Unit7独立结构.ppt

Unit 7独立结构的形式独立结构的形式独立结构独立结构独立结构的句法功能独立结构的句法功能    Exercises  独立结构的形式独立结构的形式 独立结构（the Absolute Constructions）是带有自己逻辑主语的结构，又称独立主格结构作为句子的一个语言单位，其行文简单明了，功能多样 1. 名词（或主格结构）＋动词的非谓语动词形式 Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next week. The plan having been made, what is important is to put it into practice. The duty completed, he had three months’ leave. 2. 名词（或主格代词）＋ 形容词 He entered the room, his nose red with cold. She looked at him expectantly, her eyes full of excitement and curiosity.独立结构的形式独立结构的形式3. 名词（或主格代词）＋介词短语 I stood at his left, my finger on the button, waiting for the order. The teacher entered the classroom, chalk in one hand, （a）textbook in the other. 4. 名词（或主格代词）＋副词 Class over, all the students went out of the classroom. He put on his socks, wrong side out. 独立结构的形式独立结构的形式5. 名词（或主格代词）＋名词 His first shot failure, he fired again. She sat alone in the room, her only company a dying fire. 注意注意：以上独立结构都可以看成是带being的分词复合结构的 省略形式。

加入being就变成了分词的复合结构如： Here are the first two volumes, the third one（being）to come out next week. I stood at his left, my finger（being）on the button, waiting for the order. 独立结构的形式独立结构的形式 6. 介词with或without引导的独立结构 这种独立结构的一般构成为：with/without+名/代词＋（分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语）如： With the old man leading, the two started towards the mountains. She felt nervous, with all eyes fixed on her. Never sleep with the window open in winter. With John away, we’re got more room. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived at the station. His wife came down the stairs, with her two-year-old son in her arms. 独立结构的形式独立结构的形式7. “There being +名词”结构 There being no money left, we have to change our plan. There being no spare parts, the equipment could not be repaired at once.独立结构的句法功能独立结构的句法功能 独立结构在句中多作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随或补充说明，它偶尔也作定语和或主语。

例如： 1. 作状语 1) 表示时间 The bell ringing, all the pupils went into the classroom. 2) 表示原因 The question being rather difficult, we must take time to consider it carefully. 3) 表示条件 Weather permitting，the football match will be played next Sunday. 4) 表示伴随状况 Japan is to the east of China, with the Yellow Sea in between.独立结构的句法功能独立结构的句法功能2. 作定语A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the room.3. 作主语 Linda in trouble was the only reason for my going there.Exercises1. Directions: In this exercise, there are twenty sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. 1）The report ________ , a lively discussion began. A. to read B. being read C. to be read D. having been read 2）With a great weight ________ his mind, he went to bed. A. taken off B. to be taken off C. taking off D. being taken off3）With the teacher ________ me, I feel quite at ease. A. helpB. helped C. helping D. being help 4）Gun ________ , the soldier fell down and died. A. is in hand B. to be in hand C. in hand D. having been in handDACCExercises5）________ , we have much to learn and unlearn. A. All things to considerB. Things all consider C. All things consideredD. All of the things to consider 6）So many members ________ , the meeting had to be put off till next week. A. are absent B. being absent C. having been absent D. to be absent 7）We talked about a number of things, one of them ________ the result of our experiment. A. to be B. is C. beingD. having been 8）With the problem ________ , the meeting came to its end. A. having been solved B. to be solved C. solved D. being solved CCCBExercises9）You can’t move in this town without everybody ________ . A. known B. to know C. having known D. knowing 10）All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train. A. were canceled B. had been canceled C. having canceled D. having been canceled 11）There ________ nothing else to do, we left. A. having been B. is C. being D. is to be 12）The lecture ________ ，he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker． A. began B. beginning C. having begun D. being beginning CCDDExercises13）Such ________ the case, there are no grounds to justify your complaints. A. being B. is C. was D. to be 14）Darkness ________ in, the young people lingered（逗留）on merrymaking（嬉戏）. A. setB. setting C. has set D. was set 15）The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports, each ________one major point in contrast with the other. A. makes B. made C. is to make D. making 16）Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work ________ , we declined the offer. A. not being finished B. not having finished C. had not been finished D. was not finished ABDAExercises17）The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 18）________ , the girls raced on to the second runners. A. Stick in handB. With a stick in her hand C. Sticks in handD. Sticks in hands 19）The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ________ to his father. A. turning B. to turn C. to be turned D. turned 20）________ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. WithD. Through CADD 2. Directions: Join each pair of the following sentences into one, using one Absolute Construction at least. 1）A. We started looking for jobs B. All our savings are gone. All our saving gone, we started looking for jobs. 2）A. The curtains are drawn B. They sat in the room. They sat in the room with the curtains drawn. 3）A. The last bus has gone. B. We had to walk home. The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 4）A. Jim decided to go and see the play. B. His homework has been done. His homework having been done, Jim decided to go and see the play. 5）A. We stayed outside. B. The floor was wet and slippery（滑的）. The floor (being) wet and slippery, we stayed outside.ExercisesExercises1）______________________（春天来了），the leaves have turned green. 2）________________（既然如此），we’ll have to reconsider the whole thing. 3) The manager sat quietly in the office, _____________（双目紧闭）. 4）I heard that she got injured in the accident, ______________（内心充满担忧）. 5）______________（给我们更多的时间），we should have done it much better. With the spring coming on Such being the case (his) eyes closed my heart full of worry More time given 3. Directions: Complete the following sentences with the help of the Chinese given in the brackets, using the Absolute Construction. 。