句子成分27682.doc

英语句子的类型：简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句，其结构是主语+ 谓语并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句复合句：由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子在英语书面语中应用广泛主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在复合句可以通过把两个以上简单句连接在一起构成,但复合句的各组成部份并非同等重要，其中一个句子由从属连词引导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）英语句子的成分1、主语：句子一般要有主语在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语■名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师■代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。

■动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难2、谓语：谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词■及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说■不及物动词作谓语He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。

■连系动词表状态He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 3、表语：表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当如：They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长 4、宾语：宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子如：I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。

5、定语：定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典 6、状语：英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等1) 时间状语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋 (2) 地点状语Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。

3) 程度状语I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做4) 目的状语We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车5) 方式状语We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做6) 让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心7) 条件状语If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others. 假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。

Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好8) 比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表与我的不一样Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. 迈克不及杰克高9) 原因状语We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们没有去公园Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 由于病了，他没有去上学10) 结果状语The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去，(结果) 因此赶上了火车11) 伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生 6、补语：宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当如：Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬山很容易You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干净I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役动词(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。

简单句的五种基本句型主语 ＋ 不及物动词 （ S + Vi ） I work.　我工作主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 ( S + Vt + O) John is busy.　约翰忙主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表 (S + LV + predicative) She studies English.　她学英语主语 ＋ 双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S +Vt +O.indir+O. dir) She gave John a book．She bought a book for me主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋宾语 ＋宾语补语 (S + Vt. + O + O. compl) She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passageThere + be / stand/ lie / live... There lies a book on the desk 桌子上放着一本书主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语可以称为基本句子成分完整的句子一般至少包含2个基本成分，至多4个基本成分1、两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。

The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris. The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome. The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.2、两个简单句的宾语可由and、both…and等连词连接组成一个简单句I met Jane. I met her husband. I met Jane 。