陕西科技大学硕士学位论文.doc

专业学位硕士论文专业学位硕士论文ThesisThesis forfor MasterMaster’s s DegreeDegree建筑垃圾制砖节能减排研究建筑垃圾制砖节能减排研究杜曼清 指导教师姓名：张昌松 副教授 学 位 类 别：工学硕士 学 科 专 业：机械制造及其自动化 论文提交日期：二 0 一四年三月 论文答辩日期：二 0 一四年五月 学位授予单位：陕西科技大学 答辩委员会主席： 评阅人：论文分类号： 3学校代码： 10708学 号： z110515申请工学硕士工学硕士学位论文论文题目：建筑垃圾制砖节能减排研究建筑垃圾制砖节能减排研究研究方向：研究方向：机械制造及其自动化培养单位：培养单位：职业教育师范学院硕士生：硕士生：杜曼清导导 师：师：张昌松 副教授2014 年 3 月陕西科技大学专业学位论文Construction waste brick making research on energy saving and emission reductionShaanxi University of Science and Technologyin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofMaster of Engineering ScienceBy Manqing DuSupervisor: Prof. Changsong ZhangMay 2014I建筑垃圾制砖节能减排研究建筑垃圾制砖节能减排研究摘摘 要要中国是烧结砖瓦的发明国，中国古人是在7300多年前发明了砖，而在4900年前发明了瓦，先后传到中东和印度，由罗马军团传到英国和西欧各地，最后又由英国人传到美洲新大陆。

墙体材料是建筑中最主要的砌筑材料，构成建筑的主体部分我国烧制使用素有“秦砖汉瓦”实心粘土砖已有2000多年,这对生态环境的破坏和能源的浪费的确触目惊心!据统计， 全国砖瓦企业共有14万多家， 每年生产的标准砖7500多亿块， 大约浪费粘土18．5亿立方米，而每年毁坏的土地约150万亩，每年消耗燃煤7500万吨，大约占全国总能耗的18%粘土砖高能耗、污染大、低效益的落后生产工艺，对我国愈来愈少的土地资源造成了极大的浪费，对周围生态环境造成了一定程度的破坏本文分析了国内外墙体材料发展趋势，以及我国再生资源的利用问题，对建筑垃圾成分通过陕西省新型节能墙材装备工程研究中心实验室进行可行性化学分析研究，提出并研究了利用建筑垃圾、煤矸石和等固体废弃物用来生产新型墙体材料，节约粘土资源、保护耕地，从而降低砖瓦行业对资源和能源的消耗针对制砖生产过程中烟气的排放和浪费燃煤等存在问题，本文通过对制砖工艺流程各环节全面系统的分析研究，提出采用清洁化生产工艺,在制砖生产线上加装烧结砖瓦的烟气净化设备，减少烟尘、SO2,CO2等温室气体排放，推进建材行业的节能减排，真正做到节地、节能、利废、环保从而净化人们的生存空间，造福于人类社会。

此外，以建筑垃圾为原料制砖时往往存在的颗粒大、杂质多，硬度高，塑性过低等缺陷，本文通过对制砖设备某些结构进行改型优化设计，从而解决了制砖机在对原料的搅拌、挤压成型过程中，建筑垃圾对制砖机的主要部件绞刀、机口、齿轮等零件的过载和磨损加剧和损坏等问题，同时也延长了设备使用寿命，极大地提高了生产效率最后，本文还研究了制砖时给原料中添加含有一定可燃物的煤矸石等工业废渣作为生产砖坯的掺配料, 充分利用工业废渣中残留的煤炭等可燃物, 开发推广生产内燃空心砖,从而满足烧砖对热量的需求, 达到提高制砖质量、增加产量和节约能源、提高企业经济效益的目的节能减排项目的实施一方面通过节能降耗，降低生产成本，给企业从而带来丰厚的利润；另一方面也缓解能源供给，节能减排，净化人们的生存空间，造福于人类社会关键词：关键词：建筑垃圾，制砖，节能减排，研究IA Research Report on Construction Waste Made into Bricksfor Energy Saving and Emission ReductionAbstractIt was in China that vitrified bricks and tiles were invented. Ancient Chinese invented bricks more than 7300 years ago, then tiles about 4900 years ago. Gradually, they were spread to the Middle East and India. And then they were taken to the UK and west European areas by the Rome army, finally to the New Continent of America by the British. The wall material is the main building material in building and it also is the main part of the building. We have used baked solid clay brick, which is known as “Qin bricks and Han tiles ” in Chinese for more than 2000 years, which has been badly destroyed the ecological environment and has heavily wasted energy. According to the statistics, there are over 14000 brick and tile enterprises in China. Annual production is about 7500 billion standard bricks, about 1.85 billion cubic meters of clay is wasted and about 1.5 million acres of land is destroyed every year. What’s more, the annual consumption of coal is 75 million tons, which is 18% of total national energy consumption. So we can say the production of clay bricks is high energy consumed, heavily polluted and lower efficient. Such outmoded production technology has only increased more waste of China's less and less land resources and also made certain damage to the surrounded ecological environment. This paper analyzes the development trend of wall materials at home and abroad, studies the problem of making use of recycled resources in our country. After making a feasibility and chemistry analysis and research of construction waste’s composition in the laboratory of Shaanxi Province New Energy-saving Wall Materials Equipment Engineering Research Center, we has proposed that construction waste, coal stone and other solid wastes should be used to make new wall materials. If so, it can save clay resources, protect the arable land. At the same time, it can decrease resources and energy’s consumption of the brick IIand tile industry In order to settle the problems of waste gas emission and coal waste in the production of bricks, the paper states the clean production technology，which is based on the systematical analysis and study all aspects of brick making process. That is adding purification equipment to the bricks making assembly. It can lower smoke, dust, SO2, CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions and impel the movement of energy saving and emission reduction in the building materials industry. It makes energy saving and emission reduction, waste utilization, environmental protection really come true. So such technology helps to purify people's living space and bring benefits to the society. In addition, when we use construction waste as raw materials of making bricks, there are many shortcomings such as large particles, impurities, high hardness, low plasticity and so on. We improved and reformed some structures of bricks making machine. So the new machine can decrease the overload, wear, damage of gear and brick cutter. Of course, the improvement can prolong the service life of the machine and greatly enhance the production efficiency. Finally, this paper also studies coal stone and other industrial wastes containing combustible matter as mixed ingredients, whic。