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高中英语语法虚拟语气.ppt

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    • The subjunctive mood The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气    英语有三种不同的语气英语有三种不同的语气:    陈述语气陈述语气,祈使语气祈使语气和和虚拟语气虚拟语气1.陈述语气陈述语气(The indicative Mood) 陈述事实陈述事实, 提出看法提出看法形式有肯定,否定,疑问,感叹句形式有肯定,否定,疑问,感叹句  I am not interested in what you said.  Have you ever been to France?  What a splendid palace! ¡2.祈使祈使语气气(The Imperative Mood)¡表表请求,邀求,邀请,命令,警告或,命令,警告或劝告等告等.¡ Let’s have a talk. Don’t jump in the queue. 虚拟语气虚拟语气¡虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。

      虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念   一、一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟语气在条件句中If+主语主语+did((be动词用动词用were)主语主语+should,would,might,could++doIf+主语主语+had done主语+主语+should, would, might, could++have done1、、If+主语主语+did2、、If+主语主语+were to+ do3、、If+主语主语+should +do主语+主语+should, would might, could++do eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting.                If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train.          If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你,我就会如果我是你,我就会更更努力学习.努力学习.如果我知道他的号码如果我知道他的号码的话的话,我就给他打了.,我就给他打了.如果明天下雨的话,我们会取消比赛.如果明天下雨的话,我们会取消比赛.If I were you, I would study harder.If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.If it should \were to rain, we would call off/cancel the match.More practice: What would you do if you won the lottery?If I won the lottery, I would…If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world. If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa. a. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _____ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. c. If the policeman ________ (be not) in that room, it ________ (be) very dangerous.d. If I ____ (be) in your position, I _________ (ask) for the teacher’s help.were notcould bewerewould ask If he __________(drive) more carefully, he ________________(have)the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had If I ________ (learn) how to swim,I __________________ (be) trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been a. If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it already.b. If you _______ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad got/gottenwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks. c. If I _______ (meet) you yesterday, we ______________ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have gone If he got up early, he would be on time. 假如他来了, 我们对他说什么呢?If he were to come, what should we say to him.假如他看见我, 就会认识我。

      If he should see me, he would know me. a. If there ________ (be) no natural resource any more, we ___________ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What ____________ (happen) if you ____________ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks c. If Robots _____________ (control) the world some day, here ________ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be 真实条件句时态关系 条件状从   主句 一般现在时 shall/will + V原If he comes, he will bring his violin.a.虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。

      b. 真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的, 采用陈述语气 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. will rain  B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B 真实条件句主句为将来时, 从句用一般现在时 ATTENTION:1)在真在真实条件句中条件句中,主句不用主句不用be going to表将来表将来, 而用而用shall/will. (wrong) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (correct) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2) 表示表示真理真理时时,主句主句谓语动词不用谓语动词不用shall (will) +V原原,而直接而直接用一般现用一般现在时 使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:1.当条件状从当条件状从的动作的动作和主句的和主句的动作动作所发生的时间不所发生的时间不一致时,一致时,叫做叫做::错综时间条件句错综时间条件句 2.动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.整.If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果如果你听我你听我的建议,你现在就会痊愈了.的建议,你现在就会痊愈了.如果你努力学习的话,你现在就会是大学生了如果你努力学习的话,你现在就会是大学生了.. If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now. 2. if从句中,省略从句中,省略if ,将,将were,,had,,should提前,位提前,位于句首,形成倒装结构。

      于句首,形成倒装结构   not不能放在前面不能放在前面If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again,   I would study harder.If I had not seen him then, I wouldn't have been very happy.Had I not seen him then, I wouldn't have been very happy.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,  we would not go climbing.  3 3、含蓄虚拟语气、含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中通过其它有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中通过其它手段来代替条件句手段来代替条件句常用常用介词介词withwith,,withoutwithout,,but forbut for(要不是);(要不是);连连词词oror,,butbut;;副词副词otherwiseotherwise或或in that case(in that case(如果如果是那样的话是那样的话) )。

      1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was busy then.=If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.2. Without/But for his help, we wouldn’t have made such great progress. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.A.drove; didn’t getB.drove; wouldn’t getC.were driving; wouldn’t getD.had driven; wouldn’t have got ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge.A.Were                        B. Should C.Would                      D. Will  If you ______ with George earlier, you _____ so angry now.A.talked; would not beB.had talked; would not beC.would talk; would not beD.had talked; would not have been If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _____ so seriously now.A.is not pollutedB.would not be pollutedC.had not been pollutedD.would not have been polluted Without electricity, human being life ______ quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would be But for his help, I ______.A.should not have succeededB.have not succeededC.did not succeedD.had not succeeded He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _____ a goal.A.had scoredB.scoredC.would scoreD.would have scored — Why didn’t you buy it?— I ______ but I didn’t have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought 二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用((1)用于宾语从句)用于宾语从句1、1、wish后面的宾语从句中。

      后面的宾语从句中 一般用虚拟语气,表示一种一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望不可能实现的愿望其谓其谓语动词形式为:语动词形式为:表现在 表现在 did/were表过去 表过去 had done表将来 表将来 would, might, could++doI wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I would\could/might go.                                          I wish (that)he________________(visit) us tomorrow.I wish (that) he_________(visit)us today.I  wish he____________________________(visit) us yesterday. would /could /might visitvisitedhad visited 2.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。

      用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句insist,(一坚持一坚持) order, command,(二命令二命令) suggest, advise, propose,(三建议三建议) require, request, demand, desire(四要求四要求) .We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should)  go with them.注意:注意:suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“时,时,insist 表表示示”坚持认为坚持认为“时,用陈述语气时,用陈述语气The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱. 注意:注意:suggest:表明,暗示表明,暗示 陈述述语气气 建建议 虚虚拟语气气Her pale face suggested that she _____((be)ill and that she ________________(send) to hospital immediately.Insist::坚持持说,,坚持持认为 陈述述语气气 坚持主持主张,,坚持要求持要求 虚虚拟语气气He insisted that he ____________(not steal) the money and insisted that he _____________(set) free.was(should) be senthadn’t stolen(should) be set The officer gave the order that nothing ____ until the people arrived. A. didn’t touch B. touched C. be touched D. touch     在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request  等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“should++do”  should可以省略.可以省略.((2)用于表语从句和同位语从句)用于表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that sb. should + do1.我们有必要出去散散步。

      我们有必要出去散散步 It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 2  她这样做是很自然的她这样做是很自然的 It’s natural that she should do so. 3  重要的是我们要照顾好病人重要的是我们要照顾好病人 It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. ((3)虚拟语气在)虚拟语气在  在主语从句中在主语从句中 B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required….that sb. (should ) doIt is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在在 It  is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that….. Sb. (should )+do It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. It is strange that he didn’t come yesterday.It is a pity that she can’t sing.It is strange that the lazy boy _____ pass the exam. A. has                        B. should C. would                    D. might   1. It is (high / about ) time that sb should do /did sth.三、虚拟语气在其他从句中三、虚拟语气在其他从句中It is high time that you went  / should go to school.2. If only (要是...该有多好啊(要是...该有多好啊)If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday! I’m getting tired; it’s time we _____ home. A. go                          B. are going C. went                      D. should be going 3. would rather + 从句 从句 现在现在/将来将来  did    过去过去 had doneI would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. as if / as though(好像)(好像)+从句从句与现在相反与现在相反       did/were与过去相反与过去相反       had done与将来相反与将来相反       would/could/might+ do He looks as if he were an artist.He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.(区分区分even if/though) 注意:若表示的确有某种可能注意:若表示的确有某种可能(尤指天气)尤指天气),,也可不用虚拟语气。

      也可不用虚拟语气Eg. Look! The clouds are gathering.It looks as if it’s going to rain .When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 5. even if ( even though)即使 即使 Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you. 6.当in case, lest, for fear that等引导状 语从句时, 从句用(should)+doeg. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. I shall ring you up lest you (should) forget to come. I took an umbrella along with me for fear that it should/might rain. 在此类情况中, in case引导状语从句也可不用虚拟语气, 如: eg. Take your umbrella, in case it rains.           四四 情态动词情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做本来应该做 - - -shouldn’t / ought not to have done 本不该做本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。

      你本不应该告诉她真相You shouldn’t have told her the truth .needn’t have done 本不必做本不必做 - - -  比较:比较:didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户我兄弟做了我没必要擦窗户我兄弟做了I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做本来会去做----我没有足够的钱.否则我会买那本书的.我没有足够的钱.否则我会买那本书的.I didn’t have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book. Choose the best answer:1.It is strange that  the little boy _____ speak two foreign languages.   A. could  b. can  C. should  D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment ____ before 5:30pm.   A. be finished  B.will finish  C. must be finished3.He _____ you more help,even though he was very busy.  A, might have given B. might give  C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there ____no New China.  A.would be  B. has been C. should be  D.wasCAAA 5. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.A.had been           B. has been                  C. was                  D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.A. did; set                        B. had done; should be set   C. should do; be set       D. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A.are                B. were            C. would be   D. would have been8. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would      B. should have        C. may      D. have BBcA 虚拟语气高考链接1.——Alice,why didn’t you come yesterday? ——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET) A.had B.would C.was going to D.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文,因为乙方没有去。

      B选项若为would have则成立,可以理解为I would have come if I hadn’t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式但此处是would,故应排除只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的,但是有不速之客造访”这一意思 2.If there were no subjunctive,English______much easier. (NMET) A.will be B.would have been C.could have been D.would be析:观察题干,可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气故答案为D 虚拟语气高考链接3. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET) A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey析:根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律,可定正确答案是B 虚拟语气高考链接4. I wish I _____ you yesterday. A.seen B.did see C.had seen D.were to see 析:此题表与过去事实相反的原望,答案应为C。

      5. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET) A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 析:without引出一个含蓄条件句,主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,故答案为D 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET) A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析;放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的,但实际上并非如此,因此是与现在的事实相反,这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时,故答案为C 虚拟语气高考链接 7. _____ it _____ for your help,I couldnt have made any progress. A.Had;not been B.Should;not be C.Did;not be D.Not;be析:根据主句谓语形式,可知从句要用had done形式,故应选A,Had it not been for your help=If it had not been for your help.(要不是你帮忙的话)虚拟语气高考链接 虚拟语气1.Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London.   A. would have missed    B. had missed   C. would miss                 D. missed2. If I knew you were coming, I ___ you at the airport.    A. had met                   B. met    C. would meet              D. would have metExercisesAD 虚拟语气3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.)   A. listened              B. had listened   C. should listen      D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house.    A. sell                    B. sold    C. shall sell            D. would sell5. I wish this bus ___ to the university.     A. go                     B. went     C. has gone          D. had goneBAB 虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well.   A. get    B. getting   C. got   D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there.   A. had been   B. were   C. was   D. been8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then.    A. would lend        B. would have lent    C. could lend         D. may have lentCAB 虚拟语气9. – Have you ever been to Beijing?    -- No, but I wish I ___.   A. have    B. will    C. do    D. had10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __.    A. will go    B. went   C. go   D. must go11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __. A. breaks            B. has broken      C. were broken   D. had been brokenDBC 。

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