泛读2 understanding_sentences.ppt

Reading Skill: Understanding Sentences,,Structure of a Reading Material,,passage,word,sentence,paragraph,,,,,meaning,structure,topic sentence,,,1. Understanding complex sentence structure,1st step: identify the main clause and its core parts, that is, the subject, the verb, and the object of a sentence2nd step: identify modifying elements and relate them to the core parts3rd step: identify subordinate clauses and relate them to the main clause,简单句 并列句 复合句,Analyze the sentences,找出句子主要成分,A simple sentence is a sentence that comprises only one independent clauseTwo or more coordinated independent clauses make a compound sentence.When an independent clause comprises one or more than one dependent clauses as its element(s), this makes a complex sentence. Two or more coordinated independent clauses with at least one complex clause make a compound-complex sentence.,He went out.,,主语（部分）,谓语（部分）,,——,————,简单句,Analyze the sentences,找出句子主要成分,,We learn English.,主语,谓语,宾语,,,Analyze the sentences,,,并列句,and, but, or, so, yet, for, while,During the 1840s, Marx met Engels, another revolutionary writer, and they became close friends.,___,Analyze the sentences,My grammar is improving, but my listening is poor.,Analyze the sentences,并列句,___,,When he came in, I was doing my homework.,主语,谓语,宾语,,状语从句,,,,,Analyze the sentences,复合句,I guess she also showed that she was very interested in working for our company.,Practice,找出句子主要成分,————,the Structure of English Sentences,2.1 Basic sentence types The seven basic clause types are SVC, SV, SVA, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SVoO. ★ The man is a teacher. ★ I sent him a telegram. ★ They elected him president. ★ He looks fine. ★ He smiled.,★ The train leaves at 6 p.m ★ I live in He Fei. ★ He won the game. ★ I put the material evidence in front of him. ★ We make him our spokesman. ★ He treated her vilely(卑鄙的).,Examples,Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 分析: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, 共有五层意思: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D.把水加热; E. 或使室内空调机继续运转。

主语从句 It is natural that girls identify raising children as a female activity. 表语从句 A prevailing phenomenon nowadays is that countries on the earth are becoming more and more assimilated. 同位语从句 The view that women are better parents than men has shown itself to be true throughout history.,,宾语从句 Others advocate that we should encourage more and more people to wear traditional clothes.定语从句 School students are teenagers who are undergoing fast physical development.状语从句 Some people feel happy when they have made money, while I find bliss when I am reading a good book.,Figures of Speech (1),Figures of speech are forms of expression that depart from normal word or sentence order or from the common literal meanings of words, for the purpose of achieving a special effect.In everyday speech and writing and in literature the chief functions of figures of speech are probably to embellish, to emphasize or to clarify. They are used to give tone or atmosphere to discourse, to provide vivid examples to stimulate thought by startling the reader or listener, to give life to inanimate objects, to amuse, or to ornament.Figures of speech exist in almost endless variety and many are closely related or intricately overlap, hence no completely satisfactory system of classification has ever been devised. The following are some commonly used ones:,Figures of Speech (2),simile 明喻 metaphor 暗喻 personification 拟人 metonymy转喻 Synecdoche提喻 Antonomasia换喻 euphemism委婉语 Hyperbole夸张 litotes曲言；含蓄渲染 Antithesis对照、对仗 Paradox (反论； 12. Oxymoron矛盾 13. Epigram警句 Apostrophe顿呼 rhetorical question修辞疑问句,16. Irony反语 17. Sarcasm尖刻讽刺 18. Satire讽刺 19. Ridicule嘲笑 20. Innuendo暗讽 21. Parody滑稽模仿 22. Climax层进 23. Anti-climax突降 24. Alliteration头韵 25. Assonance半谐音;押元音韵 26. Onomatopoeia拟声 27. Transferred epithet转移修饰 28. Pun（双关） 29. Parallelism 排比 30. Repetition重复,,。