梅尔维尔作品写作风格简介.ppt

•Major Works•Writing styleNovels •1846 -《泰比 》Typee •1847 -《奥穆 》Omoo•1849 -《雷得本 》Redburn• 《玛地》 Mardi•1850- 《白外衣 》White-Jacket•1851 -《 白鲸》 Moby Dick/The Whale •1852 -《皮埃尔》Pierre•1856 -《伊斯雷尔·波特》 Israel Potter•1857 -《骗子的化装表演》The Confidence-Man • 1924 -《比利·巴德》 Billy Budd•Short story collections :•1856 -《广场故事》The Piazza Tales •Short stories:•1853 -《代笔者巴特贝》Bartleby, the • Scrivener •1856-《班尼托·西兰诺》Benito Cereno •1854 -《迷惘的岛屿》Enchanted Isles Poetry •1866 -《战事集》 Battle Pieces and • Aspects of the War •1876 《克拉瑞尔》 Clarel•1888 《约韩·玛尔和其他水手》 JohnMarr • and Other Sailors •1891 《梯摩里昂》 Timoleon •“波里尼西亚三部曲”是麦尔维尔在19世纪40年代创作的作品：最初的长篇小说《泰比》、《奥穆》、 《玛地》都是以他在南太平洋的生活为依据写成。

其中《泰比》描写了他在马克萨斯岛上的食人部落泰比人的惊险经历，揭示了资本主义文明给当地土著人的淳朴生活带来的破坏，因此受到教会的谴责 •《奥穆》是一部既算不上严格意义上的自传也不全是虚构，而是一部“融冒险、轶事、人种学和社会批评于一体的著作”，描写作者远航南海和与马克萨斯群岛的食人生番为伍的经历，不管麦尔维尔在南海漂泊时的所见所闻有没有真实性可言，他至少经历了一个与自己生活时代不同的社会，即波里尼西亚殖民社会 •《 玛地》是麦尔维尔创作的第三部南海小说，也是其“波里尼西亚三部曲”的压卷之作在这部小说中，麦尔维尔假托虚构的国家讽刺了美国的民主制和南部盛行的蓄奴制 •1851年完成的长篇小说《白鲸》 (即《莫比·迪克》)是麦尔维尔的代表作这是一部寓意丰富、深刻、笔触雄浑的长篇小说它记述在19世纪上半叶美国捕鲸业蓬勃发展的年代，从事捕鲸业40年的裴圭特号捕鲸船船长亚哈在同一条巨大凶猛的白鲸莫比·迪克搏斗中船破身亡的经历，反映出作者对当时资本主义巨大发展的疑虑和惶恐心情 •《白鲸》与福克纳的《熊》、海明威的《老人与海》一起被誉为美国文学史上的三大动物史诗 。

•In Melville’s fiction, man lives in a world divided into two warring（敌对的） parts: good against evil, God against Satan（撒旦，魔鬼）, the “head” against the “heart”. There is no way to overcome the opposites. Melville has a tragic view of life（人生观）: he seems to feel that the universe itself is working against human happiness and peace of mind（内心的宁静）. Melville and Emersonian Transcendentalism: Anti-transcendentalism Melville set himself against the optimism of Emerson and the Transcendentalist, challenged Conformity（一致性）（一致性）, and rejected the American mind in the 1800s.”•Realistic•Melville wrote stories that were very realistic. His stories frequently dealt with(涉及）涉及）depictions (描描写写)of life on the sea. The majority of his writing was based on personal experiences while aboard whaling ships（捕鲸船）（捕鲸船）. Melville wrote with a style that was his own, intermingling（混合）（混合） fact ，，fiction, and subtle symbolism. His writing style was unfamiliar to the literature of the time; he allowed his stories to “ebb and flow”（起伏）（起伏） rather than simply follow one plot. Writing Style Philosophical ，，intellectualand symbolic•Unlike most realists, however, he laced （交织在一起（交织在一起)his stories with philosophical and intellectual issues and explored them through realistic descriptions which also functioned as symbols. Melville wasn‘t much concerned with describing the psychology of his characters, but instead with telling a realistic story with intellectual undertones（潜在）（潜在）。