单区域OSPF协议及SPF算法.pptx

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,,*,Content,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,,,,,,北京八维网络工程学院,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,路由,原,原理,第二,课,课,单,单,区,区域,OSPF,协议,及,及,SPF,算法,课程,目,目标,通过,本,本课,的,的学,习,习，,让,让学,生,生掌,握,握,OSPF,的特,性,性，,OSPF,单区,域,域基,本,本配,置,置，,并,并了,解,解,spf,算法,的,的特,点,点,,本课,内,内容,1.1,：单,区,区域,OSPF,协议,的,的配,置,置以,及,及工,作,作机,制,制,1.2,：什,么,么是,最,最短,路,路径,优,优先,算,算法,（,（,SPF,）,,OSPF,单区,域,域配,置,置,routerospf,process-id,[vrf,vpn-name,],Router(config)#,开启,OSPF,路由,进,进程,OSPF,基本,配,配置,network,ip-addresswildcard-mask,area,area-id,Router(config-router)#,定义,OSPF,将运,行,行在,哪,哪个,接,接口,Router(config-if)#,ipospf,process-id,area,area-id,[secondariesnone],在指,定,定的,接,接口,启,启用,OSPF,单区域实,验,验要求,任务：,OSPF,单区域的,配,配置,配置,loopback,地址作为,路,路由器的,ID,配置,OSPF,的进程并,在,在相应的,接,接口上启,用,用,完,成,成,标,标,准,准,可,以,以,ping,通,各,各,路,路,由,由,器,器,的,的,loopback,地,址,址,showrun,时,可,可,以,以,查,查,看,看,到,到,每,每,台,台,路,路,由,由,器,器,所,所,属,属,的,的,区,区,域,域,,,OSPFRouterID,运,行,行,OSPF,的,路,路,由,由,器,器,之,之,间,间,是,是,通,通,过,过,OSPF,的,routerID,来,相,相,互,互,识,识,别,别,的,的,LSDBs,使,用,用,OSPFrouterID,来,区,区,分,分,路,路,由,由,器,器,默,认,认,，,，,OSPF,的,routerID,是,使,使,用,用,被,被,激,激,活,活,的,的,接,接,口,口,的,的,最,最,高,高,的,的,ip,地,址,址,如,果,果,有,有,loopbackinterface,那,么,么,它,它,将,将,成,成,为,为,OSPFrouterID,如,果,果,有,有,多,多,个,个,loopbackinterface,那,么,么,将,将,选,选,择,择,其,其,中,中,ip,地,址,址,最,最,大,大,的,的,可,以,以,使,使,用,用,命,命,令,令,配,配,置,置,指,指,定,定,的,的,OSPFrouter-id,Router(config)#interfaceloopback0,Router(config-if)#ipaddress172.16.17.5255.255.255.255,如,果,果,OSPF,的,进,进,程,程,已,已,经,经,运,运,行,行,的,的,时,时,候,候,，,，,想,想,更,更,改,改,RouterID,则,必,必,须,须,要,要,重,重,新,新,启,启,动,动,OSPF,的,进,进,程,程,，,，,才,才,能,能,使,使,新,新,的,的,RouterID,生,效,效,LoopbackInterfaces,router-id,ip-address,配,置,置,OSPFrouter-id,命,令,令,Router(config-router)#,Router(config)#routerospf1,Router(config-router)#router-id172.16.1.1,,Router#clearipospfprocess,clearipospfprocess,Router#,,OSPFRouter ID,验证,RouterB#ship ospf,Routing Process"ospf 50"withID 10.64.0.2,,,Number ofareasin this routeris 2. 2 normal0 stub 0nssa,Number ofareastransit capable is0,External floodlistlength 0,AreaBACKBONE(0),AreaBACKBONE(0),Areahas no authentication,SPF algorithm last executed 00:01:25.028ago,SPF algorithm executed 7times,,,Area1,Number ofinterfacesin this area is 1,Areahas no authentication,SPF algorithm last executed 00:00:54.636ago,SPF algorithm executed 3times,,showip protocols,Router#,OSPF,的检验,showip routeospf[,process-id,],Router#,showip ospf interface[,typenumber,],Router#,showip ospf,Router#,OSPF,的检验,showip ospf neighbor[,typenumber,] [,neighbor-id,] [detail,],Router#,,例,：,showip route ospf,RouterA#showip route ospf,10.0.0.0/8is variably subnetted, 3subnets,2 masks,OIA10.2.1.0/24[110/782]via10.64.0.2,00:03:05,FastEthernet0/0,RouterA#,例,：,showipospfinterface,,RouterA#showipospfinterfacefastEthernet0/0,FastEthernet0/0isup,lineprotocolisup,InternetAddress10.64.0.1/24,Area0,ProcessID1,RouterID10.64.0.1,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:1,TransmitDelayis1sec,StateDROTHER,Priority0,DesignatedRouter(ID)10.64.0.2,Interfaceaddress10.64.0.2,Nobackupdesignatedrouteronthisnetwork,Timerintervalsconfigured,Hello10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmit5,oob-resynctimeout40,Helloduein00:00:04,SupportsLink-localSignaling(LLS),Index1/1,floodqueuelength0,Next0x0(0)/0x0(0),Lastfloodscanlengthis1,maximumis4,Lastfloodscantimeis0msec,maximumis4msec,NeighborCountis1,Adjacentneighborcountis1,Adjacentwithneighbor10.64.0.2(DesignatedRouter),Suppresshellofor0neighbor(s),,例,:Theshowipospfneighbor,RouterB#showipospf,neighbor,,NeighborIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface,10.64.0.10FULL/DROTHER00:00:3010.64.0.1FastEthernet0/0,10.2.1.10FULL/-00:00:3410.2.1.1Serial0/0/1,,RouterB#showipospf,neighbordetail,Neighbor10.64.0.1, interfaceaddress 10.64.0.1,Inthearea0 viainterfaceFastEthernet0/0,Neighborpriorityis0,StateisFULL,16statechanges,DRis10.64.0.2BDR is 0.0.0.0,,,Neighbor10.2.1.1,interface address10.2.1.1,Inthearea1 viainterfaceSerial0/0/1,Neighborpriorityis0,StateisFULL,6 state changes,DRis0.0.0.0 BDRis0.0.0.0,,Dijkstra,算法,Dijkstra,算法是,路,路由表,计,计算的,依,依据，,通,通过,Dijkstra,算法可,以,以得到,有,有关网,络,络节点,的,的最短,路,路径树,，,，然后,由,由最短,路,路径优,先,先树得,到,到路由,表,表。

SPF,算法有,时,时也被,称,称为,Dijkstra,算法，,这,这是因,为,为最短,路,路径优,先,先算法,SPF,是,Dijkstra,发明的,Dijkstra,算法,SPF,算法将,每,每一个,路,路由器,作,作为根,（,（,ROOT,）来计,算,算其到,每,每一个,目,目的地,路,路由器,的,的距离,，,，每一,个,个路由,器,器根据,一,一个统,一,一的数,据,据库会,计,计算出,路,路由域,的,的拓扑,结,结构图,，,，该结,构,构图类,似,似于一,棵,棵树，,在,在,SPF,算法中,，,，被称,为,为最短,路,路径树,在,OSPF,路由协,议,议中，,最,最短路,径,径树的,树,树干长,度,度，即,OSPF,路由器,至,至每一,个,个目的,地,地路由,器,器的距,离,离，称,为,为,OSPF,的,Cost,SPF,算法,修改链,路,路成本,CISCOIOS,用公式,10,8,÷,带宽来自动,确,确认链,路,路成本,：,：,传输介质,成本,56kbit/s,链路,1785,T1,（,1.544Mbit/s,）,64,E1,（,2.048Mbit/s,）,48,4Mbit/s,令牌环,25,以太网,10,16Mbit/s,令牌环,6,100Mbit/s,快速以太网,，,FDDI,1,。