小额融资和信用信息共享发展趋势和关键问题ppt培训课件.ppt

Micro Finance and Credit Information Sharing: Emerging Trends & Key Issues 小额融资和信用信息共享：发展趋势和关键问题,,,Credit information sharing contributes to…,Lower interest rates More sustainable debt levels Better access to finance,Essential data qualities:,Accuracy TimelinessComprehensiveness,,Positive & negative data from all sources,Small & micro businesses, and lower-income consumers, should benefit at least as much as others because…,Relatively higher costs of smaller loans Poor collateral Poor proof of income,Some sources of micro credit information:,Micro Credit Institutions (MCIs) = NGOs, for-profit lenders and cooperatives Banks & NBFIs Wholesale & retail merchants (e.g. vendors of consumer goods, durables or agricultural or industrial inputs) Public utility companies (gas, water, electricity, (cellular) telephone) Post dated checks Other businesses (accounts receivables),WB Study of Micro Credit Information Sharing—Phase1 世界银行关于小额信贷信息共享的研究－－第一阶段,1. Where & how is micro credit information being formally shared? 小额信贷信息正在哪里并且怎样被分享？[Litmus Test: Inclusion of Micro Credit Institutions (MCIs) = MC NGOs & For-Profit Micro Lenders] 【测试：小额信贷机构的范围 小额信贷机构＝小额信贷非政府组织＋盈利性小额信贷机构】2. What is the scope of micro credit information sharing?小额信贷信息共享的范围是什么？3. What are the main factors & key issues that determine the scope of micro credit information sharing? 决定小额信贷信息共享范围的主要因素和关键问题是什么？,Market structure of selected countries w/ formal micro credit information-sharing 小额信贷信息共享在一些国家的市场结构,Micro credit reporting is also under development in… 小额信贷报告制度在以下国家也在发展,Pakistan巴基斯坦 Morocco摩洛哥,Russia俄罗斯 Armenia亚美尼亚,Albania阿尔巴尼亚 Montenegro蒙特内哥罗,Uganda乌干达 Ecuador厄瓜多尔,,Micro Credit Registry 小额信贷 征信局,,Micro Credit Specialized Registry ONLY: NICARAGUA 小额信贷专门征信局：尼加拉瓜,,12 MCI s report & consult 12个小额信贷机构的报告和咨询,,,Very few merchants consult 极少的商业咨询,Utilities 公用事业,,Socio- Demographic data & Public Registries E.g courts, liens 社会人口资料和公众登记资料，例如：法院、留置权等,,Micro AND Non-Micro Specialized Credit Registries: GUATEMALA 小额和非小额信贷专门征信局：危地马拉,2 banks report their MC portfolios 两家银行报告了他们的小额信贷资产组合,4 MCIs report, and 10 consult 4家小额信贷机构报告，10家咨询,Credit Cards Co. 信用卡公司,,CR征信局,,,,,,CR征信局,,,CR征信局,,CR征信局,,Micro Credit Registry 小额信贷征信局,Socio- Demographic data & Public Registries E.g courts, liens 社会人口资料和公众登记资料，例如：法院、留置权等,,,,,,,,,MCIs小额信贷机构,,,,Consumer & Micro Loan Database 消费者和小额贷款者数据库,,,,Larger MCIs 大型小额信贷机构,Micro AND Non-Micro Specialized Credit Registries: SOUTH AFRICA 小额和非小额信贷专门征信局：南非,,,,Micro Credit Registry 小额信贷征信局,Micro Credit Registry 小额信贷征信局,Micro Credit Registry 小额信贷征信局,,,,Socio- Demographic data & Public Registries E.g courts, liens 社会人口资料和公众登记资料，例如：法院、留置权等,Larger MCIs 大型小额信贷机构,,,,Micro & ConsumerData 小额消费者资料,Micro & Consumer Data 小额消费者资料,,,,,,,Largest MCIs report & consult 最大的小额信贷机构报告和咨询,Credit Card Cos. 信用卡公司,Inclusive Credit Registries (Micro & Non-Micro) ONLY: Bosnia 综合性征信局（包括小额和非小额信贷）：波斯尼亚,CR,,CR征信局,Bank Superintendency 银行监管,,,,,Largest MCIs report & consult,Credit Card Cos.,Inclusive Credit Registries ONLY: COLOMBIA,,CR,Bank Superintendency,,,,For Profit MC Specialized,,,,Non Profit MC Specialized,For Profit MC Inclusive,Non Profit MC Inclusive,Brazil,Brazil,Brazil,Colombia,Peru,Philippines,Coverage & consultation rates, selected CRs,,Brazil; 46,000,000,Philippines; 1,800,000,Brazil; 120,000,000,Colombia; 12,000,000,Peru; 3,720,000,Bosnia: 450,000,South Africa; 2,500,000,El Salvador; 445,000,Guatemala; 99,362,Nicaragua; 130,625,,,,Haiti; 8,400,Benin; 3,750,Bolivia; 161,500,,,Integrating micro credit information 整合小额信贷信息,When does it make sense? Depends on… 这一举措什么时候产生效应？有赖于： Numbers of formal creditors 正式放贷者数目 Degree of client overlap 客户交迭的程度How feasible is it? Depends on… 可行性怎样？有赖于： Ability to distinguish borrowers --unique IDs区分借款者的能力－－唯一的身份鉴定 Level of development & Scale of MCI operations 小额信贷机构的发展水平和规模 Problems of data quality/timeliness of reporting数据质量和报告时间问题 Revenues must cover IT investments & consultation fees 收入必须要超过信息技术投资和咨询费用 Demand for micro borrower data 对小额借款人资料的需求,How to achieve better integration? 怎样达到更好的整合？,Private Sector 私有部门 Organize into associations to:组成协会的形式 Lobby credit registries for inclusion;说服征信局进行综合 Standardize reporting, validate data;标准化报告，使资料在法律上生效 Batch data transmission/consultations, negotiate lower prices? 批量资料传输；咨询和协商更低的价格？Segment portfolios– 将资产组合分类 For MCIs: report only larger loans?对小额信贷机构：只报告大额贷款？ For banks/NBFIs: separate micro/non-micro portfolio for data sharing purposes?对银行/非银行金融机构：为了数据共享的目的分离小额和非小额贷款的资产组合？,How to achieve better integration? 怎样达到更好的整合？,Public sector:公共部门 Mandate credit information sharing? 强制信用信息共享？ Build the capacity of MCIs/Associations to share data?加强小额信贷机构或协会共享信息的能力 Condition MCI support on information sharing要求小额信贷机构支持信息共享 Educate different creditors & the public re: benefits of sharing & application of comprehensive credit information对不同的放贷机构及公众进行教育：全面共享和使用信用信息的好处,。