高考中定语从句的常见考点类型（例题解析）.doc

高考中定语从句的常见考点类型● 关系词的选择 ●定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两大类关系代词起着代词和连词的作用，而关系副词起着副词(或介词短语)和连词的作用◆ 关系代词 that、which、who(m)、whose 引导定语从句1) 关系代词 that 只能用于限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语(不可作介词的宾语)例如：Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?(2005 北京春)A. whereB. when C. that D. what解析：C先行词是 the chicken farm，定语从句缺宾语，所以应用关系代词that、which 或省略关系代词，选 C本题所给选项中，where、when 都是关系副词，而what 不能指代地点2) 关系代词 which 可引导非限定性定语从句，作从句的主语或宾语，指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容；此时，其引导的定语从句一般位于主句后面，常译为“这(那) 件事……”例如：His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream. (2007 上海)A. which B. that C. whereD. it解析：答案选 A。

关系代词 which 在从句中作主语，指代整个主句注意：That 和 which 作关系代词，引导定语从句时的主要区别为：which 可用于非限定性定语从句中，指代物或整个主句或主句中的一部分，也可以用于介词之后；而 that 则不能用于上述两种结构中3) 关系代词 who 和 whom 引导定语从句，都可用于指人，用法类似区别主要在于：whom 在从句中只能作宾语；而 who 在从句中可以作主语，也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom，但它的前面不能有介词；如果用于介词后指人时，必须用宾格的 whom在非限定性定语从句中，whom 不可用 that 或 who 替代例如：Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't. (2006 北京)A. who; 不填 B. 不填; whoC. who; who D. 不填; 不填解析：C两处空格后均为定语从句，均缺少关系词第一个定语从句的先行词是woman，要用关系代词引导从句，同时该从句中缺主语，用 who；第二个定语从句的先行词是 those，在句中指人，其定语从句也缺少主语，用 who。

所以选 C4) Whose 引导定语从句时，其后应紧跟一个名词，构成名词短语，即“whose + 名词”的形式；whose 引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可指人，还可指物；若指物时，还可用 of which 代替，但词序不同，即“whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which”例如：•Look out! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair. (2006 福建)A. whose B. whichC. of which D. what解析：A关系代词 whose 意为“……的”，表示所属关系，在定语从句中作定语，修饰从句的主语 roof；从句中 whose roof 指的是 the house's roof由于 roof 前缺少修饰限定词，故此处不能用 of which 代替•Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. (2000 上海)A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose解析：B。

先行词为“an ancient Chinese vase”，而定语从句讲述的是这个 vase 的price 如何如何，同时，从句缺少主语，所以要用 whose price 或 the price of which 来引导从句◆关系副词 where、when、why 引导定语从句关系副词 where、when、why 引导的定语从句，分别在从句中充当地点、时间、原因状语• If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)A. that B. which C. when D. where解析：D先行词是 chairs，在定语从句中作地点状语，要用 where，相当于“in which”•We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003 北京)A. which B. that C. whose D. when解析：D先行词是 age，when 引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。

◆As 引导定语从句1) As 用于限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语，构成 the same...as、such...as 等结构例如：• I like the same book as you do. (as 作宾语)• I've never seen such a clever boy as he is. (as 作表语)• I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as 作状语)• These houses are sold at such a low price _____ people expected. (2000 上海春)A. like B. as C. that D. which解析：答案选 BAs 在定语从句中作 expected 的宾语2) As 引导非限定性定语从句，作从句的主语、表语或宾语，用来指代整个主句的内容，常译为“正如……”但不同于 which，as 引导的定语从句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，还可位于主句中间例如：•The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津)A. what B. that C. how D. as解析：D。

As 代表整个主句 The Beatles came from Liverpool，作定语从句中remember 的宾语•____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress. (2004 北京)A. It B. As C. That D. What解析：BAs 代表整个主句 talks between the countries are making progress，作定语从句中的主语句意为：正如报纸上所报道的那样，各国的会谈取得了进展● 关系词的省略 ●◆限定性定语从句中关系词的省略1) 关系代词的省略：当关系代词 that、who(m)、which 在作从句谓语动词的宾语时，可以省略；但是 whom 和 which 若在从句中作介词的宾语时，不可以省略例如：•— Do you have anything to say for yourselves? (2006 江西)— Yes, there's one point _______ we must insist on.A. why B. where C. how D. /解析：D。

该题中的先行词是 one point，定语从句 we must insist on 前省略了作宾语的关系代词 which 或 that•— Why does she always ask you for help?— There is no one else ______, is there? (2005 北京)A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turn D. for her to turn解析：B该题中的先行词是 no one else，she can turn to 前省略了作宾语的关系代词 whom 或 who；值得注意的是, 本句还可以写成 to whom she can turn2) 关系副词的省略：①The time、every time、each time、the moment 等后的关系副词可省略例如：By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself.②在某些表示地点的名词(如 the place)后，关系副词有时也可以省略。

例如：This is the place (where) we met years ago.③先行词 the reason 后面的关系副词可省略例如：The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.④当先行词是 way 时，关系副词常常省略例如：I appreciate the way (that) you teach us.•What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it. (2004 湖北)A. the way B. in the way thatC. in the way D. the way which解析：A根据句意该用 the way，所以在 A 和 D 中选择然后考查 the way 后接定语从句的用法，具体用法有三种：(1)用 in which 引导；(2)用 that 引导；(3)省略关系副词此题属于第三种用法，应选 A◆非限定性定语从句中关系词的省略非限定性定语从句中的关系代词不可以省略，并且指物只能用 which，指人只能用who(主格)/whom(宾格)，不能用 that。

例如：•Anyway, that evening, ______ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place. (2004 浙江)A. when B. where C. what D. which解析：D这是一个非限定性定语从句，which 在定语从句中作 about 的宾语，不能省略•The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002 北京春)A. where B. when C. which D. who解析：D先行词为 The famous basketball star，表示人，所以关系词要用 who；同时，who 在从句中作主语，不可以省略● 从句的位置 ●一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后，比较容易找出从句；但有时，定语从句和先行词会被介词或其他成分分隔，从而给从句的辨别带来一定的难度下面，就来看从句和先行词被分隔开的两种情况◆被介词分隔定语从句和先行词被介词分隔，实际上也就是关系词在定语从句。