2023年牛津译林模块三第三单元课文同步梳理.docx

Unit 3 Back to the pastWelcome to the unit & Reading 1Project 5Writing 9Welcome to the unit & ReadingLost civilizations①Day 1, 15 JulyI feel lucky to have won a place on this trip.We are in Italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting Pompeii.Next week we are flying② to China, and going to Loulan, which is known as China's Pompeii in the desert③.Both Pompeii and Loulan became lost civilizations long ago.Day 2, 16 JulyThis morning we attended a lecture④ about Pompeii.The city was founded⑤ in the 8th century BC⑥.In 89 BC, the Romans⑦took over⑧ Pompeii.It then became a rich and busy city.Near the city was a volcano⑨.On 24 August AD⑩ 79, the volcano erupted⑪ and lava⑫， ash⑬ and rocks poured⑭ out of it onto the surrounding countryside.It continued to erupt for the next two days.Many people were buried⑮ alive⑯， and so was the city⑰.How unfortunate⑱！Day 3, 17 JulyToday I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago⑲.How amazing！⑳ The city was forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage.Thus, in 1860, the area was put under government protection so it could be preserved and studied.①civilization/ˌsIvəlaI'zeIʃn/n.文明②are visiting 和 are flying 都是现在进行时，表示的是将要发生的动作。

③which is known as ...是非限制性定语从句，修饰Loulan④lecture/'lektʃə(r)/n.讲座　attend a lecture 听讲座⑤found/faʊnd/vt.兴建，创建⑥BC/ˌbiː'siː/abbr.公元前(before Christ 的缩写)⑦Roman/'rəʊmən/n.罗马人adj.罗马的，罗马人的⑧take over 夺取；接管⑨volcano/vɒl'keInəʊ/n.火山(pl.) volcanoes/volcanos表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装语序⑩AD/ˌeI'diː/abbr.公元(Anno Domini 的缩写)⑪erupt/I'rʌpt/vi.(火山等)爆发⑫lava/'lɑːvə/n.熔岩， 火山岩⑬ash/æʃ/n.灰，灰烬　ashes 废墟；骨灰⑭pour/pɔː(r)/vi.涌流，倾泻vt.倒出(液体)⑮bury vt.埋，埋葬；安葬⑯alive adj.活的，在句中作主语补足语⑰so was the city是“so＋助动词＋主语”的部分倒装结构⑱unfortunate/ʌn'fɔːtʃənət/adj.不幸的，遗憾的⑲as用作连词，意为“正如”，引导方式状语从句。

⑳How amazing! 多令人惊奇啊！amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的when a farmer discovered ...是定语从句，修饰 the 18th century, when 相当于 in whichdig v．挖，掘n.触，碰；挖苦，讽刺；挖掘which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句preserve v．保存，保护preserve sb./sth.from ...保护……免受……so it could be ...是目的状语从句失落的文明[第1～3段译文]第一天，7月15日能获得这次旅行的机会我感到很幸运现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝下周我们会飞往中国并打算去楼兰，那是沙漠中的一座被誉为“中国庞贝”的古城庞贝和楼兰都是很久以前失落的文明第二天，7月16日今天上午我们听了一场有关庞贝的讲座这座城市建于公元前8世纪公元前89年，罗马人占领了庞贝后来庞贝成了一座繁华的城市离该城不远处有一座火山公元79年8月24日，这座火山爆发了，岩浆、火山灰以及岩石喷涌而出，全部倾泻到周围的村庄火山爆发持续了两天很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋真是太不幸了！第三天，7月17日今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它就跟两千年前一模一样。

多令人惊奇啊！这座城市多年来一直被人们遗忘，直到18世纪时一个农民发现了一块刻有文字的石头人们开始在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏因此在1860年，政府将这一区域保护了起来，便于保存和研究When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days! I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.I also saw the people who had been buried alive.It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.Years later, researchers were able to use these empty spaces to produce true­to­life figures of the people who had died in the disaster.You can see them today in Pompeii, in the same places where the people fell. The volcano is still there, but looks very quiet now.It's hard to imagine how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city！Day 10, 24 JulyFinally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling.This commercial city was busy and wealthy about 2,000 years ago.It was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West.It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.I am so excited to be here！when引导时间状语从句；as引导方式状语从句。

with stepping stones ...是with复合结构(with＋宾语＋介词短语)，作状语，修饰 had beenmud/mʌd/n.泥浆，烂泥decorate/'dekəreIt/vt.装饰，装潢be decorated with 装饰有……which引导定语从句，修饰 housesflee/fliː/(fled, fled) vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开researcher/rI'sɜːtʃə(r)/n.研究者，调查者true­to­life/'truːtəˌlaIf/adj.逼真的disaster/dI'zɑːstə(r)/n.灾难who had died ...是定语从句，修饰 the peoplewhere the people fell是定语从句，修饰placesimagine v．想象；认为，想，后接名词、代词、v.­ing 或从句destroy/dI'strɔI/vt.毁坏，摧毁how this peaceful volcano ...是宾语从句commercial/kə'mɜːʃl/adj.商业的，贸易的wealthy/'welθI/adj.富有的，富裕的gradually/'grædʒʊəlI/adv.渐渐地，逐渐地cover sth.over(完全)盖住/遮住某物sandstorm/'sændstɔːm/n.沙尘暴，风沙snowstorm n．暴风雪It is believed to have ...中 it 指代上文提到过的 Loulan。

本句使用了“It is believed to do sth.” 句型，常可转换为“It is believed that ...”[第4～5段译文]当我在城中漫步时，我看到保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了！我看到了几处装饰着壁画的房子我也看到了被活埋的人原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当多年之后，研究者们能够利用这些人形空当制作出逼真的遇难者轮廓你现在可以在庞贝看到他们，就在他们原来倒下的同样的位置火山还在那里，但现在看起来非常平静很难想象这座平静的火山是如何摧毁整座城市的！第十天，7月24日经过好几天的旅程，我们终于抵达了楼兰这座商业城市在大约两千年前也曾繁华过它是连接东西方著名的丝绸之路上的停靠点人们相信，从公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没能在这里我很兴奋！Day 11, 25 JulyA scholar from the local culturalinstitute， Professor Zhang, told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedi。