非谓语动词复习二.doc

英语科学案 序号043 高三年级4&7班 教师：温春梅 学生:非谓语动词复习二（总结）重点难点总汇非谓语动词的高考命题导向： 非谓语动词是高考的重点， 考查立意较低，主要考查非谓语动 词的一般用法和含义，但是题目的设计注重了情景化，结构较为复杂非谓语动词的分类、构成及功能一览表非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合 结构不定式to do,to be doing,to have done, to have been doi ngto be done, to havebee n done在非谓语 动词前+not/n everfor sb. to do sth.具有名词、副词和 形容词的作用，在 句中作主语、定语、 表语、宾语、状语、 宾补（在 let, make, see, feel, notice 等动 词后做宾补时不带to）分 词现在分词doing, hav ing donebeing done, havi ng bee n done具有副词、形容词 的作用，在句中作 定语、表语、状语、 兵补（常用在 see,find, feel, keep, get, have等动词之后）过去分词done动名词doi ng, havi ng donebeing done, havi ng bee n donesb' s doi ng具有名词的作用， 在句中作主语、定 语、表语、宾语、作宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式作 宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, prete nd, man age, agree, afford, determ ine, promise, happe n只接动名词作 宾语的动词或 短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, preve nt, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, con sidercan ' t help, feel like, acceed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look forward to, devote on eself to, be worth （do in g）, be busy （do in g）, pay atte nti on to, stick to, adapt to两者都可以意义基本 相同begi n, start, like, love, hate, prefer, contin ue （接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）n eed, want, require （接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，右接不疋式则应用被 动形式）意义相反stop to do停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do （指动 作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing （指动作已经发生）go on to do （接着做另外一件事） go on doi ng （接着做同一件事）try to do （设法，努力去做，）try doing （试试做，）mean to do （打算做，企图做） mean doing （意思是，意味着）can ' t help （to） d（不能帮忙做）can ' t help doing 忍不住要做）三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别类别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概 念例句不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主谓关系。

强调动作将发生或 已经完成1） I expect them to win the game.2） I heard him call me several times.have, no tice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make现在分词no tice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel（即：感官动词和使役 动词）主谓关系强调动作正在进 行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.过去分词动宾关系动作已经完成，多 强调状态We found the village greatly changed.意义表示主动意义表示被动意义1.1 can hear him singing.2. I can hear the song sung in En glish.动作所表示的动作一 般在进行中所表示的动作多已完成Chi na is a developing country while America is a developed one.语义意思为令人…”意思为感到…”It is an exciting match, so we are excited.五、特别提示1. 关于不定式1） 不定式作介词宾语时，如前面有实义动词 do （各种形式），则不定式不带to;否则不能 省to。

He did nothing all the morning but watch TV.He said nothing but to sleep.2） 不定式作定语时，如果不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且不定式的动词是 不及物动词，记住别漏掉介词I want a small room to live in. / I need a nice pen to write with.3） 不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词 （let, make）的宾补，动词不定式不带 to，但句子变成被动语态时，要带toI saw him go into the room. He^was seen to gointo the room.2. 关于分词1） 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程I saw him walking across the road.（正在穿过马路 ）I saw him walk across the road.（看至U全过程，过了马路 ）2） 及物动词的过去分词（do ne）与现在分词的一般被动式 （bei ng done）都有被动意义，前者表 示动作完成，后者表示动作在进行。

The picture fixed on the wall was prese nted by a frien d.（已经被订在墙上了 ）The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.（正被订在墙上 ）注意：不定式有表将来之意The picture to be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.（将要被订在墙上 ）3） 分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结 构（即保留分词的逻辑主语）或者由一个with/without引导的介词短语表达Time permitting, we ' ll do another two exercises.His work fini shed, he prepared to go home.With his work fini shed, he prepared to go home.3. 关于动名词1） 动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途，而现在分词表动作或状态、特征2） 动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。

但作主语不行Do you mi nd my/me/Tom smok ing here?My/Tom' ssmoking here annoyed him.3） 动名词作主语还可用于 “ There be no动名词"结构和 布告形式的省略结构中There is no knowing what he will do n ext. 不知道他下一步会做什么No smoking.禁止吸烟学习好资料欢迎下载实战演练一、现在分词练习 Fill in the bla nks accord ing to the words give n.1. The (sleep) boy is Tom.2. Tell the childre n (play) outside not to make too much no ise.3. Tom, (wear) beautiful clothes, followed me dow n the hill.4. The story is (move).5. We all found his equipme nt (in terest).6. I saw Mary (go) upstairs the n.7. (see) their teacher coming, the stude nts stopped talk ing.8. While (wait) for the pla ne, I had a long talk with Simon.9. (work) harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.10. He died, (leave) nothing but debts.11. He sat by the roadside, (beg).12. (finish) his homework, the boy went out to play games.13. The factory (build) now is a big one.14. The color is (please) to eyes.15. The government plans to bring in new laws (force) parents to take moreresp on sibility for the educati on of their childre n.16. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, (kill) all four peopleon board.17. They use computers to keep the traffic (run) smoothly.18. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, (live) in a small apartme nt n ear Bost on and (won der) what to do about his future.19. 。