组织与管理简介课件.ppt

Groups and Teams 任維廉任維廉任維廉任維廉 教授教授教授教授at at NCTU NCTU 201220122 22.1 Groups2.2 Group decision making 2.3 Conflict management 2.4 Work teams2.5 Team Learning綱要綱要交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授2.1 GroupslGroup:two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals.Formal groupsWork groups defined by the organizations structure that have designated work assignments and tasks.e.g.Project,committee,lab.Informal groupsGroups that are independently formed to meet the social needs of their members.e.g.Facebook 社團，同學會交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授3 Stages of group development 1.Forming2.Storming3.Norming 4.Performing5.Adjourningl瞭解並接受彼此差異，同理心，開放，包容，雙向、支持性溝通。

交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授4Group StructurelRolebehavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit.lNormsstandards or expectations that are accepted and shared by a groups members.lConformity(Groupthink)when a group exerts extensive pressure on an individual to align his or her opinion with that of others.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授5Group Structure(cont.)Statusa prestige grading,position,or rank within a group.e.g.cook vs.waitress.Social loafingthe tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.Group cohesivenessthe degree to which group members are attracted to one another and share the groups goals.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授62.2 Creative Group Decision Making交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授78Time-Driven ModelDecision significanceImportance of commitmentLeaderexpertiseLikelihood of commitmentGroupSupportGroupExpertiseTeam competencePROBLEMSTATEMENTH HHHDecideLHHHDelegateLConsult(Group)LLLHHHHFacilitateLConsult(Individually)LLLHHHFacilitateLConsult(Group)LLLHDecideL HHHFacilitateLConsult(Individually)LL LHHDecideLHDelegateLFacilitateLDecide8交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授2.3 Conflict ManagementlConflict perceived incompatible differences that result in interference or opposition.lTraditional view of conflict the view that all conflict is bad and must be avoided.lHuman relations view of conflict the view that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any grouplInteractionist view of conflict the view that some conflict is necessary for a group to perform effectively.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授9Conflict Management(cont.)lFunctional conflicts conflicts that support a groups goals and improve its performance.lDysfunctional conflicts conflicts that prevent a group from achieving its goals.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授10Conflict Management(cont.)lTask conflict conflicts over content and goals of the work.lRelationship conflict conflict based on interpersonal relationships.lProcess conflict conflict over how work gets done.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授11Conflict and Group Performance交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授12 Conflict-Management Techniques交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授132.4 What Is a Work Team?Work teams groups whose members work intensely on a specific,common goal using their positive synergy,individual and mutual accountability,and complementary skills.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授14Types of Work TeamsProblem-solving team a team from the same department or functional area thats involved in efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems.Self-managed work team a type of work team that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授15Types of Work Teams(cont.)Cross-functional team a work team composed of individuals from various functional specialties.Virtual team a type of work team that uses technology to link physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授16Advantages of Using TeamslTeams outperform individuals.lTeams provide a way to better use employee talents.lTeams are more flexible and responsive.lTeams can be quickly assembled,deployed,refocused,and disbanded.交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授17Cross-functional team lA大學醫院的醫療中心，由住院醫師、護士、病歷檔案管理員、社工共同組成一多功能團隊，負責每位病人的病情日報。

其任務是瞭解病情、開立處方藥、提供出院建議lB醫院加護病房，由重症專門醫師、護士長、呼吸治療員、藥劑師、營養師、社工、牧師共同組成一多功能團隊，每天都會與病人的特別看護開會，討論最佳的治療方式結果大幅減少醫療糾紛、縮短病人在加護病房的時間、增進醫護人員與病人家屬的溝通交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授18Characteristics of Effective TeamsHave a clear understanding of their goalsHave competent members with relevant technical and interpersonal skillsExhibit high mutual trust in the character and integrity of their membersAre unified in their commitment to team goalsHave good communication systemsPossess effective negotiating skillsHave appropriate leadershipHave both internally and externally supportive environments交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授19Work Team 之管理意涵之管理意涵l若團隊成員間有高度人際關係連結，則更容易達成群體目標，也更願意在一起相處l當人們需要他人來幫助、以便完成工作時，他們傾向選擇友善的同事，而非能幹的。

交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授202.5 Team Learning團隊學習,Speeding Up Team Learninge.g.產品研發團隊採用電腦輔助設計從製程工程師到行銷人員都必須學習相關新技術打破常規，創造且適應全新關係：新角色與不同溝通方式時間是稀少又奢侈的資源以最快的速度學習成功的關鍵因素：積極主動的領導人交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授21跨功能團隊跨功能團隊:心臟手術團隊合作心臟手術團隊合作傳統心臟手術：2到4小時，四位醫生及儀器 打開胸腔，病人需長時間才可復原 微創開心手術：以肋骨間的切口來修補心臟，需導入穿過主動脈的內部阻斷器，因主刀醫師看不到心臟全貌，需與監控超音波影像的麻醉師配合交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授22新方式之於原團隊新方式之於原團隊需要團隊成員間更多的相互依賴與溝通主刀醫生與麻醉師的配合，推翻過去總由醫生發號施令的階級制度需要至少40次的實際操作，才可上手不同團隊間對執行時間的改善進度相去甚遠交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授23兩家醫院兩家醫院A醫院：城市教學醫療中心只把新技術視為一個新插入的程序一熟練手術的醫生及以年資組合的團隊B醫院：社區醫院把新技術視為團隊的創新。