第13讲定语从句-初高中英语教材衔接(共15页).doc

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上【知识衔接】————初高中课程解读————初中课程高中课程 初中英语中，要求了解定语从句的相关概念握关系代词的基本用法，会根据从句的成分选择合适的关系副词初步了解非限制性定语从句高中英语中，要求了解代词和关系副词引导定语从句的区别掌握介词+关系词引导定语从句的用法掌握非限制性定语从句的引导词用法————初中知识回顾————一. 定语从句的相关概念(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语，宾语，whose定语)常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 whereThe student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。

二. 几个关系代词的基本用法1. that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?2. You can take anything ( that) you like. 3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.5. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.2. which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.3. who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

1. I like the students who/that work hard. 2. All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)3. Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.5. Id like a room whose window faces south. =Id like a room of which the window faces south. =Id like a room the window of which faces south.三．关系副词引导的定语从句1. When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.2. Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 3. Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导如：1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.2. I dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语） 3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）四．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书Beijing, which has been Chinas capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句见上句翻译）比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Toms father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.————高中知识链接————一．关系代词作介词宾语： （介词+ whom / which）关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。

1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置look at, look for, look after, take care of等)二．关系副词引导定语从句重点1. When先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语） 3. I shall never forget the day when Shen ZhouⅤ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.2. Where 先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语 比较: ※1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.3. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where hes likely to lose control of the plane.4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）3. Why注意：当先行词为way时，the way在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。

the way在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you.三．用that不用which 的情况在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里。