 　　run ran run 　　come came come 　　ABB型 　　bring brought brought 　　buy bought bought 　　build built built 　　AAB型 　　beat beat beaten ABC型 　　begin began begun 　drive drove driven 　　drink drank drunk 　　3.基本结构：　　①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语. 　　②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语. 　　③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)+宾语. 　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 4.用法（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.　　I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.) 　　 Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱) 　　He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地) 　　（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for + 时段 …时间 　　②since + 过去一个时间点 自从……以来　　③since + 从句（过去时） 　　 It is + 时段 + since + 从句（过去时） 　　Mary has been ill for three days. 　　I have lived here since 1998. 　　(3) ever (曾经) 与 never(从不) “Has Anne ever been to Australia?”“Yes, once.” My mother has never travelled by air.(4) 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days, this morning/year, just, today, up to present, so far等：　　 Peter has written six papers so far. 　　 There has been too much rain in San Francisco（旧金山） this year. 　　5. 常用的时间状语有：常用的时间状语有：1)yet（否定、疑问句）（否定、疑问句）, already（肯定句）（肯定句）, just, recently(最近最近),ever, never2) since +一点时间或一点时间或从句（用过去时）从句（用过去时）3) for +一段时间一段时间 have gone to have been to have been inShe isn’t here. She has gone to the room.She has been to Shanghai twice/once/before.She has been in Beijing for two years. 去了某地，不在这里去了某地，不在这里 （人不在）（人不在） 曾经去过某地曾经去过某地,已回来已回来 （（ 人在）人在）呆在某地（多长时间）呆在某地（多长时间）6.用用have/has gone to, have/has been to或或have/has been in 填空。

填空1.Bill is on holiday at the moment. He __________ Spain.has gone to2. “Where’s Lily?” “She’s not here.I think she ____________ to the bank.”has gone to3. Hello, Sue. you __ the bank? ----Yes, I have.Have been to 4. Tim is in hospital. He ___________ hospital for five days. has been in7 延续性动词与瞬间（终止性）动词延续性动词与瞬间（终止性）动词 延续性动词延续性动词: 动作是一种延续的动作，动作是一种延续的动作， 这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响 如：如：work, live, know, learn, have, wait, sleep, keep, have, walk等。

等 终止性动词终止性动词: 非延续性动词、瞬间动词非延续性动词、瞬间动词，， 表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即 结束，产生结果如：结束，产生结果如：leave, arrive, die, come, go, buy, borrow, open, close, marry, join, begin, stop等 瞬间动词:其现在完成时不能和表示一段 时间的状语连用: for和since的短语误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正： He died three years ago. 1) since +过去一个去一个时间点　点　(如具体的年、月、日期、如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、点、1980, last month, half past six)　　 I have been here since 1989/last May/9 o’clock.2) since +一段一段时间+ ago　　 I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句从句(过去时）过去时）　　　　 Great changes have taken place since you left.4) It is +一段一段时间+ since从句从句 It is two years since I became a student. It has been two years since I became a student.8 since的四种用法的四种用法9. It is( has been) +时间时间 +since… 多长时间多长时间+have(has) passed +since… 1) He came here three months ago.= He has been here for three months.= He has been here since three months ago.= It is three months since he came here. = It has been three months since he came here.= Three months has passed since he came here.1））It is the first / second time…. that…从句从句:用用现在完成在完成　　 A It is the first time that I have visited the cityB It is the third time that the boy has been late. 2））This is the… that… 从句从句:用用现在完成在完成时.A This is the best film that I‘ve (ever) seen.B This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　　11 用用现在完成在完成时的两个句型的两个句型•典型例题(1) ---Do you know our town at all（究竟）?　　 ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.A. was　 B. have been　 C. came　 D. am coming • (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?　 ---No, it's the first time I ____ here.A. even, come B. even, have come•C. ever, come D. ever, have comeBD。