定语从句完美版.doc

定语从句1、 基本概念定语从句：在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句，在句子的作用相当 于形容词先行词：被修饰的名词或代词关系词：连接先行词与从句的词，如下：1、 关系代词who, whom, which, that和whose,另外,as也可充当 关系代词关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定 语2、 关系副词有：when, where和why在定语从句中充当状语2、 结构：先行词+关系词+从句女口: The student who studys hard is the best student in my class.-\\ \先行词 关系代词 从句3、 关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系 代 词who人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?（主语）whom, which 和 that在从句中做宾 语时，常可以省略， 但介词提前时后面 关系代词不能省 略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语M匚 Smith is the person with whom I am working（宾语）The boy （whom） she loved died in the wa匚whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.（主语）She is the pop star （that） I want to see very much.（宾语）which物主语，宾语The book （which） I gave you was worth $10.（宾）The picture which was about the accident was terrible.（主）as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.（主）This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.（宾）as做宾语一般不省 略注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。

二）、只能用that的情况先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时例如：%1 This is the best that has been used against pollution.%1 English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.⑵先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时例如：%1 This is the last place (that) I want to visit.%1 It is the first American movie of this kind that Ive ever seen.(3)先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等 代词时例如：%1 You should hand in all that you have.%1 We havent got much that we can offer you.⑷ 先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every 等修饰 时。

例如：%1 The only thing fhal we can do is to give you some money.%1 The little money (that) he had was stolen.(5)先行词既有人又有物时例如：%1 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?%1 The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.⑹ 主句已有疑问词who或which时例如：%1 Which is the bike I hat you lost?%1 Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?注意：指物时，介词和非限制性定语从句用which,不用that.（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况(1) 先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those 时例如：%1 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.%1 Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtn ft to know it.⑵先行词是时。

例如：① Those 旳肋 were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.(四)与whose有关的问题⑴whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物例如：%1 I saw a woman whose bag was stolen,%1 Please show me the book whose cover is red.⑵ 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式例如：① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.4、关系副词(1) 关系when引导定从，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必 须是表示时间的名词可以用介词+ which代替，貝体的介词视从句 后面的谓语而定如:1 still remember that day when the Peoples Republic of China was found.(2) 关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中做地点状语，其 修饰的名词必须是表示地点的名词。

可以用 介词+ which代替，貝体 的介词视从句后面的谓语而定女口: This is the place where he worked last year.(3) why表示原因，在定语从句中做原因状语，常用在先行词reason 面叮以用for which代替女口: The reason (why)he was late is now quite clea匸The reason (for which)he was late is now quite clear.5^非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的 定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说 明，删除后意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语， “・・・的…”通常翻译成主句的并 列句关系词的使用上A. 做宾语时可省B. 可用thatC. 可用who代替who mA.不可B.不用thatC.不用who代替who m。