自考英语(二)应试技巧-词形变化.doc

词形变化( Word Form )应试技巧:　　1.熟练掌握动词词形变化规律注意：动词形式既包括谓语动词的各种形式，如时态、语态及语气(直陈、虚拟)等，虚拟语气为重点，几年来的考题中都有这方面内容；也包括非谓语动词的各种形式所以做动词的词形变化时，首先要搞清楚它在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，然后再作相应的变化　　2.认真学好并熟悉课文本题所选用的句子是根据教材中出现的句子编写的，其中多数来自课文，所以熟悉教材十分重要　　3.认真钻研相关的语法讲解主要指谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词比较等级、情态动词、虚拟语气\形容词比较级、最高级，等部分　　动词：动词是考试的重点主要包括：动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词　　1)动词的时态：重点是动词的过去时、完成时　　So far， Irving ______(live) in New York City for ten years. has lived　　Many a writer of newspaper articles_______(trun) to writing novels during the past decade. has turned　　Some people think relations between people _______(deteriorate) so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible . have deteriorated　　Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _______(happen) to her.　　had happened　　In the past two decades， research _____(expand) our knowledge about sleep and dreams . has expanded　　2)动词的语态：主要掌握各个时态的被动式。

　　The nations that _______actively ________(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， Russia， and the United States. are involved　　There __________(estimate) to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Brtain in 1995. were estimated　　3)动词的语气：　　A.掌握非真实条件句中，谓语动词在主句和条件句中的虚拟语气形式　　If you had come earlier， you ______ (not miss) the first act of the play.　　would not have missed　　If it hadn‘t been for your help， we _____(be) in real trouble.　　would have been　　B.在表示建议、命令、要求以及表示“重要性”和“紧迫性”等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，由“动词原形”或“should + 动词原形”构成。

should 常常省略　　I would recommend that you _______(think) about doing something similar for yourself. (should) think　　It was imperative that students ______(finish) their papers before July 1st.　　(should) finish　　C.动词wish 、would rather (sooner)、if only、as if 后的虚拟语气　　I would rather he _____(buy) the house next year.　　bought ( 表示从句中动作尚未发生)　　She treats me as if I ______ (be) a stranger. were　　The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____( meet) them before.　　had met　　If only we ______(have) a phone！ I‘m tired of waiting outside the public phone box.　　D.in case ， for fear that ， lest 等词后从句的谓语动词为(should) + 原形。

　　He took his umbrella with him lest it _______ (rain.)　　(should) rain　　E.在It is (high) time that 从句中谓语动词一般用过去时动词　　It‘s high time that we _______(take) firm measures to protect our environment. took　　F.时间错综条件句，动词的形式要根据表示的时间调整　　如果我们早动身，现在就不会在雨中走了　　If we had set out earlier，we wouldn‘t be walking in the rain.　　(从句中动作发生在过去，主句中动作发生在现在)　　4)动词的非谓语动词形式：　　A.动词不定式：主要考查动词不定式作定语、宾语、宾语或主语补足语等的用法还要注意动词不定式的被动式与完成式　　不定式作定语：If there is no choice， there is no decision ______(make) to be made　　不定式作宾语： Robots ， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning ________(see) . to be seen　　不定式作宾补 I notice him _______( leave ) the classroom. leave (可省略to)　　不定式作主补：They were often compelled ______(work) twelve or fourteen hours a day.　　to work( 不可省略to)　　We make them (to) work day and night. 不定式作宾语补语，在有些动词后可以省略TO　　They are made to work day and night. 不定式作主语补语时，不可省略TO　　B.分词：主要考查分词作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法。

注意现在分词与过去分词的区别 另外，还有现在分词的被动式与完成式的形式　　分词作定语：Anyone ______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. wanting　　As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals _____(use) in experiments may decrease. used　　分词作状语： When ______(present) with a common case， sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. presented　　________ (tell) that some guests were coming ， she shopped all morning in the supermarket. Having been told　　Her body， with hands and feet _______(bind) ， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. bound　　分词做宾补： They may have their passports ______(remove) ， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. removed　　动名词作宾语：If you cannot understand ， ask： “ Would you mind ______(rephrase) the question ， please ？” rephrasing　　If we don‘t start out now， we must risk ______(miss) the train.　　missing　　形容词副词：　　The more time you waste， the _____(easy) it is to continue wasting time.easier　　As Jane was the _____(old) ， she looked after the other children in the family. eldest　　词性转换：　　The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____(trick)situation .　　trick是名词或动词，应把它变为形容词tricky　　These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____(specialize) in its function.　　specialize 是动词，应把它变为形容词 specific或 special　　汉译英(Translation from Chinese into English) 应试技巧　　1.事先筹划，再来做题　　在翻译每一个句子时，一定要事先筹划：先要想好译成什么样的英语句子结构，是简单句还是复合句，或者是强调句、倒装句。

如果选用了复合句，那么要明确哪部分是主句，从句采用的形式，是定语从句、状语从句还是其他的从句在一个句子内，主语是什么，谓语用什么时态，是主动还是被动，要不要虚拟语气，这些都要事先筹划好然后动笔进行翻译遣词造句过程中，要格外注意一些细节问题：1)仔细斟酌、选用最能确切表达原文意思的英文单词或词组；2)名词的复数形式，动词的不规则变化，主谓语的一致性：3)单词的拼写，标点符号，大小写，冠词的使用等任何一个细节注意不到都可能出错丢分　　2.灵活处理，提高把握　　在翻译过程中，有时可能碰到一些英语单词不会写，这时千万不能灰心丧气，甚至放弃整个句子这时可以寻找意思相近而自己熟悉的词或词组来代替最好不要把那个词空着，更不要用汉字去替代　　对句子的结构同样也可以灵活处。