新概念英语第二册笔记新版-第20课.docx

新概念英语第二册笔记新版:第20课【New words and expressions】（5）catch v. 抓到fisherman n. 钓鱼人，渔民boot n. 靴子waste n. 铺张realize v. 意识到 ★catch v. 抓到① vt. 捉住，逮住，捕获The police have caught the thief.Have you caught any fish today?② vt. 抓住，握住Can you catch the ball?③ vt. 准时赶到，赶上catch a bus 赶车I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London.④ catch的一些固定用法catch a cold 染上感冒catch one”s breath 摒住呼吸catch sight of = see 观察catch fire 着火catch one”s eyes 吸引某人留意力 ★boot n. 靴子a pair of boots 一双靴子 ★waste n. 铺张① n. 铺张a waste of… 铺张……It is a waste of time/money/food/water.② vt. 铺张You are wasting time. ★realize v. 意识到① v. 熟悉，知道，明白，意识到I went into the wrong room without realizing it. 我无意中走错了房间。

I realized that I was wrong.② v. 实现（盼望、目标、愿望等）realize one”s dream 实现某人的幻想She has realized her hope to be an actress.③ 使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态）This plan can never be realized. 【Text】Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. ”You must give up fishing!” my friends say. ”It”s a waste of time.” But they don”t realize one important thing. I”m not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all! 参考译文钓鱼是我特殊宠爱的一项运动. 我常常一钓数小时却一无所获, 但我从不为此苦恼. 有些垂钓者就是不走运, 他们往往鱼钓不到, 却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾. 我的运气甚至还不及他们. 我什么东西也未钓到过 -- 就连旧靴子也没有. 我总是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空着袋子回家. “你可别再钓鱼了!” 我的朋友们说, “这是铺张时间. “然而他们没有熟悉到重要的一点, 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣, 我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟, 无所事事! 【课文讲解】1、Fishing is my favourite sport.fishing是一个动名词，由动词+ing组成，动名词可以作主语或宾语，如eating，reading等等★fish① n. 鱼（不行数名词），鱼的种类（可数）There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea.② v. 钓鱼, 捕鱼 2、I often fish for hours without catching anything.for+时间 表示一段时间for hours=for some hours 数小时without catching anything作为状语而消失, 表示结果状语。

without是介词，后面肯定要加宾语, 动名词catching作without的宾语，without 后面的动作是主语来做的动名词也有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语without通常表示“缺乏、没有”；当它位于动名词前时，表示“不曾、不” I can’t repair the car without your help. They tried to leave the restaurant without paying. He went out without saying any words. 3、But this does not worry me.★worry① v. 苦恼，担扰worry sb. 某人为……苦恼，担扰（作动词肯定要加人作宾语, 翻译时从后往前翻，宾语担忧）The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.① adj. 担忧be worried about ……为……担忧 I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me. 4、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.instead of… 我原预备做……但是后来做了……（instead of 后面的词肯定是没有做的, 可以放在主句后面）I went to school instead of staying at home. 我没呆在家里而是去上学了I bought books instead of buying dresses.without强调没有做某件事, instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事副词instead“作为替代，反而”，单独使用时一般消失在句尾 If you don’t want a holiday in England, why don’t you go to Australia instead? 5、I am even less lucky.less是little的比拟级，意为“不及，不如，更少” I spend less time on English than on French. less+原形A is less…than B A不如B 6、After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag.spend+时间+在某地 在某地度过……时间after +从句 在……之后after +名词/动词的ing形式 ……之后（从句主语必需是主句的主语时两种形式可互换）After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实, 不用 “went to” )After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge.介词after的宾语的动名词having spent所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前，所以动名词用完成形式。

with an empty bag [wiTAn5emptIbA^] 留意连读with sth. 有……的，持有……的，随身带着……(状语) Who’s the man with the beard? without sth. 没带……I always go home without angthing. 什么都没带回家 7、”You must give up fishing!” my friends say.give up doing sth. = stop doing sth. 放弃做某事Give up smoking. 8、I”m not really interested in fishing.be intersted in sth. / doing sth. 对……感兴趣 I’m interested in collecting stamps. 【Key structures】　动名词动词+ing作名词时称为动名词，它仍有动词的属性，可以接宾语，动名词可以代替名词做主语和宾语或介词宾语1、动名词作主语Watching television is my favourite pastime. 看电视是我最宠爱的业余爱好.2、动名词作宾语I am very keen on cycling. 我特别喜爱骑自行车.He is capable of doing anything. 他能胜任任何事情.3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子apologize for (not) doing sth. 为什么事情而赔礼I must apologize. I interrupted you. 我得表示赔礼. 我打断了你的说话(工作).I must apologize for interrupting you.由于打断了你的说话(工作), 我得表示赔礼. （for interrupting强调interrupt这个动词）I must apologize for having interrupted you.（for having interrupted强调interrupt这个动词先发生，强调时间 (having done)） 以上两者为时间概念不同，意思一样 congratulate (sb.) on doing sth. 因……庆贺（某人） He congratulated me. I won the competition. 他向我道贺. 我赢得了这次竞赛. He congratulated me on winning the competition. 在我赢得这次竞赛之际, 他向我庆贺.He congratulated me o。