新概念一册73-110语法汇总.doc

新概念一册73-110课语法重点Lesson 73—81课1. 一般过去时：表示过去某个确切时间发生的动作或存在的状态 ，结构如下：类型Be动词实义动词肯定句主语+was/were主语+did（动词过去式）否定句主语+was/were+not主语+didn’t+do（动词原形）疑问句Was/Were+主语+…?Did+主语+ do（动词原形）改否定、疑问记忆口诀: 有be，否be，有情，否情，没be没情，否助动（否定句在be动词或情态动词后加not，没有be和情态动词，否定句加didnt）；有be，提be，有情，提情，没be没情，提助动（疑问句将be动词或情态动词提前，没有be和情态动词，疑问句把did放句首）；动词见助要还原（didn’t+do动词原形，Did+主语+ do动词原形）动词过去式变化：① 一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed 如： work-worked; ② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed 如：shave-shaved③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed 如：stop-stopped; ④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。

如：study-studied;不规则动词的过去式：do-did eat—ate see-saw say-said run-ran speak-spoke take-took find—found read—read go-went cut—cut 一般过去时的时间标志词last week, last year，a month ago, two days ago，yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon，the week before last2. 副词的构成 1. 一般情况直接由形容词加ly构成 如：quick-quickly；2. 辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变i加ly 如：happy-happily；3. 以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去e加y 如：terrible-terribly；4. 形副同型 如：late-late，hard-hard，early-early，fast-fast；5. 特殊变化 如：very-very，good-well副词的用法： 主要用来修饰动词和形容词； 如，He runs hurriedly。

She is very good副词的位置： 如上述例子可知：副词在动词后，形容词前，即动后形前Lesson 81-84（重点lesson81）1. have 与 have got 的用法： I have a bear. = I have got a bear.相同点与不同点：相同点不同点have意义：有1. 可用在正式及非正式场合 2. 否定形式：dont havehave got意义：有1. 常在口语及非正式场合使用 2. 否定形式：haven‘t/ hasnt got2)have 动词的多用法我们熟悉的有：have breakfast, have lunch, have supper （这里have 指eat）have water,have a bottle of coca, （这里have 指 drink）have a good time, have a trip, have a bath...(从事某种活动）3）重点难点：have与have got的否定式比较：I have a pen. I have got a pen.I dont have a pen. I havent got a pen.Lesson 85-90：重点语法【现在完成时】含义：1）在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响She has lost her books ．她丢失了她的书。

表示到目前为止还没有找到）2）强调动作是从过去持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去I have lived in Beijing for three years. (强调live in Guangzhou这个动作从过去开始持续到了现在，以后可能还在广州)结构： have/has+动词过去分词，例子：肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词I have eaten ten hamburgers.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词I havent eaten ten hamburgers.疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+？Have you eaten ten hamburgers?肯定回答：Yes, 主语代词+have/has.否定回答：No, 主语代词+havent/hasnt.标志词： 例句： already 已经，肯定句I have already eaten ten eggs.yet 已经，否定句+疑问句 Have you eaten ten eggs yet? just 刚刚Ive just found this library book.never 从来没有I have never been to Beijing.ever 曾经Have you ever eaten KFC?since+过去的时间点，自从We have lived in this city for more than 40 years.for+时间段 持续We have lived in this city since 1958.现在完成时 VS 一般过去时现完：现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果.一过：与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去.Lesson 91-94：语法： 一般将来时，含义： 表示发生在将来的动作。

构成如下：1. will do结构 肯定句：主语 + will + do 否定句：主语 + will not (wont) + do e.g. He will go to America tomorrow. e.g. He won’t go to America tomorrow.一般疑问句：---Will + 主语 + do? --Yes, 主语代词+will/ No，主语代词+won’t e.g. -Will he go to America tomorrow? -Yes, he will. -No, he will not (wont).2. be going to结构肯定句：主语 + be going to + do 否定句：主语 + be not going to + do e.g. I’m going to finish the work tomorrow. e.g. I’m not going to finish the work tomorrow.一般疑问句：--Be + 主语 + going to + do? --Yes, 主语代词+am/is/are ---No, 主语代词+am/is/are not e.g.--- Are you going to finish the work tomorrow? ---Yes, I am. / No, I am not3、拓展：be going to do 和will do的不同点be going to与will 两者都表示将要发生的事情、将要去做某事；1) be going to do 侧重主观意愿，表示将要做某事并且，含有“计划、准备”，will 无此意思 ； e.g. She is going to lend us her book. 2) 两者都有“打算”含义，be going to 侧重原先做好的打算，will指说话时即时的打算； e.g. “Kate is in hospital.”” Yes, I know. I’m going to see her today.” “Kate is in hospital.”” Oh, really? I didn’t know. I’ll go and see her at once.”3) 如果是客观上必然发生的事情要用will, e.g. He will be 20 years old.Lesson95-961. 一般将来时特殊疑问句：1）will do特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（will+主语+ 动词原形）？ What will Jane do tomorrow morning? 2）be going to 特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（am/is/are+主语+going to+动词原形）？What are you going to do tomorrow afternoon? had better：用法，had better 后面必须跟动词原形肯定句：You had better do sth. 最好做某事否定句：You had better not do sth. 最好不要做某事2. 人称代词及物主代词总表：主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词我Imemymine我们weusourours你youyouyouryours你们youyouyouryours他hehimhishis她sheherherhers它itititsits他们theythemtheirtheirs形物代变名物代：1. 1特：my-mine 2. 2原：its-its，his-his 3. 4s： your-yours，her-hers，our-ours，their-theirs2、人称代词人称代词做主语，用主格；做宾语，用宾格口诀：主格放句首，宾格动介后 e.g： It belongs to him. ( it 做主语，him做宾语)3、物主代词形容词性物主代词后要加名词，名词性物主代词后不加名词口诀：形物代不独立，后接名词要牢记 e.g： It is my room. The room is mine. lesson 97-100重点语法：直接引语与间接引语一、直接引语变成间接引语：1、直接引语：直接引用他人的原话 例： He says, “I have just arrived in Scotland.”2、间接引语：间接转述他人的原话 例： He says that he has just arrived in Scotland.3、直接引用变成间接引语A．脱符号，加that：把逗号和引号变成thatB．从句人称要变化： e.g. She says:" I like singing." > She says that she likes singing.C．从句时态也要变：主现从随便（主句。