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医药行业专业英语词汇(非常有用)(20220302151410).pdf

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    • FDA 和 EDQM 术语: CLINICAL TRIAL:临床试验ANIMAL TRIAL:动物试验ACCELERA TED APPROV AL :加速批准STANDARD DRUG :标准药物INVESTIGA TOR:研究人员;调研人员PREPARING AND SUBMITTING:起草和申报SUBMISSION :申报;递交BENIFIT (S) :受益RISK(S) :受害DRUG PRODUCT :药物产品DRUG SUBSTANCE :原料药ESTABLISHED NAME:确定的名称GENERIC NAME :非专利名称PROPRIETARY NAME :专有名称;INN ( INTERNA TIONAL NONPROPRIETARY NAME ) :国际非专有名称ADVERSE EFFECT :副作用ADVERSE REACTION:不良反应PROTOCOL :方案ARCHIV AL COPY :存档用副本REVIEW COPY :审查用副本OFFICIAL COMPENDIUM:法定药典(主要指USP、 NF ) .USP( THE UNITED STA TES PHARMACOPEIA) :美国药典NF(NATIONAL FORMULARY) : (美国)国家处方集OFFICIAL =PHARMACOPEIAL= COMPENDIAL:药典的;法定的;官方的AGENCY :审理部门(指FDA )IDENTITY :真伪;鉴别;特性STRENGTH :规格;规格含量(每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量)LABELED AMOUNT:标示量REGULA TORY SPECIFICA TION :质量管理规格标准(NDA 提供)REGULA TORY METHODOLOGY:质量管理方法REGULA TORY METHODS V ALIDA TION :管理用分析方法的验证COS/CEP 欧洲药典符合性认证ICH ( International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use) 人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH 文件分为质量、安全性、有效性和综合学科4 类。

      质量技术要求文件以Q 开头 ,再以 a,b,c,d 代表小项 : Q1:药品的稳定性Q2:方法学Q3:杂质Q4:药典Q5:生物技术产品质量 Q6:标准规格Q7:GMP Q7a:(原料药的优良制造规范指南)药物活性成分的GMP. GMP 英语PIC/S 的全称为: Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention/Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme, PIC/S( 制药检查草案 ), 药品检查协会(PIC/S) ,也有人称PIC/S 为医药审查会议/合作计划( PIC/S)PIC 的权威翻译:药品生产检查相互承认公约API(Active Pharmaceutical Ingrediet) 原料药又称:活性药物组分AirLock 气闸Authorized Person 授权人Batch/Lot 批次Batch Number/Lot-Number 批号; Batch Numbering System 批次编码系统;Batch Records 批记录; Bulk Product 待包装品; Calibration 校正; Clean area洁净区; Consignmecnt(Delivery )托销药品。

      FDA (FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION ) : (美国)食品药品管理局IND ( INVESTIGA TIONAL NEW DRUG) :临床研究申请(指申报阶段,相对于 NDA 而言) ;研究中的新药(指新药开发阶段,相对于新药而言,即临床前研究结束)NDA (NEW DRUG APPLICA TION ) :新药申请ANDA ( ABBREVIA TED NEW DRUG APPLICATION ) :简化新药申请TREATMENT IND:研究中的新药用于治疗ABBREVIA TED (NEW )DRUG :简化申请的新药DMF (DRUG MASTER FILE) :药物主文件(持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料,可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品只有在DMF 持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA, FDA 在审查 IND 、NDA 、 ANDA 时才能参考其内容)HOLDER :DMF 持有者CFR( CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION ) : (美国)联邦法规PANEL:专家小组BATCH PRODUCTION:批量生产;分批生产BATCH PRODUCTION RECORDS:生产批号记录POST-OR PRE- MARKET SURVEILLANCE:销售前或销售后监督INFORMED CONSENT:知情同意 (患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验)PRESCRIPTION DRUG :处方药OTC DRUG (OVER —THE —COUNTER DRUG ) :非处方药 GMP 文件常见缩写ABPI Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry ADR Adverse Drug Reaction AE Adverse Event AIM Active Ingredient Manufacturer ANDA Abbreviated New Drug Application ANOVA Analysis of V ariance ASM: Active Substance Manufacturer ATC Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical ATX Animal Test Exemption Certificate BAN British Approved Name BIRA British Institute of Regulatory Affairs BNF British National Formulary BP British Pharmacopoeia C of A Certificate of Analysis C of S Certificate of Suitability CENTRE FOR DRUG EV ALUA TION (CDE) Centre for Pharmaceutical Administration (CPA) CMS Concerned Member State CMS 每个成员国COS Certificate of Suitability CPMP Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products CRA Clinical Research Associate CRF Case Report Form CRO Contract Research Organisation CTA Clinical Trial Application CTC Clinical Trial Certificate CTD Common Technical Document CTX Clinical Trials Exemption DDD Defined Daily Dose DGC Daily Global Comparison DIA Drug Information Association DMF Drug Master File Drug Registration Branch (DR, Product Evaluation & Registration Division, CPA EDQM (European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines) 欧洲联盟药品质量指导委员会 EEA 欧洲经济地区EGMA European Generics Medicine Association ELA Established Licence Application EMEA European Medicines Evaluation Agency EMEA(European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products) 欧洲联盟药品评价机构EP European Pharmacopoeia EPAR European Public Assessment Reports ESRA European Society of Regulatory Affairs European Pharmacopoeia Commission 欧洲药典委员会FDA FDA Food and Drug Administration final evaluation report (FER) free sale certificates (FSCs) GCP Good Clinical Practice GCP 药品临床研究管理规范GLP Good Laboratory Practice GLP 药品临床前安全性研究质量管理规范GMP Good Manufacturing Practice GMP 药品生产质量管理规范GSP 药品销售管理规范Health Sciences Authority (HSA)HSA’ s Medicines Advisory Committee (MAC)IB Investigators Brochure ICH International Conference for Harmonisation IDMC Independent Data-Monitoring Committee IEC Independent Ethics Committee IND Investigational New Drug INN International Non-proprietary Name International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) IPC In Process Control IRB Institutional Review Board LICENCE HOLDER MA Marketing Authorisation MAA Marketing Authorisation Application MAA 上市申请MAH Marketing Authorisation Holder MAH 销售许可持有者MCA Medicines Control Agency MHW Ministry of Health and Welfare (Japan) MR Mutual Recognition MRA 美国与欧盟的互认协议MRAs (Mutual Recognition Agreements) 互相認證同意MRFG Mutual Recognition Facilitation Group MRP Mutual Recognition Procedure NAS New Active Substance NCE New Chemical Entity NDA New Drug Application new chemical entities (NCEs) new drug applications (NDAs) NSAID Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drug NTA Notice To Applicants OOS Out of Specification OTC Over The Counter PAGB Proprietary Association of Great Britain Ph Eur European Pharmacopoeia PIL Patient Information Leaflet PL Product Licence POM Prescription Only Medicine PRODUCT OWNER PSU Periodic Safety Updates QA Quality Assurance QC Quality Control RAJ Regulatory Affairs Journal RMS Reference Member State RMS 相互认可另一成员国RSD Relative Standard Deviation Rx Prescription Only SAE Serious Adverse Event SMF Site Master File SOP Standard Operating Procedure SOP (STANDARD OPERA TION PROCEDURE )标准运作程序SPC/SmPC Summary of Product Characteristics summary of product characteristics(SPC) Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) USP US Pharmacopoeia VMF V eterinary Master File VPC Veterinary Products Committee A. A. AAddition and Amendments 增补和修订AC Air Conditioner 空调器ADR Adverse Drug Reaction 药物不良反应 AFDO Association of Food and Drug Officials 食品与药品官员协会(美国)ACC Accept 接受AQL Acceptable Quality Level 合格质量标准ADNAAbbreviated New Drug Application 简化的新药申请BOM Bill of Material 物料清单BPC Bulk pharmaceutical Chemiclls 原料药CBER Center for Biologics Evaluation Research 生物制品评价与研究中心CFU Colony Forming Unet 菌落形成单位DMF Drug Master File 药品管理档案CDER Cemter for Drug Evaluation amd Research 药物评价与研究中心CI Corporate Identity (Image) 企业识别(形象)CIP Cleaning in Place 清洗CSI Consumer Safety Insepctor 消费者安全调查员CLP Cleaning Line Procedure 清洗程序DAL Defect Action Level 缺陷作用水平DEADrug Enforcement Adminestration 管制药品管理DS Documentation Systim 文件系统FDAFood and Drug Administration 食品与药品管理局(美国)GATT General Agreemernt on Tariffs and Trade 关贸总协会GMP Good Manufacturing Practice Gvp 药品生质量管理规范GCP Good Clinical Practice 药品临床实验管理规范GLP Good Laboratory Practice 实验室管理规范GSP Good Supply Practice 药品商业质量规范GRP Gook RaTAIL Practice 药品零业质量管理规范GAP Good Agriculture Practice 药材生产管理规范GVP Gook Validation Prctice 验证管理规范GUP Gook Use Practice 药品重用规范HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning 空调净化系统ISO Intematonal Organization for Standardization 车际标准化组织MOU Memorandum of Understanding 谅解备忘录PF Porduction File 生产记录用表格OTC Over the Counter (Drug) 非处方药品PLAProduct License Application 产品许可申请QAQuality Assurance 质量保证QC Quality Control 质量控制QMP Quality Management Procedure 质量管理程序SDAState Drug Administration 国家药品监督管理局SMP Standard Managmert Procedure 标准管理程序SOP Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作程序TQC Tatal Quality Control 全面质量管理USAUneted States Pharmacopeia 美国药典 专业英语词汇词素(词根)1. haplo,mono,uni :单,一,独haploid 单倍体monoxide 一氧化碳monoatomic 单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du : : 二,双,两, 偶 biocolor 双色 ,dichromatic 双色的 ,diplobacillus 双杆菌dikaryon 双核体twin :孪生dual 双重的3. tri : 三,丙triangle 三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra :四quadrilateral 四边的quadrivalent 四价的quadruped 四足动物tetrode 四极管tetracycline 四环素5. pent,penta,quique 五pentose 戊糖 pentagon 五角形pentane 戊烷 quintuple 五倍的pentose 戊糖pentomer 五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六 hexose 已糖hexapod 六足动物 hexapoda 昆虫纲hexamer 六聚体7. hepta,sept 七 heptane 庚烷 heptose 庚糖heptoglobin 七珠蛋白8. oct 八 octpus 章鱼octagon 八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖9. enne,nona 九 nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十 :decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克11. hecto, 百 hectometer 百米 hectoliter 百升hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo, 千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一,分decimeter 分米 decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli, 千分之一,毫millimole 毫摩(尔) milliliter 毫升16. micro, 百万分之一,微,微小,微量microgram 微克microogranism 微生物 microecology 微生态学 micropipet 微量移液器17. nano 十亿分之一,毫微,纳nanosecond 十亿分之一秒nanometer 纳米18. demi,hemi,semi 半 demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球 semiopaque半透明semi-allel 半等位基因semi-conductor 半导体19. holo 全,整体,完全holoenzyme 全酶 holoprotein 全蛋白holocrine 全(质分)泌20. mega 巨大,兆,百万megaspore 大孢子, megabasse兆碱基 megakaryocyte 巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan 特大城市21. macro 大,巨大,多macrophage 巨噬细 胞 macrogamete 大 配子macroelement 常 量元素macromolecular 大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多 , 复 合polyacrylate聚 丙 烯 酸 酯polymerase 聚 合酶multichain多 链 的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy 多拷贝 1 chrom 颜色chromophore 生色团chromosome 染色体chromatography 色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤 melanin 黑色素 melanophore 黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl 叶黄素xanthous 黄色的,黄色人种xathine 黄嘌呤flavin 黄素 flavone 黄酮letein 黄体素,叶黄素 flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD) 黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf, 红erythrocyte 红细胞 erythromycin 红霉素 erythropoitin(EPO) 促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor 绿,氯chlorophyll 叶绿素chloride 氯化物 chloramphenicol 氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝,青紫色,氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria 蓝细菌 cyanide 氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys 金色aureomycin 金霉素 chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum 菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb 无色,白色leucine 亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis 白血病 bleaching powder 漂白粉albomycin 白霉素四表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内,在内endocrine 内分泌 endocytosis 胞吞作用endogamy 近亲繁殖endolysin 内溶素entoderm 内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外,外面,表面ectoblast 外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取,浸出3 meso 中,中间mesosphere 中圈,中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内,向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular (细)胞内的interurban 城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心,中央,中间centrifuge 离心centriole 中心粒 centrosome 中心体centrogeng 着丝基因6 epi,peri 上,外,旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial 上鳃的 perilune 近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下,低,小suborder 亚目 submucosa 粘膜下层 subclone 亚克隆subcellular 亚细胞subsection 小节,分部8 super,supra 上,高,超superconductor 超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular 超分子的9 hyper 超过,过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的 hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo 下,低,次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension 低血压 hypophysis 脑下垂体 11 iso 等,相同,同iso-osmotic 等渗的 isopod 等足目动物isotope 同位素12 oligo,olig 少,低,寡,狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene 寡基因oligomer 寡聚体oligophagous 寡食性oligarchy 寡头 *** 13 eury 多,宽,广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline 广盐性 eurytopic species 广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学 ultra-structure 超微结构ultroviolet 紫外线15 infra 下,低,远infralittoral 潮下带, 远岸的infrahuman 类人生物infrared 红外线的infrastructure 基础结构, 基本结构五 表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头,头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo, 肉,肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体,身体6 some,plast 体,颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝 heparin 肝素 hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma 肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾 adrnal 肾上腺的nephridia 肾管nephron 肾单位9 card,cord 心 cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram心电图concord 一致,和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology 眼科学ophthalmia 眼炎ophthalmologist 眼科专家11 branchi 鳃 filibranch 丝鳃lamellibrnch 瓣鳃sencondary branchium 次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕,手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin 臂粘连蛋白bracelet 手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin 牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast 成牙质细胞14 plum 羽plumatus 羽状的plumule 绒毛plumage (鸟的)羽毛15 foli,foil 叶follicle 滤泡foiling 叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的 药名常用词首ace- 乙(酰基)acet- 醋;醋酸;乙酸acetamido- 乙酰胺基acetenyl- 乙炔基acetoxy- 醋酸基;乙酰氧基acetyl- 乙酰(基)aetio- 初allo- 别allyl- 烯丙(基); CH2=CH-CH2- amido- 酰胺(基)amino- 氨基amyl- ①淀粉②戊(基)amylo- 淀粉andr- 雄andro- 雄anilino- 苯胺基anisoyl- 茴香酰;甲氧苯酰anti- 抗apo- 阿朴;去水aryl- 芳(香)基aspartyl- 门冬氨酰auri- 金(基); (三价)金基aza- 氮(杂)azido- 叠氮azo- 偶氮basi- 碱baso- 碱benxoyl- 苯酰;苯甲酰benzyl- 苄(基);苯甲酰bi- 二;双;重biphenyl- 联苯基biphenylyl- 联苯基bis- 双;二bor- 硼boro- 硼bromo- 溴butenyl- 丁烯基(有1、 2、3 位三种)butoxyl- 丁氧基butyl- 丁基butyryl- 丁酰 caprinoyl- 癸酰caproyl- 己酰calc- 钙calci- 钙calco- 钙capryl- 癸酰capryloyl- 辛酰caprylyl- 辛酰cef- 头孢(头孢菌素族抗生素词首)chlor- ①氯②绿chloro- ①氯②绿ciclo- 环cis- 顺clo- 氯crypto- 隐cycl- 环cyclo- 环de- 去;脱dec- 十;癸deca- 十;癸dehydro- 去氢;去水demethoxy- 去甲氧(基)demethyl- 去甲(基)deoxy- 去氧des- 去;脱desmethyl- 去甲(基)desoxy- 去氧dex- 右旋dextro- 右旋di- 二diamino- 二氨基diazo- 重氮dihydro- 二氢;双氢endo- 桥epi- 表;差向epoxy- 环氧erythro- 红;赤estr- 雌ethinyl- 乙炔(基)ethoxyl- 乙氧(基)ethyl- 乙基etio- 初eu- 优fluor- ①氟②荧光 fluoro- ①氟②荧光formyl- 甲酰(基)guanyl- 脒基hepta- 七;庚hetero- 杂hexa- 六;己homo- 高(比原化合物多一个-CH2-) hypo- 次io- 碘indo- 碘iso- 异keto- 酮laevo- 左旋leuco- 白levo- 左旋mercapto- 巯基meso- ①不旋;内消旋②中(间)③中(位)(蒽环的9、10 位)meta- ①间(有机系统用名)②偏(无机酸用)methoxy- 甲氧基methyl- 甲基mono- 一;单neo- 新nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九;壬nor- 去甲;降;正nov- 新novo- 新oct- 八;辛octa- 八;辛octo- 八;辛ortho- ①邻(位)②正③原oxalo- 草oxo- 氧[代] oxy- ①氧②羟基(误称,但常用)para- ①对(位)②副(俗名)penta- 五;戊per- ①高②过phen- 苯pheno- 苯phenoxy- 苯氧(基)phenyl- 苯基phospho- 磷;磷酸phosphor- 磷;磷酸 phosphoro- 磷;磷酸phyllo- 叶poly- 多;聚propyl- 丙基proto- 原pseudo- 假;伪;拟ribosyl- 核糖基sec- ①另(指 CH3CH2CH(CH3)- 型烃基②semi- 半silico- 硅strept- 链strepto- 链sulf- 硫sulfa- 磺胺(磺胺类药物词头)sulfo- ①硫[代]②磺基sulph- 硫[代] sulpho- ①硫 [代]②磺基tert- ①特(指CH3⋯C(CH3)2- 型烃基)②叔tetra- 四thio- 硫trans- 反(式);转tri- 三undeca- 十一valyl- 缬氨酰(基)vinyl- 乙烯基xantho- 黄色 药名常用词尾-al 醛-aldehyde 醛-amide 酰胺-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷-ase 酶-ate ①盐②酯-azide 叠氮; -N3 -caine 卡因(局部麻醉药词尾)-carbonyl 羰基-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxylic acid 羧酸-cidin 杀⋯⋯菌素-cillin 青霉素;西林(青霉素族抗生素词尾)-cycline 四环素(四环素族抗生素词尾)-diol ①二醇②二酚-dione 二酮-disulfide 二硫(化物)-ene 烯-enol 烯醇-ester 酯-flavine 黄素-form 仿(俗名词尾)-genin 甙元(旧称配基)-hydrin 醇-ine 碱;素(生物碱词尾)-lactone 内酯-lysin 溶素(俗名词尾)-micin 霉素(抗生素词尾)-mycetin 霉素;菌素(抗生素词尾)-mycin 霉素(抗生素词尾)-nitrile 腈-ol ①醇②酚-olol 心安(心安类药物词尾)-one 酮-ose 糖-oside 糖甙-oxide 氧;氧化物 -oyl 酰-quine 奎(俗名尾词)-sporin 孢菌素(抗生素词尾)-sullide 硫(化物)-sulfone 砜-sulfoxide 亚砜-thioic acid 硫代酸-thione 硫酮-thione 硫酮-toxin 毒-triol 三醇-tropin 托品(俗名尾词)-urea 脲-xanthin 黄质-yl 基(一价基)-yne 炔常用分析化学词汇 (C to E) 玻璃漏斗Glass funnel long stem 试管test tube test tube brush test tube holder test tube rack 蒸发皿evaporating dish small 烧杯beaker 锥形瓶Erlenmeyer 量筒grad cylinder 洗瓶plastic wash bottle 勺皿casserole ,small stoppered flask 分液漏斗separalory funnel water bath/oil bath strring bar magnetic stirrer 冷凝器condenser Ballast bottle 圆颈烧瓶Round-buttom flask 试剂瓶reagent bottles 托盘天平platform balance 台秤0.1g 托盘 pan 指针刻度表pointer and scale crossbeams and sliding weights 游码分析天平two-pan/single-pan analytical balance 滴定管burette glass bead(basic) nozzle 移液管pipette 胖肚elongated glass bulb 洗耳球rubber suction bulb 玻棒glass rod 玻璃活塞stopcock 容量瓶pyknowmeter flasks 比重瓶(one-mark)volumetric flasks 胖肚吸管one-mark pipette 刻度吸管graduated pipettes 实验仪器清单1、 柜子中四、抽屉中:锥形瓶 (conical flask) 250ml ×4 药匙 (medicine spoon)×1 (Erlenmeyer flask) 100 ml × 3 滴管 (drip tube;dropper) ×2 烧杯 (beaker) 500 ml ×1 玻棒 (Glass stic)×2 250 ml×3 木试管夹 (test tube clamp;test tube holder) ×1 100 ml×3 胖肚吸管 (straws) 25 ml×1 50 ml × 2 10 ml ×1 容量瓶 (volumetric flask) 100 ml ×2 乳钵(morta) ×1 50 ml×4 洗耳球 (ear wadhing bulb) 碘量瓶(iodin numoe flask;iodineflask) 500 ml×3 试剂瓶(reagent bottle) (无色)× 2 (棕色)× 2 配洗液:量筒( cylinder) 100 ml× 1 K2Cr2O72g+5ml 水→ 65mlH2SO4 (graduated cylinder)10ml ×1 边加边搅拌 (stir) 。

      二、台面上仪器:一般仪器的洗涤(wash) 铁支架 (siderocradle)+ 蝴蝶架白瓷板 (White Porcelain Board ) (一)清点仪器(to count;to make an inventory) 酸式滴定管 (Acid burette) 25 ml × 1 配洗液(Lotion) 碱式滴定管 (Alkali burette)25 ml ×1 一般仪器的洗涤三、公用柜中:(二)滴定管(buret;burette) 直型冷凝器 (rectocondensor)×1 容量瓶 (volumetric flask) 漏斗架(funnel stand) × 2 移液管 (pipe) 水浴锅 (water bath kettle) ×1 温度计 (Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope) ×1 电炉 (electric furnace;electric hot plate;electric stove) 四人一个分析化学: analytical chemistry 定性分析: qualitative analysis定量分析: quantitative analysis物理分析: physical analysis 物理化学分析:physico-chemical analysis 仪器分析法: instrumental analysis流动注射分析法:flow injection analysis ;FIA 顺序注射分析法:sequentical injection analysis;SIA 化学计量学: chemometrics 绝对误差: absolute error 相对误差: relative error 系统误差: systematic error 可定误差: determinate error 随机误差: accidental error 不可定误差: indeterminate error 准确度: accuracy 精确度: precision 偏差: debiation,d 平均偏差: average debiation 相对平均偏差:relative average debiation 标准偏差(标准差) :standerd deviation;S 相对平均偏差:relatibe standard deviation;RSD 变异系数: coefficient of variation 误差传递: propagation of error 有效数字: significant figure 置信水平: confidence level 显著性水平: level of significance 合并标准偏差(组合标准差):pooled standard debiation 舍弃商: rejection quotient ;Q 滴定分析法: titrametric analysis 滴定: titration 容量分析法 :volumetric analysis 化学计量点: stoichiometric point 等当点: equivalent point 电荷平衡: charge balance 电荷平衡式: charge balance equation 质量平衡: mass balance 物料平衡: material balance 质量平衡式: mass balance equation 酸碱滴定法: acid-base titrations 质子自递反应:autoprotolysis reaction 质子自递常数:autoprotolysis constant 质子条件式 :proton balance equation 酸碱指示剂: acid-base indicator 指示剂常数: indicator constant 变色范围: colour change interval 混合指示剂: mixed indicator 双指示剂滴定法:double indicator titration 非水滴定法: nonaqueous titrations 质子溶剂: protonic solvent 酸性溶剂: acid solvent 碱性溶剂: basic solvent 两性溶剂 :amphototeric solvent 无质子溶剂: aprotic solvent 均化效应: differentiating effect 区分性溶剂: differentiating solvent 离子化: ionization 离解: dissociation 结晶紫: crystal violet 萘酚苯甲醇 : α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol 奎哪啶红: quinadinered 百里酚蓝: thymol blue 偶氮紫: azo violet 溴酚蓝: bromophenol blue 配位滴定法: compleximetry 乙二胺四乙酸:ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA 螯合物: chelate compound 金属指示剂: metal lochrome indcator 氧化还原滴定法:oxidation-reduction titration 碘量法: iodimetry 溴量法: bromimetry ] 溴量法: bromine method 铈量法: cerimetry 高锰酸钾法: potassium permanganate method 条件电位: conditional potential 溴酸钾法: potassium bromate method 硫酸铈法: cerium sulphate method 偏高碘酸: metaperiodic acid 高碘酸盐: periodate 亚硝酸钠法: sodium nitrite method 重氮化反应: diazotization reaction 重氮化滴定法:diazotization titration 亚硝基化反应:nitrozation reaction 亚硝基化滴定法:nitrozation titration 外指示剂: external indicator 外指示剂: outside indicator 重铬酸钾法: potassium dichromate method 沉淀滴定法: precipitation titration 容量滴定法: volumetric precipitation method 银量法: argentometric method 重量分析法: gravimetric analysis 挥发法: volatilization method 引湿水(湿存水) :water of hydroscopicity 包埋 (藏)水: occluded water 吸入水: water of imbibition 结晶水: water of crystallization 组成水: water of composition 液-液萃取法: liquid-liquid extration 溶剂萃取法: solvent extration 反萃取: counter extraction 分配系数: partition coefficient 分配比: distribution ratio 离子对(离子缔合物) :ion pair 沉淀形式: precipitation forms 称量形式: weighing forms 物理分析: physical analysis 物理化学分析:physicochemical analysis 仪器分析: instrumental analysis电化学分析: electrochemical analysis 电解法: electrolytic analysis method 电重量法: electtogravimetry 库仑法: coulometry 库仑滴定法: coulometric titration 电导法: conductometry 电导分析法: conductometric analysis 电导滴定法: conductometric titration 电位法: potentiometry 直接电位法: dirext potentiometry 电位滴定法: potentiometric titration 伏安法: voltammetry 极谱法: polarography 溶出法: stripping method 电流滴定法: amperometric titration 化学双电层: chemical double layer 相界电位: phase boundary potential 金属电极电位:electrode potential 化学电池: chemical cell 液接界面: liquid junction boundary 原电池: galvanic cell 电解池: electrolytic cell 负极: cathrode 正极: anode 电池电动势: eletromotive force 指示电极: indicator electrode 参比电极: reference electroade 标准氢电极: standard hydrogen electrode 一级参比电极:primary reference electrode 饱和甘汞电极:standard calomel electrode 银-氯化银电极:silver silver-chloride electrode 液接界面: liquid junction boundary 不对称电位: asymmetry potential 表观 PH 值: apparent PH 复合 PH 电极: combination PH electrode 离子选择电极:ion selective electrode 敏感器: sensor 晶体电极 :crystalline electrodes 均相膜电极: homogeneous membrance electrodes 非均相膜电极:heterog eneous membrance electrodes 非晶体电极: non- crystalline electrodes 刚性基质电极:rigid matrix electrode 流流体载动电极:electrode with a mobile carrier 气敏电极: gas sensing electrodes 酶电极: enzyme electrodes 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管:MOSFET 离子选择场效应管:ISFET 总离子强度调节缓冲剂:total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB 永停滴定法: dead-stop titration 双电流滴定法(双安培滴定法):double amperometric titration 普朗克常数: Plank constant 电磁波谱: electromagnetic spectrum 光谱: spectrum 光谱分析法: spectroscopic analysis 原子发射光谱法:atomic emission spectroscopy 质量谱: mass spectrum 质谱法: mass spectroscopy ,MS 紫外-可见分光光度法:ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰: shoulder peak 末端吸收: end absorbtion 生色团: chromophore 助色团: auxochrome 红移: red shift 长移: bathochromic shift 短移: hypsochromic shift 蓝(紫)移: blue shift 增色效应(浓色效应) :hyperchromic effect 减色效应(淡色效应) :hypochromic effect 强带: strong band 弱带: weak band 吸收带: absorption band 透光率: transmitance,T 吸光度: absorbance 谱带宽度: band width 杂散光: stray light 噪声: noise 暗噪声: dark noise 散粒噪声: signal shot noise 闪耀光栅: blazed grating 全息光栅: holographic graaing 光二极管阵列检测器:photodiode array detector 偏最小二乘法:partial least squares method ,PLS 褶合光谱法: convolution spectrometry 褶合变换: convolution transform,CT 离散小波变换:wavelet transform,WT 多尺度细化分析:multiscale analysis 供电子取代基:electron donating group 吸电子取代基:electron with-drawing group 荧光: fluorescence 荧光分析法: fluorometry X- 射线荧光分析法:X-ray fulorometry 原子荧光分析法:atomic fluorometry 分子荧光分析法:molecular fluorometry 振动弛豫: vibrational relexation 内转换: internal conversion 外转换: external conversion 体系间跨越: intersystem crossing 激发光谱: excitation spectrum 荧光光谱: fluorescence spectrum 斯托克斯位移:Stokes shift 荧光寿命: fluorescence life time 荧光效率: fluorescence efficiency 荧光量子产率:fluorescence quantum yield 荧光熄灭法: fluorescence quemching method 散射光: scattering light 瑞利光: Reyleith scanttering light 拉曼光: Raman scattering light 红外线: infrared ray,IR 中红外吸收光谱:mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR 远红外光谱: Far-IR 微波谱: microwave spectrum,MV 红外吸收光谱法:infrared spectroscopy 红外分光光度法:infrared spectrophotometry 振动形式: mode of vibration 伸缩振动: stretching vibration 对称伸缩振动:symmetrical stretching vibration 不对称伸缩振动:asymmetrical stretching vibration 弯曲振动: bending vibration 变形振动: formation vibration 面内弯曲振动 :in-plane bending vibration, β剪式振动: scissoring vibration, δ面内摇摆振动:rocking vibration, ρ核磁共振: nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR 核磁共振波谱:NMR spectrum 核磁共振波谱法:NMR spectroscopy 扫场: swept field 扫频: seept frequency 连续波核磁共振:continuous wave NMR,CW NMR Fourier 变换 NMR:PFT-NMR,FT-NMR 二维核磁共振谱:2D-NMR 质子核磁共振谱:proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR 氢谱: 1H-NMR 碳- 13 核磁共振谱:13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR 自旋角动量: spin angular momentum 磁旋比: magnetogyric ratio 磁量子数: magnetic quantum number,m 进动: precession 弛豫历程: relaxation mechanism 局部抗磁屏蔽:local diamagnetic shielding 屏蔽常数: shielding constant 化学位移: chemical shift 国际纯粹与应用化学协会:IUPAC 磁各向异性: magnetic anisotropy 远程屏蔽效应:long range shielding effect 结面: nodal plane 自旋-自旋偶合:spin-spin coupling 自旋-自旋分裂:spin=spin splitting 单峰: singlet,s 双峰: doublet,d 三重峰: triplet,t 四重峰: quartet 五重峰: quintet 六重峰: sextet 偕偶: geminal coupling 邻偶: vicinal coupling 远程偶合: long range coupling 磁等价: magnetic eqivalence 自旋系统: spin system 一级光谱: first order spectrum 二级光谱(二级图谱) :second order spectrum C-H 光谱: C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY 质谱分析法: mass spectrometry 质谱: mass spectrum,MS 棒图: bar graph 选择离子检测:selected ion monitoring ,SIM 直接进样: direct probe inlet ,DPI 接口: interface 气相色谱-质谱联用:gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS 高效液相色谱-质谱联用:high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS 电子轰击离子源:electron impact source,EI 离子峰: quasi-molecular ions 化学离子源: chemical ionization source,CI 场电离: field ionization,FI 场解析: field desorptiion,FD 快速原子轰击离子源:fast stom bombardment ,FAB 质量分析器: mass analyzer 磁质谱仪: magnetic-sector mass spectrometer 四极杆质谱仪(四极质谱仪):quadrupole mass spectrometer 原子质量单位 :amu 离子丰度: ion abundance 相对丰度 (相对强度 ):relative avundance 基峰: base peak 质量范围: mass range 分辨率: resolution 灵敏度: sensitivity 信噪比: S/N 分子离子: molecular ion 碎片离子: fragment ion 同位素离子: isotopic ion 亚稳离子: metastable ion 亚稳峰: metastable peak 母离子: paren ion 子离子: daughter 含奇数个电子的离子:odd electron 含偶数个电子的离子:even eletron,EE 均裂: homolytic cleavage 异裂(非均裂) :heterolytic cleavage 半均裂: hemi-homolysis cleavage 重排: rearragement 分子量: MW α-裂解: α-cleavage 固定相: stationary phase 化学键合相: chemically bonde phase 封尾、封顶、遮盖:end capping 手性固定相: chiral stationary phase,CSP 恒组成溶剂洗脱:isocraic elution 梯度洗脱: gradient elution 紫外检测器: ultraviolet detector,UVD 荧光检测器: fluorophotomeric detector,FD 电化学检测器:ECD 示差折光检测器:RID 光电二极管检测器:photodiode array detector ,DAD 三维光谱-波谱图:3D-spectrochromatogram 蒸发光散射检测器:evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD 释药系统( drug delivery system ,DDS)中国药典( Chinese Pharmacopoeia,ChP)美国药典( The United States Pharmacopoeia,USP)美国国家处方集(The National Formulary,NF )英国药典( British Pharmacopoeia,BP)欧洲药典( European Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup)国际药典( The International Pharmacopoeia,Ph.Int )良好药品实验研究规范(Good Laboratory Practice,GLP )良好药品生产规范(Good Manufacture Practice,GMP) 良好药品供应规范(Good Supply Practice,GSP) 良好药品临床试验规范(Good Clinical Practice,GCP) 分析质量管理 (Analytical Quality Control,AQC) 边缘效应edge effect 斑点定位法localization of spot 放射自显影法autoradiography 原位定量in situ quantitation 生物自显影法bioautography 归一法normalization method 内标法internal standard method 外标法external standard method 叠加法addition method 普适校准 (曲线、函数 ) calibration function or curve [function] 谱带扩展 (加宽 ) band broadening (分离作用的 )校准函数或校准曲线universal calibration function or curve [of separation] 加宽校正broadening correction 加宽校正因子broadening correction factor 溶剂强度参数ε0,solvent strength parameter 洗脱序列eluotropic series 洗脱 (淋洗 ) elution 等度洗脱gradient elution 梯度洗脱gradient elution (再)循环洗脱recycling elution 线性溶剂强度洗脱linear solvent strength gradient 程序溶剂programmed solvent 程序压力programmed pressure 程序流速programmed flow 展开development 上行展开ascending development 下行展开descending development 双向展开two dimensional development 环形展开circular development 离心展开centrifugal development 向心展开centripetal development 径向展开radial development 多次展开multiple development 分步展开stepwise development 连续展开continuous development 梯度展开gradient development 匀浆填充slurry packing 停流进样stop-flow injection 阀进样valve injection 柱上富集on-column enrichment 流出液eluate 柱上检测on-column detection 柱寿命column life 柱流失column bleeding 显谱visualization 活化activation 反冲back flushing 脱气degassing 沟流channeling 过载overloading 分析化学方面的词汇abatement 1: 减少2:消除;ablution 1:清洗2:洗净液;abnormal distribution 1: 非正态分布;above-critical 临界以上的;above proof 超过标准;abrasive 1:磨料,研磨机;abrupt change ! :陡变2: (滴定)突跃;absolute calibration curve method 绝对校准曲线法;absolution configuration 绝对构型;absolute deviation 绝对偏差;absolute error 绝对误差;absolute ethyl alcohol 无水乙醇;absolute humidity 绝对湿度;absolute manometer 绝对压力计;absolute isotopic abundance measurement 绝对同位素丰度测量;absolute precision 绝对精密度;absolute sensitivity 绝对灵敏度;absolute mobility 绝对淌度;absolute retention time 绝对保留时间;absolute refractive index 绝对折射率;absolute stability constant 绝对稳定常数;absolute temperature 绝对温度;absorbance index =absorptivity 1 :吸收系数2:吸光系数;absorbance 吸收度,吸光度;absorbance ratio 吸光度比值;absorbed dose 吸收计量;absorbed layer (被)吸收层;absorbent 吸收剂;吸收的,有吸收力的;absorbing band 吸收带;absorption 吸收;absorption chamber 吸收室;absorption factor 吸收率;absorption index 吸收指数;absorption peak 吸收峰;absorption power 吸收能力;absorption region 吸收范围;absorption spectroscopy 吸收光谱法;absorption spectrum 吸收光谱;absorption tube support 吸收管架;absorption value 吸收值;abundance 丰度;abundance of element 元素丰度;accelerator (粒子)加速器;acceptable life 有效使用寿命;acceptance quality level (AQL )合格质量标准;acceptance level 验收标准;accidental error 偶然误差;accessory substance 副产物;accommodation 调节;accuracy 准确度;acetaldehyde 乙醛;acetic acid 乙酸;acetic anhydride 乙酸酐;acetoacetic ester 乙酰乙酸酯;acetone 丙酮;acetone titration 丙酮滴定法;acetylation 乙酰化;acetylene 乙炔;acetyl group 乙酰基;acetylenic bond 炔键;三键;achiral molecule 非手性分子;acidate 酸化,酰化;acid-base equilibrium 算见平衡,acid degree 酸度;acid dissociation constant 酸离解常数;acidic 酸式,酸性的;acidic solvent 酸性溶剂;acidity 酸度;acidometer=acidimeter 酸度计;acticarbon 活性炭;activate 活化,激活,使⋯产生放射性;activated state 活化态;activating 活化;activating agent 活化剂;activator 激活剂;active center 活性中心;active group 活性基团;active mass 有效质量;active site 活性点;actual column plate 实际塔板数;adapter tube 接管;additional peak 附加峰;additivity 加和性;adjacent 相邻的,邻位的; 科技汉语常用动词的英译法:1. 表明, 表示 , 说明, 证明表明 : show, indicate, denote, signify Calculations indicate that... Preliminary results indicate that... Recent study has indicated that... The available data indicate that Experience has shown that... Present results show that... Previouse work has shown that... This investigation shows that... 表示 : show, indicate, express, demonstrate, illustrate, represent Fig. 2 demonstrates/shows/indicates/illustrates that... In the diagram, plump lines represent the observed results. 说明 : show, explain, illustrate, interpret explain how a machine works to be illustrated by examples The result shows clearly that this procedure is correct. To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter. 证明 : show, prove as analyses show that... 分析证明as fact showed that... It goes to prove that... It has been proved that... 一切证明There has been evidence that... 已经证明Countless facts have proved this point 无数事实证明了这一点证实 : confirm, verify, support remain to be confirmed 有待证实verify a scientific hypothesis It supports the fact that Equation(1-7) can be easily verified by differentiating equation (1-6) 2. 获得, 得到 , 得出结论获得 : "获得 " 的宾语多是抽象的事物win liberation win the first prize win acclaim/earn favourable comment 获得好评achieve great success acquire knowledge In order to obtain a higher temperature it is necessary to raise the pressure. 得到 : "得到 " 的宾语多是具体的东西get, obtain, gain get timely medical treatment By studying the sketch, we can get an idea of the operation of a simple laser. 研究一下简图, 我们就能对简单激光器的操作得到一个概念。

      得出结论 : reach/draw/form/make a conclusion come to a conclusion arrive at a conclusion conclude What conclusion did you draw from the investigation.They concluded after investigation that this region was not poor in oil. 3. 构成, 组成 , 包括构成 : form, constitute, compose, make up 组成 : form, make up, compose, constitute 包括 : include, comprise, consist of, incorporate 应注意以下几点: ①如果主语是构成的整体compose 要用被动语态, 如果主语是构成整体的部分compose 要用主动语态 : 误: The sea mainly composes water and salt. 正:The sea is mainly composed of water and salt. ②Hydrogen and oxygen make water. ③Every five persons constitute a group. ④The presidium consists of 148 delegates. 主席团由148 人组成。

      ⑤consist of 表示 "由......组成 ", consist 是不及物动词, 虽然在汉语看来像被动语态, 但在英语却是主动语态由于此词是不及物动词不能用被动语态⑥comprise 是一个双面动词, 其主语既可以是构成的整体, 也可以是构成的部分此词不用被动语态Our course of study comprises five subjects. or Five subjects comprise our course of study . 4. 利用, 使用 , 应用利用 : use, make use of, employ, exploit, utilize New technology must be developed to exploit the new resources. Make full use of the latest achievement in science and technology. 使用 : use, make use of, employ The new machine has come into use. "come into use" 行为的主体是物The new machine has been put into use/operation. "put into use" 行为的主体是人应用 : apply (+ to) applied science 应用科学apply theory to practice 5. 检查, 检验 , 试验 检查 : examine check up, look over Steam lines should be checked for corrosion. Look over your excercises before handing them in. 检验 : test, inspect, judge Strictly examine the quility of the products. To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter. 试验 : 试: try 验: test He tried his new method on oxygen 他用氧试验他的新方法。

      A pulsed laser system has been tested on a satellite.6. 查, 查对 , 查明, 查阅查: 查字典 : look up, read up, consult, find out 误: look up a dictionary 正: look up a word in a dictionary 正: consult a dictionary 查资料 : read up the literature Find out the cause of the accident! 查对 : check, verify check the data verified/examined and found correct 查明 : prove, find out find out the truth It has been established that.../investigation reveals that find out how something started and developed 查明某事的来龙去脉查阅 : consult technical data/look up technical literature He looked through a number of journals. 7. 完成, 完结 , 完工完成 : complete, be ready, accomplish, fulfil, finish complete one's mission accomplish a task fulfil the state plan 完结 : end, be over, finish This is not the end of the matter. 完工 : complete a project, finish doing sth., get through It took only one month to complete the bridge. finish a piece of writing/ complete the manuscript 8. 讨论, 商量 , 商榷, 探讨 讨论 : discuss sth., (talk sth. over with sb.) Electricity production is discussed later in detail. 商量 : consult sb.. talk sth. over with sb. Consult the masses when matters arise. 有事与群众商量We ought to talk it over with Mr.Smith. 商榷 : dicuss, deliberate with sb. over sth. This point is open to question 这一点值得商榷。

      Here are a few points I wish to discuss with you. 探讨 : look/enquire/probe/ go into, approach approach a subject from different angles 生理学词汇消化( digestion)和吸收( absorption) 、慢波电位( slow wave potential )或基本电节律(basic electricalrhythm ) 、胃肠激素( gastrointestinal hormone) 、脑-肠肽( brain-gut peptide) 、蠕动( peristalsis) 、粘液 -碳酸氢盐屏障(mucus-bicarbonate barrier) 、肠胃反射( entero-gastric reflex ) 、容受性舒张( receptive relaxation) 、胃排空( gastric emptying ) 、胆盐的肠肝循环(enterohepatic circulation of bile salts ) 、分节运动( segmentation contraction) 、集团蠕动( mass peristalsis)能量代谢( energy metabolism)食物的热价( themal equivalent of food )食物的氧热价(thermal equivalent of oxygen )呼吸商( respiratory quotient )基础代谢 (basal metabolism) 基础代谢率 (basal metabolism rate, BMR)体温 (body temperature) 战栗产热 (shivering thermogenisis) 非战栗产热 (non-shivering thermogenesis) 辐射散热 (thermal radiation) 传导散热 (thermal conduction) 对流散热 (them1a1 convection) 蒸发散热 (evaporation) 不感蒸发 (insensible perspiration) 发汗 (sweating)或可感蒸发 (sendbie evaporation) 热敏神经元 (warm-sensitive neuron) 冷敏神经元 (cold-sensitive neuron) 肾单位(nephron) 肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate, GFR)滤过分数( fildtrationfraction )有效滤过压( effective filtration pressure )水利尿( water diuresis)渗透性利尿( osmotic diuresis )重吸收 ( reabsoption) 管-球反馈( tubuloglomerular feedback )滤过平衡( filtration equilibrium )清除率( clearance)球-管平衡(glomerulotubular balance )肾素 -血管紧张素 -醛固酮系统(renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system )感受器 (receptor)、感觉器官适宜刺激( adequate stimulus)换能作用、感受器电位(receptor potential)发生器电位( generator potential)编码作用( coding)适应现象( adaptation)简化眼( reduced eye)视敏度( visual acuity )眼的调节( visual accommodation)正视眼、近点 (near point of vision) 近视( myopia)远视( hyperopia)散光( astimatism)老视、瞳孔对光反射、互感性对光反射、夜盲症(nyctalopia)暗适应( dark adaptation)明适应( light adaptation )视野( visual field )听阈( hearing threshold)最大可听阈、听域、气导(air conduction )骨导( bone conduction)耳蜗微音器电位(microphonic potential )前庭反应、眼震颤(nystagmus)神经元( neuron)神经冲动( nerve impulse)轴浆运输( axoplasmic transport )突触后电位( postsynaptic potential )兴奋性突触后电位(EPSP)抑制性突触后电位(IPSP)突触后抑制( postsynaptic inhibition )突触前抑制( presynaptic inhibition )突触前易化 (presynaptic facilitation) 突触延搁 (synaptic delay) 电突触传递( electric synaptic transmission ) 神经递质( neurotransmitter)胆碱能纤维( cholinergic fiber )肾上腺素能纤维(adrenergic fiber)特异性投射系统(specific projection system )非特异性投射系统(non- specific projection system )皮层诱发电位(evoked cortical potential )牵涉痛( referred pain)肌紧张( muscle tonus)腱反射( tendon reflex)脊休克( spinal shock)牵张反射( stretch reflex)去大脑僵直( decerebrate rigidity )条件反射( conditioned reflex )非条件反射( unconditioned reflex )第一信号系统(firstsignal system )第二信号系统(second signal system)脑电图 electroencephalograme,EEG)α波阻断( α-block)慢波睡眠( slow wave sleep)激素( hormone )远距分泌( telecrine)旁分泌( paracrine)自分泌( autocrine)神经激素( neurohormone)神经分泌( neurocrine)允许作用( permissive action)亲和力( affinity )上调( up regulation)下调( down regulation)下丘脑调节肽(hypothalamic regulatory peptide )侏儒症( dwarfism )肢端肥大症( acromegaly)呆小症( cretinism)应激( stress)生理学( physiology)内环境( internal environment )稳态( homeostasis)神经调节( nervous regulation)体液调节( humoral regulation )自身调节( autoregulation)激素 (hormone) 旁分泌( paracrine) 神经分泌( neurosecretion)负反馈( negative feedback)正反馈( positive feedback)前馈控制( feed-forward control) 。

      流体镶嵌模型(fluid mosaic model),单纯扩散( simple diffusion ) ,通透性 (permeability), 易化扩散(facilitated diffusion ),离子通道 (ion channel), 化学门控通道 (chemically-gated channel), 电压门控通道 (voltage-gated channel),机械性门控通道(mechanically-gated channel),主动转运 (active transport),钠-钾泵(sodium-potassium pump) ,继发性主动转运 (secondary active transport ) ,出胞( exocytosis) ,入胞( endocytosis),跨膜信号转导(transmembrane signal transduction), 促离子型受体 (ionotropic receptor) ,促代谢性受体(metabotropic receptor ), 兴奋性 excitability) 、兴奋 (excitation) 、静息电位 (resting potential) 、极化 (polarization) 、超极化 (hyperpolarization) 、去极化或除极化(depolarization) 、复极化 (repolarization) 、动作电位 (action potential) 、绝对不应期 (absolute refractory period)、相对不应期(relative refractory period)、阈电位(threshold membrane potential)、阈强度 (threshold intensity) 、局部兴奋(local excitation) 、量子式释放(quantal release)、终板电位 (endplate potential)、肌原纤维 (myofifbril)、肌小节 (sarcomere) 、肌管系统( sarcotubular system) 、兴奋 -收缩藕联(excitation-contraction coupling) 血细胞比容(hematocrit) 、晶体渗透压(crystal osmotic pressure) 、胶体渗透压 (colloid osmotic pressure) 、等张溶液 (isotonic solution) 、红细胞的悬浮稳定性(suspension stability) 、红细胞沉降率(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR) 、红细胞叠连(rouleaux formation) 心动周期( cardiac cycle) 、每搏输出量(stroke volume)、舒张末期容量(end-diastolic volume) 、收缩末期容量(end-systolic volume) 、射血分数 ( ejection fraction) 、心输出量 (cardiac output) 、心指数 (cardiac index )、 心肌收缩能力(cardiac contractility) 、心力储备(cardiac reserve)、兴奋性 (excitability) 、自律性 (autorhythmicity) 、传导性 (conductivity) 、收缩性 (contractivity) 、绝对不应期(absolute refractory period) 、有效不应期(effective refractory period)、相对不应期( relative refractory period) 、 血 压 (blood pressure)、收 缩 压( systolic pressure,SP) 、 舒 张 压 ( diastolic pressure,DP ) 、脉压( pulse pressure) 、平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP) 、动脉脉搏 (arterial pulse) 、 中心静脉压 (central venous pressure, CVP) 、 压力感受性反射 (baroreceptor reflex)呼吸( respiration) 、腹式呼吸( abdominal breathing ) 、胸式呼吸( thoracic breathing ) 、肺内压 (intrapulmonary pressure ) 、胸膜腔内压 (intrapleural pressure) 、跨肺压( transpulmonary pressure) 、气胸( pneumothorax) 、顺应性 (compliance) 、表面张力 (surface tension)、表面活性物质(surface active substance, surfactant)、潮气量 (tidal volume) 、余气量( residual volume) 、功能余气量(functional residualcapacity) 、肺活量 (vital capacity) 、时间肺活量( timed vital capacity ) 、每分通气量 (minute ventilation volume) 、肺泡通气量 ( alveolar ventilation volume) 、无效腔 (dead space)、呼吸膜 (respiratory membrane) 、肺扩散容量 (pulmonary diffusion capacity) 、通气 /血流比值 (ventilation/perfusion ratio) 、血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation) 、氧解离曲线(oxygen dissociation curve ) 、呼吸神经元(respiratory neuron ) 、肺牵张反射或Hering-Breuer 反射( pulmonary stretch reflex or Hering-Breuer reflex) 、中枢化学感受器( central chemoreceptor) 、外周化学感受器(peripheral chemoreceptor ) 。

      世界 500强制药企业名称中英对照排名公司名称中文名称总部收入百万美元77Pfizer辉瑞美国45950.092Johnson & Johnson强生美国41862.0114GlaxoSmithKline 葛兰素史克英国35050.9193Novartis诺华瑞士24864.0205Roche Group 罗氏瑞士23212.9222Merck默克美国22485.9239Bristol-Myers Squibb 百时美施贵宝美国20894.0248Aventis 安万特法国20162.4254Abbott Laboratories雅培美国19680.6269AstraZeneca阿斯利康英国18849.0330Wyeth 惠氏美国15850.6433Eli Lilly 礼来大药厂美国12582.5100BASF巴斯夫德国37757.0125Dow Chemical 道化学美国32632.0129Bayer 拜耳德国32331.1365Akzo Nobel 阿克苏诺贝尔荷兰14770.7英文缩略语5-FU 5- 氟尿嘧啶5-HT 5- 羟色胺6-MP 6- 巯基嘌呤A/G 白球蛋白比率ACD 酸性枸橼酸葡萄糖ACP 酸性磷酸酶ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素ADH 抗利尿激素ADP 二磷酸腺苷 AFP 甲(种)胎(儿)蛋白AHF 抗血友病因子AKP 碱性磷酸酶ALL 急性淋巴细胞性白血病ALS 抗淋巴细胞血清ALT(GPT) 丙氨酸转氨酶AMA抗线粒体抗体AMI 急性心肌梗塞AML 急性粒细胞性白血病AMP 一磷酸腺苷ANA抗核抗体APC 复方阿司匹林AST(GOT) 天冬氨酸转氨酶ATN 急性肾小管坏死ATP 三磷酸腺苷BCG 卡介苗BCNU 卡氮芥BMR 基础代谢率BP 血压BSA (1) 牛血清白蛋白;(2)体表面积BSP 磺溴酞钠BT 出血时间BUN 血尿素氮BV 血容量C3 补体 3 cAMP 环磷酸腺苷CAPD 不卧床的持续性腹膜透析CB-1348 苯丁酸氮芥CBG 皮质类固醇结合球蛋白CCNU 环己亚硝脲CCU 冠心病监护病室CEA 癌胚抗原cGMP 环磷鸟苷CIC 循环免疫复合物CIEP 对流免疫电泳CLL 慢性淋巴细胞性白血病CML 慢性粒细胞性白血病CMV 巨细胞病毒CNS 中枢神经系统CO2cp 二氧化碳结合力CoA 辅酶 ACO 心输出量CPBA 竞争性蛋白结合分析CPC 临床病理讨论会 CPK 肌酸磷酸激酶cpm 每分钟计数CSF 脑脊髓液CT (1) 电算机体层摄影;(2) 血凝时间CVP 中心静脉压DIC 播散性血管内凝血DMSA二巯基丁二酸DNase 脱氧核糖核酸酶DNA脱氧核糖核酸DNCB 二硝基氯苯DOCA醋酸脱氧皮质酮dpm 每分钟衰变数DSA 数字减影血管造影DSS 登革休克综合征DTPA 二乙三胺五乙酸ECG;EKG 心电图EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸EEG 脑电图EHF 流行性出血热EIA免疫酶法ELISA酶联免疫吸附试验EMCP 肌电图ENT 耳鼻咽喉ERCP 逆行胰胆管造影ESR 红细胞沉降率FSH-RH 促卵泡素释放激素FSH 促卵泡素FT4I 游离甲状腺素指数FT4 游离甲状腺素GABAα-氨基丁酸GH 生长激素GTT 葡萄糖耐量试验HAI;HI 血凝抑制试验HAV 甲型肝炎病毒HBc Ag 乙型肝炎核心抗原HBeAg 乙型肝炎e 抗原HBsAg 乙型肝炎表面抗原HBV 乙型肝炎病毒Hb 血红蛋白HCG 人绒毛膜促性腺激素HCV 丙型肝炎病毒HDL 高密度脂蛋白HDV 丁型肝炎病毒HEV 戊型肝炎病毒 HIV 人粪免疫缺陷病毒HLA人白细胞抗原系统HP 高倍视野ICU 危重症病人监护病室IFA 免疫萤光法Ig 免疫球蛋白ITP 特发性血小板减少性紫癜IU 国际单位IVU 静脉尿路造影JBE 日本乙型脑炎keV 千电子伏LATS 长效甲状腺刺激素LD50 半致死量LDH 乳酸脱氢酶LDL 低密度脂蛋白LH-RH 黄体生成素释放激素LH 黄体生成素LP 低倍视野MAA巨聚白蛋白MCHG 平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度MCV 平均红细胞体积MDP 亚甲基二磷酸MRI(NMR) 磁共振(核磁共振)成像MTX 氨甲蝶呤NHL 非何杰金淋巴瘤NPN 非蛋白氮OT 旧结核菌素PaCO2 动脉血二氧化碳分压PAGE 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PaO2 动脉血氧分压PAS 对氨基水杨酸PBI 蛋白结石碘PBS 磷酸盐缓冲液PB 磷酸盐缓冲剂PCR 聚合酶链反应PG 前列腺素PHA 植物血凝素:被动血凝试验pH 酸碱度(氢离子浓度负指数)PPD 结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物PSP 酚磺酞(酚红)PTC 经皮肝穿刺胆道造影PTH 甲状旁腺激素PT 凝血酶原时间rbc 红细胞 RBC 红细胞计数RES 网状内皮系统RF 类风湿因子RIA 放射免疫分析RNA核糖核酸rpm 每分钟转速(现改用r/min)RV 轮状病毒SaO2 氧饱和度SBE 亚急性细菌性心内膜炎SLE 系统性红斑狼疮SPECT 单光子发射计算机断层图像检查T3 三碘甲状腺原氨酸T4 甲状腺素TBG 甲状腺素结合球蛋白TG 甘油三酯Tg 甲状腺球蛋白TRH 促甲状腺激素释放激素TSH 促甲状腺激素TTT 麝香草酚浊度试验U 单位VLDL 极低密度脂蛋白Wbc 白细胞WBC 白细胞计数WHO 世界卫生组织英汉统计名词对照 A abscissa 横坐标absence rate 缺勤率absolute number 绝对数absolute value 绝对值accident error 偶然误差accumulated frequency 累积频数alternative hypothesis备择假设analysis of data 分析资料analysis of variance(ANOV A) 方差分析arith-log paper 算术对数纸arithmetic mean 算术均数assumed mean 假定均数arithmetic weighted mean 加权算术均数asymmetry coefficient 偏度系数average 平均数average deviation 平均差B bar chart 直条图、条图bias 偏性binomial distribution 二项分布biometrics 生物统计学bivariate normal population 双变量正态总体C cartogram 统计图case fatality rate(or case mortality) 病 死率census 普查chi-sguare(X2) test 卡方检验central tendency 集中趋势class interval 组距classification 分组、分类cluster sampling 整群抽样coefficient of correlation 相关系数coefficient of regression 回归系数coefficient of variability(or coefficieut of variation) 变异系数collection of data 收集资料column 列(栏)combinative table 组合表combined standard deviation 合并标准差combined variance(or poolled variance) 合并方差complete survey 全面调查completely correlation 完全相关completely random design 完全随机设计confidence interval 可信区间,置信区间 confidence level 可信水平,置信水平confidence limit 可信限,置信限constituent ratio 构成比,结构相对数continuity 连续性control 对照control group 对照组coordinate 坐标correction for continuity 连续性校正correction for grouping 归组校正correction number 校正数correction value 校正值correlation 相关,联系correlation analysis 相关分析correlation coefficient 相关系数critical value 临界值cumulative frequency 累积频率D data 资料degree of confidence 可信度,置信度degree of dispersion 离散程度degree of freedom 自由度degree of variation 变异度dependent variable 应变量design of experiment 实验设计deviation from the mean 离均差diagnose accordance rate 诊断符合率difference with significance 差别不显著difference with significance 差别显著discrete variable 离散变量dispersion tendency离中趋势distribution 分布、分配E effective rate 有效率eigenvalue 特征值enumeration data 计数资料equation of linear regression 线性回归方程error 误差error of replication 重复误差error of type II Ⅱ型错误,第二类误差error of type I Ⅰ型错误,第一类误差estimate value 估计值event 事件experiment design 实验设计experiment error 实验误差 experimental group 实验组extreme value 极值F fatality rate 病死率field survey 现场调查fourfold table 四格表freguency频数freguency distribution 频数分布G Gaussian curve 高斯曲线geometric mean 几何均数grouped data 分组资料H histogram直方图homogeneity of variance 方差齐性homogeneity test of variances 方差齐性检验hypothesis test 假设检验hypothetical universe 假设总体I incidence rate 发病率incomplete survey 非全面调检indepindent variable 自变量indivedual difference 个体差异infection rate 感染率inferior limit 下限initial data 原始数据inspection of data 检查资料intercept 截距interpolation method 内插法interval estimation 区间估计inverse correlation 负相关K kurtosis coefficient 峰度系数L latin sguare design 拉丁方设计least significant difference 最小显著差数least square method 最小平方法,最小乘法leptokurtic distribution 尖峭态分布leptokurtosis 峰态,峭度linear chart 线图linear correlation 直线相关linear regression 直线回归linear regression eguation 直线回归方程link relative 环比 logarithmic normal distribution 对数正态分布logarithmic scale 对数尺度lognormal distribution 对数正态分布lower limit 下限M matched pair design 配对设计mathematical statistics 数理统计(学)maximum value 极大值mean 均值mean of population 总体均数mean square 均方mean variance 均方,方差measurement data 讲量资料median 中位数medical statistics 医学统计学mesokurtosis 正态峰method of least squares 最小平方法,最小乘法method of grouping 分组法method of percentiles 百分位数法mid-value of class 组中值minimum value 极小值mode 众数moment 动差,矩morbidity 患病率mortality 死亡率N natality 出生率natural logarithm 自然对数negative correlation 负相关negative skewness 负偏志no correlation 无相关non-linear correlation 非线性相关non-parametric statistics 非参数统计normal curve 正态曲线normal deviate正态离差normal distribution 正态分布normal population 正态总体normal probability curve 正态概率曲线normal range 正常范围normal value 正常值normal kurtosis 正态峰normality test 正态性检验nosometry 患病率null hypothesis 无效假设,检验假设 O observed unit 观察单位observed value 观察值one-sided test 单测检验one-tailed test 单尾检验order statistic 顺序统计量ordinal number 秩号ordinate 纵坐标P pairing data 配对资料parameter参数percent 百分率percentage 百分数,百分率percentage bar chart 百分条图percentile 百分位数pie diagram 园图placebo 安慰剂planning of survey 调查计划point estimation 点估计population 总体,人口population mean 总体均数population rate 总体率population variance 总体方差positive correlation 正相关positive skewness 正偏态power of a test 把握度,检验效能prevalence rate 患病率probability 概率,机率probability error 偶然误差proportion 比,比率prospective study 前瞻研究prospective survey 前瞻调查public health statistics 卫生统计学Q quality eontrol 质量控制quartile 四分位数R random 随机random digits 随机数字random error 随机误差random numbers table 随机数目表random sample 随机样本random sampling 随机抽样random variable 随机变量 randomization 随机化randomized blocks 随机区组 ,随机单位组randomized blocks analysis of variance 随机单位组方差分析randomized blocks design 随机单位组设计randomness 随机性range 极差、全距range of normal values正常值范围rank 秩,秩次 ,等级rank correlation 等级相关rank correlation coefficent 等级相关系数rank-sum test 秩和检验rank test 秩(和 )检验ranked data 等级资料rate 率ratio 比recovery rate 治愈率registration 登记regression 回归regression analysis 回归分析regression coefficient 回归系数regression eguation 回归方程relative number 相对数relative ratio 比较相对数relative ratio with fixed base 定基比remainder error 剩余误差replication 重复retrospective survey 回顾调查Ridit analysis 参照单位分析Ridit value 参照单位值S sample 样本sample average 样本均数sample size 样本含量sampling 抽样sampling error 抽样误差sampling statistics 样本统计量sampling survay 抽样调查scaller diagram 散点图schedule of survey 调查表semi-logarithmic chart 半对数线图semi-measursement data 半计量资料semi-guartile range 四分位数间距sensitivity 灵敏度sex ratio 性比例 sign test 符号检验significance 显著性 ,意义significance level 显著性水平significance test 显著性检验significant difference 差别显著simple random sampling 单纯随机抽样simple table 简单表size of sample 样本含量skewness 偏态slope 斜率sorting data 整理资料sorting table 整理表sources of variation 变异来源square deviation 方差standard deviation(SD) 标准差standard error (SE) 标准误standard error of estimate 标准估计误差standard error of the mean 均数的标准误standardization 标准化standardized rate 标化率standardized normal distribution 标准正态分布statistic 统计量statistics 统计学statistical induction 统计图statistical inference 统计归纳statistical map 统计推断statistical method 统计地图statistical survey 统计方法statistical table统计调查statistical test 统计表statistical treatment 统计检验stratified sampling 统计处理stochastic variable 分层抽样sum of cross products of 随机变量deviation from mean 离均差积和sum of ranks 秩和sum of sguares of deviation from mean 离均差平方和superior limit 上限 survival rate 生存率symmetry 对称 (性) systematic error 系统误差systematic sampling 机械抽样T t-distribution t 分布t-testt 检验 tabulation method 划记法test of normality 正态性检验test of one-sided 单侧检验test of one-tailed 单尾检验test of significance 显著性检验test of two-sided 双侧检验test of two-tailed 双尾检验theoretical frequency 理论频数theoretical number 理论数treatment 处理treatment factor 处理因素treatment of date 数据处理two-factor analysis of variance 双因素方差分析two-sided test 双侧检验two-tailed test 双尾检验type I error 第一类误差type II error 第二类误差typical survey 典型调查U u test u 检验universe 总体 ,全域ungrouped data 未分组资料upper limit 上限V variable 变量variance 方差 ,均方variance analysis 方差分析variance ratio 方差比variate 变量variation coefficient 变异系数velocity of development 发展速度velocity of increase 增长速度W weight 权数weighted mean 加权均数Zzero correlation 零相关 1-NEP N-乙基吡咯酮1-NMP N-甲基吡咯酮2G-β-CYD 二葡糖基--环糊精2-HP-β-CYD 2-羟丙基--环糊精5-NCP 5-羧基吡咯酮5-NMP 5-甲基吡咯酮Accelerated testing 加速试验Acrylic acid resin 丙烯酸树酯Active targeting preparation 主动靶向制剂Adersive dispersion-type TTS 粘胶分散型TTSAdhersive strength 粘附力Adhesion 粘附性Adhesives 粘合剂Aerosil 微粉硅胶Aerosol 气雾剂Aerosol of micropowders for inspiration 吸入粉雾剂Aethylis oleas油酸乙酯Agglomerate 聚结物Aggregation 聚集Air suspension 空气悬浮法Alarm clock 闹钟Alcohol 乙醇All-trans 全反式Alterntae addition method 两相交替加入法Amebocyte lysate 变形细胞溶解物Amorphous forms 无定型Angle of repose 休止角Antiadherent 抗粘剂Antioxidants 抗氧剂Antisepesis 防腐Apparent solubility 表现溶解度Aprotinin 抑酞酶Aquacoat 乙基纤维素水分散体Aromatic waters 芳香水剂Arrhenius 方程阿仑尼乌斯方程Ascabin 苯甲酸酯Aseptic technique 无菌操作法Azone 氮酮Azone 氮酮Ball mill 球磨机Base adsorption 基质吸附率Bases 基质Beeswax 蜂蜡Bending 弯曲力 BHA 叔丁基对羟基茴香醚BHT 二叔丁基对甲酚Bioavailability 生物利用度Biochemical approach 生物学方法Biopharmaceutics 生物药剂学Biotechnology 生物技术Bond 学说中等粉碎(粒径)Bound water 结合水分Breakage (Bk) 脆碎度Brij 泽、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚Brij 聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚Buccal tablets 颊额片Bulk density 松密度Bulk density 松密度、堆密度Burst effect 突释效应CA 醋酸纤维素CAB 醋酸纤维素丁酸酯Cabomer 羟基乙烯共聚物Caking 结饼CAP 醋酸纤维素酞酸酯CAP 邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素CAP 邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素CAP 邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素CAP 邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素Capillary state 毛细管状Capsules 胶囊剂Carbomer 卡波姆、羧基乙烯共聚物Carbopol 卡波普Carbopol 934 卡波普Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium 羟甲基纤维素钠Carboxymethyl starch sodium CMS-Na 羧甲基淀粉纳Carboxymethylcellulose sodium CMC-Na 羧甲基纤维素纳CAT 醋酸纤维素苯三酸酯CD 圆二色谱法Cellulose acetate (CA) 醋酸纤维素Cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) 醋酸纤维素酞酸醋Central composite design (CCD) 星点设计Cera aseptical pro osse bone wax 骨蜡Ceramide 神经酰胺Cetomacrogol 聚乙二醇与十六醇缩合Chemical approach 化学方法Chewable tablets 咀嚼片Chitin 壳多糖Chitosan 壳聚糖 Chronopathology 时辰病理学Chronopharmacology 时辰药理学Clausius-Clapeyron 方程克劳修斯-克拉珀龙方程Clinical pharmaceutics 临床药剂学Cloud point 对聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂CMC-Na 羧甲基纤维素纳CMC-Na 羧甲基纤维素纳CMC-Na 羟甲基纤维素CMEC 羧甲乙纤维素CMS 羧甲基淀粉CMS-Na 羧甲基淀粉钠Coadminiatration of skin Meta Inh 皮肤代谢抑制剂的合用Coadministraition of chem. P Enh 化学吸收促进剂的合用Coagulation 聚沉Coated tablets 包衣片Coating material 表材Cocoa butter 可可豆脂Cohesion 凝聚性、粘着性Cohesive strength 内聚力Cold compression method 汽压法Cold-homogenization 冷却一匀化法Colon-targeted capsules 结肠靶向胶囊剂Compactibility 成形性Complex coacervation 复凝聚法Compliance 顺应性Compliance 顺应性Compressed tablets 普通片Compressibility 压缩度Compressibility 压缩性Compression 压缩力Compressive work 压缩功Cone and plate viscometer 圆椎平板粘度计Consistency curve 稠度曲线Controllability 可控性Controlled release tablets 控释片Controlled-release preparation 控释制剂Convective mixing 对流混合Convective transport 传递透过Coordination number 配位数Copoly (latic/glycolic) acid 聚乳酸乙醇酸共聚物Core material 表心物Cosolvency 潜溶Cosolvency 潜溶Cosolvent 潜溶剂 Cosolvent 潜溶剂Coulter counter method 库尔特计数法Count basis 个数基准CP 聚羧乙烯CPVP 交联聚乙烯比咯烷酮CRacemization 外消旋作用Creams 乳青剂Creep 蠕变性Cremolphore EL 聚氧乙烯蓖麻油甘油醚Critical relative humidity (CRH) 临界相对湿度Critical relative humidity ( CRH)临界相对湿度Critical velocity 临界速度Critrical micell concentration CMC 临界胶束浓度Croscarmellose sodium CCNa 交联羧甲基纤维素纳Croscarmellose sodium (CCNa) 交联甲基纤维素钠Crospovidone 交联聚维酮Cross-liked polyvinyl pyrrolidone PVPP 交联聚维酮Crushing 粉碎Crystal form 晶型Crystal habit 晶态、晶癖、结晶习性CTS 普通栓剂Cumulative size distribution 累积分布Cutting 剪切力Cyclodextrin (CYD) 环糊精Cylinder model 圆栓体模型Cytotoxicity 细胞素DDS 药物传递系统Decoction 汤剂Degree of circularity 圆形度Degree of sphericility 球形度Delipidization 角质层去脂质化Dextrin 糊精Dialysis cell method 渗析池法Dicetyl phosphate 磷酸二鲸蜡脂Dielectric constant 介电常数Differential scanning calorimetry DSC差示扫描显热法Differential thermal analysis DTA差示热分析法Diffusive mixing 扩散混合Dilatant flow 胀性流动Diluents 稀释剂、填充剂Dimethicone (silicones) 二甲基硅油、硅油、硅酮Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) 二甲基亚砜Dimethylacetamide (DMA) 二甲基乙酰胺Disinfection 消毒 。

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