成人学位阅读理解.ppt

阅读理解,,,一、常见题型分析(一)中心思想题主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题 阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题常见的命题方式：What is the main idea of this passage?What dose this passage mainly concern?The main theme of this passage is_____________The main point of the passage is___________Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?,,文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况： 主题句位于句首。

主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法主题句位于段末主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法这种段落称作归纳型段落这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法3. 主题句首尾呼应为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味主题句位于段落的中间主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展主题句隐含在段意之中全文没有明确的主题句其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句找出主题思想的一个好办法是查找概述句，然后看段落中其他大多数语句是否支持该句的观点如果是，那就找到了主题思想Recognizing a main idea,1. look for general versus specific ideas 寻找概括性观点及其对应的具体观点 --We had different political beliefs. --The date was a nightmare --We were dressed completely differently. --Both of us were too nervous to say much,,Home cooking Take-out Ways to eat dinner Frozen foodsHot and humid Cold and rainy Cloudy with scattered showers Weather forecasts,,Oversleeping Bad habits Overeating SmokingTraffic delays Head cold Bad coffee Minor problems,,Communicating Writing Reading SpeakingDeadbolt locks Alarm system Barking dog Kinds of security,,Divorce Failing grades Major problems EvictionNot taking notes in class Poor study habits Missing classes Cramming for exams,,Surprised Tone of voice Enthusiastic HumorousHurry up Get to bed Commands Clean up this mess,,I feel short of breath. I’m getting dizzy and sweating. There is a pain in my chest. I may be having a heart attack.My boss is hard to work for He lacks a sense of humor He never gives praise He times all our breaks to the second.,,--Last night we could hear and smell a large animal prowling outside our tent. --Green flies with stinging bites are in abundance around our campsite --The time has come to find a new campsite --Nearby we came upon a nest of baby rattlesnakes.,,Children are at risk at the school. There are two active gangs in the school Knives and guns have been found in lockers. Drug busts have been made at the school.,,-- Cars are clean and do not require much attention. -- There are definite advantages to having a cat as a pet. -- Cats like living indoors and are safe to have around children. -- Cats are inexpensive to feed and easy to keep healthy.,,-- Teenagers gather at malls to meet friends, eat fast food, and socialize. -- Elderly people often walk at malls for exercise. -- Malls have many uses in American society. -- Malls provide space for community groups to stage events.,,2. Use the topic to lead you to the main idea 利用主题找到主题思想,,The topic is the general subject of a selection. it can often be expressed in one or more words. Knowing the topic can help you find a writer's main point about that topic. “School bullies have been around as long as there have been schools. Studies reveal several reasons why some children become bullies.“ Topic: bullying. The next step after finding the topic is to decide what main point the author is making about the topic. Authors often present their main idea in a single sentence (called main-idea sentence or the topic sentence) main point: “Studies reveal several reasons why some children become bullies.“,,3. Find and use clue words to lead you to the main idea.寻找并利用提示词来确定主题思想 here are some common words that often announce a main idea.Note that all of them end in “s“ several kinds (ways) of several causes of some factors in three advantages of five steps among the results various reasons for a number of effects a series of,,School bullies have been around as long as there have been schools. Studies reveal several reasons why some children become bullies. Research shows that a certain combination of size and personality may be one factor. Bigger, more aggressive children are more likely to try to dominate their smaller, quieter peers,,Another factor linked to bullying is overexposure to violent TV programs. By the time the average American child is ten years old, he or she has watched thousands of acts of violence, including assault and murder. Such exposure can lead to aggression and violence.,,Finally, exposure to real violence is a factor in bullying. Studies indicate that victims of bullies often turn into bullies themselves. Whether abused by family members or tormented by other kids, bullies typically learn their behavior from others. Look closely into the eyes of a bully, and you may be looking into the eyes of a former victim.,four statements from the passpage, which is the general statement that expresses the main idea?,。