高中英语语法精讲(Unit13Healthyeating)大纲人教版第一册.doc

语法精讲Modal Verbs(1)情态动词—had better,should,ought to1.had better1)had better无人称和数的变化，后接不带to的动词不定式，表“义务”或“建议”，语气比should 或ought to更委婉常译作“最好……”“还是……好”等，可用于第一、二、三人称否定式为had better no...,疑问式为Had I/you better...?否定疑问式为Had+sb.+better not...?或Hadn’t+sb.+better...?We/You/He had better write it down.我们/你/他最好把它记下来You had better not ask her about it.你最好不要问她那件事—Had you better go at once?—Yes,we had better.No,we’d better not.2)had better的祈使句形式为Better do sth.Better get up at once.你最好立刻起床3）had better have done sth.用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表达相反的含义。

You had better have started earlier.你当时最好早点出发You had better not have scolded her.你当时没责备她就好了 2.should1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事You should write to your parents once a month.你应该每月给你父母亲写一封信2）表示对某种情况的估计，极有可能发生This book should be published in two months.这本书两个月后就会出版的3）表示惊讶、失望等情绪It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.这件事竟然发生在我身上，似乎太不公平了4）should have done表示对过去的虚拟“本来应该做而没做……”You should have worked harder in senior middle school.在高中的时候你本来应该更努力地学习3.ought to1）ought to无人称和时态的变化，可表示义务、要求或劝告，常译作“应该”“应当”等，语气比should稍重些，常表示客观情况，否定式为ought not to(oughtn’t to)，疑问式为Ought I/you to,...?We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland.我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。

Oughtn’t you to give us a chance to try?你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗？2）表示极有可能发生某事Make your enemy your friend.化敌为友If we set off right now,we ought to be able to get there on time.如果我们马上出发，我们应当能够按时到达那里考例1】（2006四川高考，34）—Do you mind my smoking here?—___________.A.No,thanksB.No.Good ideaC.Yes,pleaseD.Yes.Better not解析：A、B、C三项答语都自相矛盾，题意为：“你介意我在这儿吸烟吗？”“是的（我介意），你最好别吸答案：D【考例2】—_________ I go home now,sir?—No,you _________.You should finish the composition first.A.Might;wouldn’tB.May;had better notC.Must;mustn’t D.Need;mustn’t解析：may的一般疑问句形式，根据句子的意义，否定回答可使用had better not。

答案：B【考例3】(2006江苏高考，21)—I think I’ll give Bob a ring.—You _________.You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.A.willB.mayC.have to D.should解析：should意为“应该”，多表示某事宜做，应当做或必须做，强调主观方面根据所提供的情景可判断出由于多年没有联系，应该给Bob打will意为“将”；may意为“可以”;have to意为“不得不”，表示因客观原因不得不做某事答案：D【考例4】(2006南京一模)Well,I could never imagine an honest boy like John _________ cheat in the exam!A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might解析：考查情态动词的用法should与第三人称连用，表示吃惊、愤怒、失望等语气答案：B【考例5】(2006重庆一模)—There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching-building there.—Really?It ________ be a fire,most probably.A.canB.ought to　C.have to　D.must解析：考查情态动词。

由most probably 可知说话人的话气并不非常肯定，所以用ought to表示推测，语气比must弱一些，给自己留有一些余地答案：B。