要掌握好英语过去完成时.doc

过 去 完 成 时是要掌握它的含义现在很多的文章在讲解过去完成时的时候，都用了一句流行的 说法，叫“过去的过去”虽然这样的概括点明了过去完成时的要点，但究竟什么 才叫“过去的过去”呢？如果不搞清它的含义，只是去记住什么时间状语(如：before, by, until , when, after 等)，或者记住哪些动词常用于过去完成时等等，是不能很好掌握过 去完成时的 一、重点 英语中，已经有了一个一 般过去时表示在过去发生的动作，为什么还有过去完成时 呢？要记住：过去完成时的关键概念是：假设在过去发生了两件(或以上)的事件，一件 是 A 事件，另一件是 B 事件，如果 A、B 两个事件几乎是同时发生的，那就用一般过 去时；但是，如果 A、B 两个事件不是同时发生的，怎么办呢？那就是：哪个事件先发 生，就用过去完 成时；哪个事件后发生，就用过去完成时在上面的假设中，如果 A 事件先发生，A 就用过去完成时；如果 B 事件先发生，B 就用过去完成时；而不管两件事是用什 么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的 请看例句：（例 1）She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 〔例 2〕When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 〔例 3〕We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 〔例 4〕Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 〔例 5〕The students were writing, busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she had left in the office. 在上面的五个例子中，我们只要稍微分析一下，就可以发现：每个例子讲述的内容 中，都包含着两个(或以上)在过去发生的事件。

我们将两件事抽取出来看一下，就非常 明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后发生的： 〔例 1〕……said…… had never been to (先没有“去”，后“说”) 〔例 2〕……arrived……had run away. (先“跑”了，后“到”) 〔例 3〕…… had hoped ……would come……didn't (先“希望”，后才发生“没去”) 〔例 4〕……was disappointed……had left ……arrived (先“离开”，后“到达”和“失望”) 〔例 5〕……were writing……went ……had left (先“离开”，后“到”和“写”) 二、难点 过去完成时的难点在于：有时候一句话中并没有出现两个事件，因此无法比较两个 事件的先后那为什么也用过去完成时呢？请看下面的例句： 〔例 1〕By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 实际上，在上面的例句中，仍然有着“先、后”之分的不过，这次不是 A、B 两件事件的先后，而是有两个过去时间的“先、后”关系。

首先，句子中有个明确的过去时间点：12 岁说他“12 岁”，显然是过去式那么 ，紧接着说“他已经开始谋生了”，这个“谋生”是发生在“12 岁”时，还是“12 岁”前，还是 “12 岁”后？答案是肯定的：他的“谋生”发生在“12 岁”之前!也就是说，“12 岁”已经是一 般过去时，而在“12 岁” 之前发生的事，当然是过去完成时所以，在那么多表示时间 状语的词中，大家要特别注意 By、Until 等的用法可以说，在讲述过去的事件中，如 果出现 By……时间状语，很有可能要用过去完成时了当然，我说的是很有可能) 类似的时间表达方式还有 Until、Before 等只要大家把握了过去完成时的基本含义 ，不管句子怎么变化，应该没有多大的问题例如： 〔例 2〕Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six month. 此句的分析同上面差不多首先有个明确的过去时间点“then“(那时)，而“hadn'theard“发生在 then 之前(包括 then)所以此句用的是过去完成时 再举两个例子，请大家自己分析： 〔例 3〕We had learned about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 〔例 4〕I waited until he had finished his homework. 〔例 5〕We had got to the station before 10:00.单项选择1．He asked me __A___ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _D___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ___C___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。

A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ___A___lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I __A___ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __D________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family __B_____ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ___C___ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He __B___ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What __D_____ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _C__ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they _D___ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _D____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football. A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/ 15. By the time he was 4, he _A_____ a lot of German words. A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then __D___ the classroom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They ____C_____ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing__C_____ ten minutes ago. A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived 19. The students ___B______ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 20. Fergie__B_____ the project in one hour. A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished。