Unit5西方文化导论精品.ppt

U5_main,Get Started,Text Study,Supplementary Resources,Unit 5,,,,The Middle Ages and Germanic Culture,Get Started_ main,Get Started,Get Started,1. A General Introduction,2. Focus In,,,Get Started_1.1,Get Started,Get Started_1.2,Get Started,After the last Roman emperor was dethroned by the German mercenary troops in the 5th century, Europe entered the Middle Ages, which lasted about 1000 years or so and was dominated by Germanic people whom the Romans had called “the savage”. Consequently, the intellectual development of the European civilization was retarded or even regressed to some extent because of these so-called Dark Ages. It was also a period of some negative and repressive influence from the Roman Catholic Church. This period was characterized by frequent economic and political crises and greatly affected by deep-seated social contradictions and conflicts, which were first demonstrated in the distress and disasters of the ordinary people and then in the frequently occurring revolts and clashes arising from the cruelty of tyrannical rulers and their unrestrained demands for more power and territory.,Get Started_1.3,Get Started,However, the intellectual decline and retarded social development of the Middle Ages also brought forward some notable personal ties, events and achievements in cultural and social affairs. They made up for a long and tortuous interval before the dawn of the modern age, which was marked by the arrival of the Renaissance in the 14th -15th centuries.,Get Started_2.1,Get Started,To get a brief view of the history of the period of the Middle Ages To get to know the formation and development of German culture and Byzantine culture To be familiar with Medieval social ideology and literary and artistic achievements To understand the significance and special features of Medieval culture and politics,Text Study _main,Text Study,Text Study,I. The Setting of the Middle Ages,II. The Formation and Development of German Culture,III. Byzantine Culture,IV. Medieval Social Ideology,V. Literature and Art,VI. The Significance and Special Features of Medieval Culture and Politics,,,Text Study _I_1.1,Text Study,Main Ideas,Main Ideas,The Middle Ages: a period in European history from the collapse of the Roman Civilization in the 5th century AD to the period of the Renaissance in the 14th century,Text Study _I_1.2,Text Study,Main Ideas,Main Ideas,,Formation stages: At the end of the Roman Empire, some barbarous tribes including Celts, Germans and Slavs were formed. At the end of the 1st century AD, the Germans were still in a primitive society. From the end of the 1st century to the 3rd century, Germans introduced class division, and untied their tribes into alliances and often harassed and staged attacks on the Roman borders. Later they moved into Roman territory till the end of the 6th century. A number of small kingdoms were established in Roman territories.,Text Study _I_1.3,Text Study,Main Ideas,Main Ideas,,With the overthrow of the Western Roman Empire, a series of kingdoms were set up. Among these kingdoms, the largest was the one founded in 481 AD by Clovis who conquered Gaul and initiated a cooperatively large nation called the Merovingian Dynasty. Gradually it became the most powerful German kingdom. In 752, The Merovingian Dynasty was toppled and the Carolingian Dynasty founded. In 800, Leo III endowed the crown with the title of Holy Roman Emperor to Charlemagne, and the Frank Kingdom became the Charlemagne Empire.,,,,,Text Study _I_1.3,Text Study,Main Ideas,Main Ideas,,During the reign of Charlemagne the Great, the conflict between the feudalist plantation owners and serfs deepened. And social disintegration occurred after the expansion of the empire, especially after the death of Charlemagne. A civil war took place among three grandsons of Charlemagne from 817 to 843. They concluded the civil war by signing the Treaty of Verdun and divided the empire into three parts: the Eastern Frank Kingdom (later developed into Germany), the West Frank Kingdom (later developed into France), and Middle Kingdom (later made up of Italy). The borderline of the three modern European countries were beginning to take shape.,,,Text Study _I_2.1,Text Study,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Roman Catholic Church 罗马天主教: the part of the Christian Church which accepts the authority of Pope, in distinction to the Orthodox Eastern Church separated from it in 1054 and to the Protestant Church which broke away in the 16th century,Text Study _I_2.2,Text Study,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,serfdom 奴隶制: a social system of production in which labourers are bound to work for an estate, rather than being owned by the lord of that estate and could choose to work elsewhere though few would do so in reality,Text Study _I_2.2,Text Study,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Interpretation of Cultural Terms,Tacitus, Publius Cornelius (55120AD) 塔西佗: A Roman historia。