新译林版初中英语八年级上册全册单元知识点归纳4.pdf

1 新译林版初中英语八年级上册全册单元知识点Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营quite a few相当多 study for为⋯⋯而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 feel like给⋯⋯的感觉；感受到go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为one bowl of⋯ 一碗⋯⋯ the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来⋯⋯ look+adj. 看起来⋯⋯nothing ⋯ but+ 动词原形除了⋯⋯之外什么都没有seem+ （to be ）+ adj. 看起来⋯⋯arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事Why not do. sth.?为什么不做⋯⋯呢？so+adj.+that+从句如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事Unit2 How often do you exercise? help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对⋯⋯有好处 go camping去野营not ⋯at all一点儿也不⋯⋯ in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医morn than多于；超过 less than少于help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about⋯ ? ......怎么样？ / ⋯⋯好不好？want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数 +一般疑问句？⋯⋯有多少⋯⋯? 主语 +find+that从句 . ⋯⋯发现⋯⋯ spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光It ’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的⋯⋯的。

ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite⋯⋯ ?你最喜爱的⋯⋯是什么？the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. more outgoing更外向as⋯as⋯与⋯⋯一样⋯⋯ the singing competition唱歌比赛be similar to与⋯⋯相像的 / 类似的 the same as和⋯⋯相同；与⋯⋯一致 be different from与⋯⋯不同2 care about关心；介意 be like a mirror像一面镜子 the most important最重要的as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现；使表现出 get better grades取得更好的成绩reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的touch one ’s heart感动某人 be talented in music有音乐天赋be good at擅长⋯⋯ be good with善于与⋯⋯相处have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth擅长做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级 +as 与⋯⋯一样⋯⋯ It ’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事⋯⋯的。

形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really； 2）比较级，表示“较⋯⋯”或“更⋯⋯”的意思（两者之间进行比较）, 标志词 than,A or B,of the two, 修饰词 much,a lot,a little；3）最高级，表示“最⋯⋯”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the ，后面可带in （ of ）短语来什么比较的范围形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：构 成 方 法原级比 较 级最 高 级单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加 -er 或-est high short higher shorter highest shortest 以字母 e 词尾的词，加-r 或-st late fine later finest latest finest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est hot big thin fat hotter bigger thinner fatter hottest biggest thinnest fattest 以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的双音节词， 先把“ y”改为“ i ”，再加-er 或-est funny easy early funnier easier earlier funniest easiest earliest 多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more 或 most beautiful athletic outgoing more beautiful more athletic more outgoing most beautiful most athletic most outgoing 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化：原 级比较级最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更远） further（更深远） farthest(最远 ) furthest（最深远）as⋯( 原级 )as 与⋯⋯一样⋯⋯ not as/so⋯as不如3 Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom. Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Unit4 What ’s the best movie theater?movie theater电影院 close to⋯离⋯⋯近 clothes store服装店 in town在镇上so far到目前为止 10 minutes by bus坐公共汽车10 分钟的路程 talent show才艺表演in common 共同；共有 around the world世界各地；全世界 more and more⋯⋯越来越⋯⋯and so on等等 all kinds of⋯⋯各种各样的 be up to是⋯⋯的职责；由⋯⋯决定not everybody并不是每个人 make up编造（故事、谎言等） play a role in⋯在⋯⋯方面发挥作用/ 有影响for example例如 take⋯seriously认真对待 give sb. sth.给某人某物 come true（梦想、希望）实现；达到Can I ask you some⋯?我能问你一些⋯⋯吗？How do you like⋯?你认为⋯⋯怎么样？Thanks for doing sth.因做某事而感谢。

What do you think of⋯?你认为⋯⋯怎么样? much+ adj./adv.的比较级⋯⋯得多watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事是作用/ 在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of+ 可数名词的复数⋯⋯之一Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show? think of认为 learn from从⋯⋯获得；向⋯⋯学习 find out查明；弄清楚 talk show谈话节目game show 游戏节目 soap opera肥皂剧 go on发生 watch a movie看电影 a pair of一双；一对try one’ s best尽某人最大努力 as famous as与⋯⋯一样有名 have a discussion about就⋯⋯讨论one day 有一天 such as例如 dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.’s place代替；替换do a good job干得好 something enjoyable令人愉快的东西 interesting information有趣的资料one of ⋯⋯之一 look like看起来像 around the world全世界 a symbol of⋯⋯的象征let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 plan to do sth.计划 / 打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 How about doing⋯?做⋯⋯怎么样？be ready to do sth.乐于做某事 try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.grow up 成长；长大 every day每天 be sure about对⋯⋯有把握 make sure确信；务必send⋯to ⋯把⋯⋯送到⋯⋯ be able to能 the meaning of⋯⋯的意思 different kinds of不同种类的write down写下；记下 have to do with关于；与⋯⋯有关系 take up开始做；学着做hardly ever几乎不；很少 too⋯ to ⋯太⋯⋯而不能⋯⋯/ 太⋯⋯以至于不能be going to+动词原形打算做某事 practice doing练习做某事 keep on doing sth.不断地做某事learn to do sth.学会做某事 finish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.许诺去做某事help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事 remember to do sth.记住做某事 agree to do sth.同意做某事love to do sth.喜爱做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事Unit7 Will people have robots? on computer在电脑上 on paper在纸上 live to do 200 years old活动 200 岁 free time空闲时间in danger处于危险之中 on the earth在地球上 play a part in sth.参与某事 space station太空站4 look for寻找 computer programmer电脑编程员 in the future在未来 hundreds of许多；成百上千the same ⋯as⋯与⋯⋯一样 over and over again多次；反复地 get bored感到厌烦的wake up 醒来 fall down倒塌will+动词原形将要做⋯⋯fewer/more+ 可数名词复数更少 / 更多⋯⋯less/more+ 不可数名词更少 / 更多⋯⋯have to do sth.不得不做某事agree with sb.同意某人的意见such+名词（词组）如此⋯⋯play a part in doing sth. 参与做某事There will be + 主语 +其他将会有⋯⋯There is/are +sb./sth.+doing sth.有⋯⋯正在做某事make sb. do sth. help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 try to do sth. 尽力做某事It ’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事⋯⋯的。

Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake? milk shake奶昔 turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 pour⋯into ⋯把⋯⋯倒入⋯⋯a cup of yogurt一杯酸奶 a good idea好主意 on Saturday在星期六 cut up切碎put ⋯into ⋯把⋯⋯放入⋯⋯ one more thing还有一件事 a piece of一片 / 张/ 段/ 首⋯⋯at this time在这时 a few一些；几个 fill⋯ with ⋯用⋯⋯把⋯⋯装满cover ⋯with ⋯用⋯⋯覆盖⋯⋯ one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次 a long time很长时间how many+可数名词复数多少⋯⋯ how much+不可数名词多少⋯⋯It ’s time (for sb.)+to do sth. 到（某人）做某事的时间了First⋯Next ⋯Then⋯Finally 首先⋯⋯接下来⋯⋯然后⋯⋯. 最后⋯⋯want + to do sth.想要做某事 forget+to do sth.忘记去做某事 how + to do sth.如何做某事need+to do sth.需要做某事 make+宾语 +形容词使⋯⋯怎样 let sb. +do sth.让某人做某事Unit9 Can you come to my party? on Saturday afternoon在周六下午 prepare for为⋯⋯做准备 go to the doctor去看医生have the flu患感冒 help my parents帮助我的父母 come to the party来参加聚会another time其他时间 last fall去年秋天 go to the party去聚会hang out常去某处；泡在某处 the day after tomorrow后天 the day before yesterday前天have a piano lesson上钢琴课 look after照看；照顾 accept an invitaton接受邀请turn down an invitation拒绝邀请 take a trip去旅行 at the end of this month这个月末look forward to盼望；期待 the opening of⋯ ⋯⋯的开幕式 / 落成典礼 reply in writing书面回复go to the concert去听音乐会 not⋯until直到⋯⋯才meet my friend会见我的朋友 visit grandparents拜访祖父母 study for a test为考试学习have to不得不 too much homework太多作业 do homework做家庭作业go to the movies去看电影 after school放学后 on the weekend在周末invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事what 引导的感叹句结构：What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数（+主语 +谓语）！What+adj.+ 名词复数 / 不可数名词（+主语 +谓语） ！help sb.（to ）do sth.帮助某人做某事be sad to do sth.做某事很悲伤5 see sb. do sth. see sb.doing sth. the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式have a surprise party for sb.为某人举办一个惊喜派对look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事reply to sth./sb.答复某事 / 某人What’s today? 今天是什么日子？ What ’s the date today? What day is it today? Unit10 If you go to the party,you’ll have a great time!stay at home待在家里 take the bus乘公共汽车 tomorrow night明天晚上 have a class party进行班级聚会half the class一半的同学 make some food做些食物 order food订购食物 have a class meeting开班会at the party在聚会上 potato chips炸土豆片，炸薯条 in the end最后 make mistakes犯错误go to the party去参加聚会 have a great/good 玩得开心 give sb. some advice给某人提一些建议go to college上大学 make（a lot of）money赚（许多）钱 travel around the world环游世界get an education得到教育 work hard努力工作 a soccer player一名足球运动员 keep⋯to oneself保守秘密talk with sb.与某人交谈 in life 在生活中 be angry at/about sth.因某事生气 be angry with sb.生某人的气in the future在将来 run away逃避；逃跑 the first step第一步 in half分成两半solve a problem解决问题 school clean-up学校大扫除ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 give sb. sth.给某人某物tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 too⋯to do sth.太⋯⋯而不能做某事be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 advise sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事It ’s best (not) to do sth.最好（不）做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事八年级上册英语各单元知识点大归纳Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 【语法解析】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。

用法注意：1. some 和 any +可数名 /不可数名 some 多用于肯定句， any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句有些问句中用 some,不用 any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答2. 由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用第三单3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting 二、知识点：1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来⋯⋯3. nothing ⋯.but + V.(原形 ) 除了⋯⋯之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事6 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 =begin doing sth. 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事词语辨析：1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照 quite a few+名词复数“许多⋯”2. seem 形容词看起来⋯ .. You seem happy today. to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句似乎⋯ . It seems that no one believe you. seem like ⋯. 好像，似乎⋯ .. It seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点，= get to= reach+地点名“ 到达...”arrive at +小地点（注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如：arrive here; get home ）4. feel like sth/ doing sth. 感觉像是 ⋯5. wonder “ 想知道 ” ，+疑问词（ who, what, why)引导的从句。

6. because of +名/ 代/V-ing Because+从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由He can’t take a walk because of the rain. I don ’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 7. enough +名词“足够⋯”形容词 /副词+enough Unit2 How often do you exercise?【语法解析】1. 频率副词 : always, usually, often, sometimes, never频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be 动词或助动词之后常用于一般现在时态中2. “次数”的表达方法一次once，两次 twice ，三次或三次以上用基数词+ times, three times, five times, 3、how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语常见的 how 疑问词：1）How soon多久（以后）—How soon will he be back? 他多久能回来？—He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。

2）how long “多久”，eg.—How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？—It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时3）How many+名复/How much+不可名“多少”问数量（ how much 还可问价格）二、知识点：1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去划板6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7 7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise 做更多的运动9. the same as 与什么相同10. be different from 不同11. once a month 一月一次12. twice a week 一周两次13.make a difference to 对什么有影响14. most of the students=most student 15.shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物 16. be good for 对什么有益17. be bad for对什么有害18. come home from school放学回家19 .of course = certainly = sure当然20. get good grades 取得好成绩21. keep/be in good health保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假【词语辨析】一、 maybe / may be 1. The baby is crying she is hungry. 2. The woman a teacher .maybe 是副词，意为 “ 大概， 可能，或许 ” ，一般用于句首。

May be是情态动词，意为 “ 可能是 ..，也许是 ..，大概是 .. ”.二、1）a few / few / a little / little 1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150. 2. There is time left, I don’t catch the first bus.3. Could you give me milk? a few ( 少数的，几个，一些 ) a little ( 一点儿，少量 ) 表示肯定few ( 很少的，几乎没有的 ) little (很少的，几乎没有的 ) 表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词2） 、hard / hardly 1. The ground is too to dig 2. I can understand them. 3. It’s raining,the people can go outside. hard作形容词，意为“ 困难的，艰苦的，硬的” ；作副词，意为“ 努力地，猛烈地 ” Hardly意为“ 几乎不 ” 4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for... 意思是 “ 至于；关于 ” ，+名词、代词或动词的 -ing形式（即动名词）。

如： As for him ，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信5.. That sounds interesting.这是“ 主语+系动词 +表语” 结构的简单句 sound （听起来），look （看起来），smell （闻起来），taste （尝起来），feel（觉得） ，seem （好象） ，grow （变得） ,get （变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语如：It tastes good. 这味道好The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了2. Be about （介词） “ 是关于 ⋯”+名/代/V-ing 4.Here be is+名单:Here is a photo of my family. “ 这是⋯” are +名复:Here are some books. 5.find(found)+that 从句：发现 ⋯Eg:I found that most students go to school by bike. 6.percent 名词，意为 “ 百分之⋯⋯ ”百分数用基数 + percent (不用复数形式 )，percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词8 来确定e.g. 50 ％ fifty percent百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。

Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱7.not ⋯ at all 意为“ 一点也不 ” . not应放在 be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后e.g. The story isn’t interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣8. It is + adj. to do sth. 干某事是⋯⋯例如：It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣9.the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式e.g. The best way to learn English is through more practice 10. take, spend, pay It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“ 花费某人⋯⋯时间来做某事” 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱on sth. “ 买某物花了⋯⋯钱”in) doing “ 花费多少时间来做某事 ” pay 的主语必须是人，而 “ 花钱买某物 ” 为 pay ⋯ for11.however 副词，意为 “ 然而，可是 ” ，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末Unit3 I ’m more outgoing than my sister.【语法解析】形容词比较级1.形容词的原形就是原级，2.比较级，表示较 ⋯⋯或更⋯⋯3.最高级，表示最 ...。

2.比较句型 : A + be动词+形容词的比较级 +than +B “ A 比B 更⋯⋯” （注意： A 与 B 必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比）副词比较级常用的句型结构：1.“ A+实意动词 +副词比较级 + than + B” 表示 “ A 比 B⋯”2.比较 A ，B 两人/两事物问其中哪一个较 ⋯时用句型；“ Who/which +谓语动词 + adj./adv.比较级， A or B ?”Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary? ?特殊用法1.“ 比较级 +and+比较级 ” ，意为 “ 越来越 ” 多音节比较级用“ more and more+ 原级”2. “ the+比较级 (⋯), the+比较级 (⋯)” 意思是： ” 越⋯越⋯” The more, the better. 3.主 is the 形比+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较 ...”4. 两者在某一方面相同：A+谓语动词 +as+ adj./adv. 原级+ as+ B. Helen is as tall as Amy. Peter studies as hard as Tom. 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+ 形容词或副词原级 +as”Eg. I am not as tall as my sister. ?形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。

当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用 much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级 注意: 比较级不能用 very, so, too, quite等修饰二、知识点9 1.have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have fun doing sth :做某事很开心2. do the same things as me. （翻译） _____________; the same ⋯as⋯ 表示： __________, 3. A good fried is good at sports.（翻译） be good at⋯意为 _____,其后可接名词、代词或动名词同义词组：do well in He ____ _____ ____ English.( 他擅长英语 ) I ’m _____ _____ _______ basketball.(我擅长打篮球 ) 4. care about ，意为 __关心______; care for 意为 __关爱_______; take care ( 当/小心) take care of (照顾)=look after 5.makes me laugh. ( 翻译)______; make sb. do sth. 意为： ___________. His father always _____ _____ _____ up before five o’clock.(让他起床 ) 让(使)某人做某事（ make后跟不带 to 的不定式）make sb. + 形容词：使某人保持某种状态: e.g. My friends always make me happy 6.be like“就像⋯” :I am like your sister. Look like “外貌上的像” I look like my sister. 7.That ’s why+句子：那就是 ⋯的原因 /那就是为什么 ⋯Eg: 那就是我学习英语的原因：8.It’ s+形+（for sb.）to do sth. “做某事（对某人来说）是... ”9. make friends with sb.与某人交朋友10. as long as 只要；既然，引导条件状语从句11. be different from 与⋯⋯不同；反：be the same as 与⋯⋯ 相同12.though ① adv.不过；可是；然而（句末补充说明使语气减弱）② conj. 虽然；尽管； =although与 but 不能同时用在一个句子中eg :He said he would come, he didn’t, though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。

Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him. 尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他13.get better grades 取得更好的成绩14.does( 助动词 do/did)，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词I work harder than Tom____(is/do/does/did). 15.be good with sb. 与某人相处得好Unit 4 What’ s the best movie theater? 【语法解析】1）形容词最高级：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较2）标志词：表比较范围时用in/of 3) 形容词最高级前须加定冠词the.副词最高级前可省略the表示“三者（或以上）中最⋯⋯的”的句型1. A + be + the 形容词最较级+ 表示范围（ in/of 介词短语）2. A + 实意动词+ (the) 副词最高级+ 表示范围的 of/in 介词短语常用句式：1) Who/ Which ⋯+ 最高级 ⋯, A, B or C ? 2) one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数形式 , 意为“ 最⋯之一” 。

3）序数词后跟形容词最高级二、知识点1、in town 在镇上10 2、welcome to + 地名：欢迎来到 ⋯..3、How do you like +名/代/V-ing ：“ 你认为 ⋯怎么样？ ”=What do you think of 4、Thanks for =Thank you for +名/代/V-ing:“ 感谢⋯”5.不客气： No problem. = You’re welcome. =Not at all. 6.talent 名（可）天赋talent show :才艺表演talented 形：有天赋的：be talented in 7. be good at 擅长⋯ (＝ do well in) 反义短语： be poor / weak in 在...方面弱；be good for “ 对⋯⋯有益” ，后跟人或事物；其反义短语是be bad forbe good to “ 对⋯⋯好(和善；慈爱 ) ” ，相当于be friendly to，后面通常接人8. have ⋯ in common 有相同特征； (想法、兴趣等方面 )相同9. all kinds of 各种类型的；各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种⋯* kind of 有点+ 形 ：kind of boring / fat /thin 10. It’s up to sb. to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责11. make up 编造（故事、谎言等）Don't make up a story. 12. take ⋯ seriously 认真对待⋯⋯Don’t take it so seriously. 别把这件事看得这么严重。

13. play a role in doing sth. “ 在⋯中发挥作用 /扮演角色 ”14. win 动--won：赢得 +奖品winner 名：赢者15. give—gave(过）give sb. sth= give sth. to sb. 给某人某物He gave me some money.= He gave some money to me. 16.watch sb. do sth.观看某人做了某事 . doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事17.举例： like : 可和 such as互换. such as: 常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on( 等等)连用for example:一般只列举一个，作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首/句中/句末；e.g.I like fruits , _________, apples. _________apples, bananas and pears. Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? 【语法解析】1.询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of ⋯?=How do you like⋯? 2.描述喜好 I love/ like/ don’ t mind/dislike/can’ t stand ⋯(复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他；主语（三单） +V(三单)+其他) 一、知识点1. want + n 想要⋯⋯want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想让某人干某事 ⋯⋯2.mind: 介意; 其后+名词/代词/V-ing 4.stand 1) “ 站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立2) “忍受” ( 多用于否定句、疑问句 ) , 后可+名/代/V-ing 11 5.plan vt. & vi.计划, 打算， plan to do sth. plan 还可作名词，如： make plans 制定计划6.动词 discuss ( 讨论) + ion→ discussion had a discussion about sth. 7. happen v. 发生; 出现 sth+ happens to sb. ” 或“Sth happened +时间/地点” 句式8. 情态动词 : may:语气弱于 can，意为 “ 可能”might 表推测，语气最弱，意为 “ 可能”may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱，意为“ 可能不 ”They may not be very exciting. 她们可能不是那么另人兴奋9.expect to do sth. 期盼做某事hope to do sth: 希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask 10. be famous as + 职业名 “ 作为⋯⋯而出名 ” ，be famous for sth. 表示“ 以某种知识技能，作品或特征而出名” ，11.one of ⋯后跟可数名词复数，表示 ⋯之一。

其后的谓语动词用单数e.g. One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生12.always ready to do sth., 表示“ 总是准备好做某事13.try one’s best “尽力; 竭尽全力 ” 的意思14.show 名： “节目” ：TV shows/ talent shows 动： “展示” show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth. 15.take one ’s place 代替; 替换16. do a good job 干得好Unit 6 I ’m going to study computer science.【语法解析】1.将来时用于表示未来将做的事，常用“be + going to+ 动词原形 ” 来表达，表示计划或根据某些现象或征兆预测不久即将发生的事情含有“ 打算” 之意常与 tomorrow, next Sunday, next month, the day after tomorrow 等表示将来的时间状语连用1).结构“ 主语 + be(is/am/are) going to + do sth ”2).否定式：主语+ be not + going to do sth. 二、知识点1. want to be/become + ( 职业)名词 :“想要成为 ⋯..”I want to be (be) a scientist when I grow up. 2.write stories 写故事tell stories 讲故事3. keep on doing sth继续做某事（表动作的反复）keeping doing sth. 保持做某事（表动作或状态的持续）4. be sure about + 名/代/V-i ng“ 肯定” --- Are you sure about that? make sure (that)+ 从句“⋯ 确保⋯”Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out 5．learn sth. We must learn English every day. to do sth. I am going to learn to play ( play) the piano. 12 6. discuss v. 讨论；商量名词是 discussion discuss with sb. 与某人讨论: Discuss this question with your partner. Let ’s discuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。

All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论7. be able to do sth 能够做某事区分（1）can : can+ 动词原形，无人称和数的变化只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于将来时be able to +动原，有人称和数的变化be:is/am/are/ ）可用于多种时态(2) can 常指客观上能够； be able to 更侧重于“克服一定困难”、“经过努力”、“有能力”做成某事He will be able to(能够) speak English next year. （在此不能填 can）8. promise n. 承诺；诺言v. 许诺；承诺；答应make a promise(to sb.) (对某人）许下诺言keep a promise 遵守诺言break a promise 违背诺言promise (sb. ) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事+that 从句He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我I promised that I study hard from now on. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。

9. have to do with 关于；与⋯⋯有关系The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关10. take up sth.（尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做doing sth. I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭11. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. too+形容词 /副词 to+动原，表示 “ 太⋯而不能 ⋯ ’’如: The kid is too young to play （play） this game. 这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏12. one ’ s own +名 “某人自己的东西”强调某物为个人所有My own book 我自己的书本Unit 7 Will people have robots? 【语法解析】一般将来时：1、概念： (1) 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态We shall go to see him tomorrow. (2) 表示将来经常或反复发生的动作From now on I shall come every day. 2、结构：1) 主+be going to +V 原形+其他2）主+ 助动词 shall / will + V 原形+其他. 3、句中的时间状语： tomorrow 明天； next week/month/year下周/月/年；in+时间段：多长时间之后； the day after tomorrow 后天；4. There be 句型的将来时：“ （某地）将有某物1)、There will be+名词（一般疑问句： Will +there be⋯ 肯：Yes, there will; 否： No, there won ’t.）2)、There is going to be+名（单） /不可数名There are going to be+ 名（复）13 5. 一般将来时和 be going to 表示将来1) 表达一种事先计划或打算时( 说话人打算在将来做某事因为在过去他或她已制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事 ),只能用 be going to. 2) 表达意愿时 , 只能用 will. 拓展：将来时也可以用现在进行时 “be + V-ing ”来表达 ，表示按计划和安排即将发生的动作，语气较婉转，动词多是一些 “ 来、去 ” 的位移动词。

如：go, come, leave, start, move, arrive, reach, return, drive, travel, land He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 他明天去北京The plane is landing soon. 飞机即将着陆一、课文知识点1.许多 many+ 可数名词比较级 more 最高级 most much +不可数名词少许few：比较级 fewer 最高级 fewest +可名： cars, trees, buildings, people （否） little: 比： less 最 least +不可名： water, air, paper, time, pollution （肯） a few / a little 2、live to be 基数词 + years old “ 活到⋯岁”3、be in great danger 处在极大的危险中4、play a part in +名/ 代/V-ing. 参与某事 / 做某事Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 5、help sb. with sth. 帮助（做）⋯⋯He often helps me with my English. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助做⋯⋯He often helps me study English. help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等 ) Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼6、动词后跟形容词的情况 (构成系表结构 )1）表状态的动词： be/seem/keep/stay I exercise to keep healthy.2)感官动词： sound/look/taste/feel That sounds great.3）表变化的动词： get/become/turn The robots never get bored.7. make sb. (代词为宾格） do ⋯ （让）⋯⋯（做）⋯ He made Tom laugh. 使役动词是表示“使、令、让、帮、叫”等意义的不完全及物动词，还有leave, get ,keep， make(使, 令)， let(让), help(帮助) 等。

1.) make / let +sb. +do sth. 2 ）. get / leave + sb. to do / doing sth. 3）leave sb. doing 让继续处于某种状态 Don't leave her waiting outside in the rain. 8. the same as ⋯ 和⋯⋯一样反义短语： be different from 9. It takes / took / will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了⋯⋯时间做某事 ( 时态根据具体情况决定）It takes me an hour to get to my office. spend time ／money on sth. 在⋯⋯上花费时间（金钱）人 sb. spend time ／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时They spent two years building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

14 10. hundreds of “许多；大量” + 名词复数数词+hundred “多少百”类似的数词还有 thousand（千） , million（万）There are four hundred students in our grade. 我们年级有 400 名学生There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year. 11.during “在⋯期间” during the vacation/the daytime /the weekend 12.the meaning of “⋯的意思” Can you tell me the meaning of the words? Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?【语法解析】一、会用副词 first, next, then, after that, finally 等来叙述做事的顺序或步骤的先后二、学会正确使用可数名词与不可数名词；1、名词：可数名 : 单：前常有 a/an / one 复: 前常有 a few/ many / 数词≥ 2 不可数名：无单复数形式，前常有a little一点/ much 许多/ 数词+（容器）量词 +of+ 不可数名词注：some 一些/ lots of= a lot of( 许多)+ 可名词 /不可数名2、名复数的构成： 1）名+s 2）以s,x,ch,sh 结尾的名词， +es （规则）3)以辅音字母 +y结尾的名词，变 y为i, 再+es 注：以 O结尾的有生命的名词， +es. 如 tomato —tomatoes potato —potatoes 以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变V，+es：thief-thieves(小偷) leaf--leaves life---lives 不规则变化要加强记忆，如man---men , woman ---women, tooth--teeth 三． 学会在谈论食物制作过程中使用How much⋯? How many⋯? 问名词的数量： “ 多少”How many +复数名词+一般疑问句How much +不可数名词How many bananas do we need? How much honey do we need? （how much 也可以用来问价格）四、知识点1.cut是“ 切, 割” 的意思 , 过去式为 cut。

cut up意为“ 切碎”, 动副组合：动+名+副；动 + 副+名动+代（it/them）+副Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up. Cut it /them up.类似的词有：turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等 ) turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等 ) turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等 ) turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等 ) 2.祈使句：一般以动词原形开头，通常省略主语（you） 表示请求，命令，劝说，指示等结构：肯：V原+其它否：Don ’t +V 原+其它Cut up the bananas . Don ’ t eat in class. 3. one more thing 另外一件事情another ten minutes 再多十分钟“ 数字+ more + 物品” 指“ 另外的 ⋯⋯”15 “another + 数字 + 物品” 指“ 另外的 ⋯⋯”当数字为 one 时，常与 more连用或只用anotherGive me two more hamburgers ？/another two hamburgers 4. forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。

5、It’ s a time （for sb）. to do sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时期It’ s time （for sb.） to do sth. =It’ s time for sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时间E .g. It ’ s a time for you to study English.It’ s time for us to go to school.(It’ s time for school.)6、give thanks for +名/代 V-ing “ 感恩⋯”We should give thanks for our parents.He gave thanks for life and food.7、⋯Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal ⋯by +V-ing :1）以⋯方式 I study English by listening to English songs.2）在⋯的旁边 I am sitting by the pool. 3）在⋯之前 I have to go to school by 8:00. 4) 搭乘 by bus: I go to school by bus.8.Here be: is +名单 (宾语) “ 这是⋯”是倒装句eg: Here is a photo of my family. are+名复Here are some English books. 当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。

如：Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错) 9.fill sth. with sth. 用⋯把⋯装满(强调动作 )be full of “ 装满⋯” (强调状态 )Eg. I filled the cup with the milk. The cup is full of the milk.The bus was full of people.10.put⋯in(into)⋯把⋯ 放到 ⋯ 里11.cover⋯with⋯用⋯覆盖12. cut ⋯into 把⋯ 切成⋯Cut the apple into four piecescut up ⋯切碎 ：Cut up the apple=Cut the apple up cut them up 13.serve ： （动）服务 ---- （名） service Serve +名/代 “ 提供⋯” The shop serves nice food. sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables. sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人 ” : Serve the guests with some tea. Unit 9 Can you come to my party?【语法解析】一、表示邀请的句型 : 1.Can/Could you⋯(come to my party)?2.Would you like to..( Would you like to my party)? 16 接受: Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.拒绝: 1.I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/ must+V 原(陈述理由：)⋯2.I ’ d love/like to, but I ⋯ (理由) 3.I ’m afraid not. I⋯(理由) 二、must 与 have to1.must 表示主观“必须”； must 表示“主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: needn’t 或don't have to (不必)。

mustn’t 表示“ 禁止” . 2.have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: don’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to (没必要 )；—Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8 点之前我必须回家吗？—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 三、知识点1. one⋯another ⋯表示不确定数目中的另一个：one⋯the other⋯表示两者中的另一个：I don't like this one, can you show me another.? I have two brothers. One is a lawyer and the other is a manager. some⋯others ⋯表示没有范围限定的“一些⋯另一些⋯”some ⋯the others⋯表示某一范围的“一些⋯其余的⋯”Some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus. Some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus. 注：other+名词=others 其他的（人 /物）2. invite v. 邀请名词是 invitationinvite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事 ”invite sb. to+地点名词1). Mr. Green invited me to visit (visit) his factory last week.2). Thanks a lot for your invitation (invite). 3）.Thanks for inviting (invite) me to your party.3. （1）What ’s today? 问今天是几号、星期几，回答时，通常用星期和日期，也可用节日。

即：It ’s+星期+日期.（2）What ’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号？”It ’s +月+日3）What day is it today? 意为“今天是星期几？” ，It ’s + 星期几 What’s today? —It ’s Wednesday the second—What ’s the date? --- It ’s September 10th.—What day is it today? — It ’s Wednesday.4.have a lesson(class) 上课 ： have an English lesson 5. prepare v. 准备名词： preparationprepare sth. “准备某物 ” ，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语prepare for sth. “为⋯⋯做准备 ” ，指为后面的宾语做准备prepare to do sth. “准备做某事 ”.而 prepare 与 prepare for 通常用于进行时态6.bring ..to⋯“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方take ⋯to ⋯“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。

两者方向相反）17 Bring your homework here, and take the book away. 把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走7. without （介词）没有 +名/代/V-ing. 反： with “具有”We can’t live without water.Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.8. so that +从句： 以便于；目的是I study hard so that I can get good grades. 9. surprise名：惊奇surprised adj. 惊奇的（人）surprising （物作主）be surprised at sth.: “惊奇于某事 ”to one ’s surprise :“令某人惊奇的是”①I’m surprised at the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊②To my surprise, he left without leaving a word. 令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了10. look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing 。

I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复I look forward to seeing you again.11. hear （heard ） from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got a letter from my friend yesterday.12、感叹句：A：What +(a /an) +形容词 +名(单)+主语 +谓语！W hat a beautiful girl she is!B: How +形容词 +主语+谓语！How beautiful girl is!13. The best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.14. How to do that. “该怎么做 ” ：疑问词 +to do sth常用来做宾语I don ’t know how to make a banana milk shake.I don ’t know what to do.15. at the end of “ 在⋯末尾”Now, it is at the end of 2014. 反： at the beginning of “ 在⋯开始”16.be glad/happy/sad to do sth. “ 很高兴 /难过做某事I am glad to see you. 17.reply to sb./sth. “ 回复 ⋯”Reply in writing to the invitation “ 以写信形式回复这份邀请函”Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!【语法解析 】1）. if 条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是“ 如果” 的意思，引导条件状语从句， if 从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。

主将从现）构成if 从句主句（ 主将从现 ）时态一般现在时：主+be(is/am/are)+ 其它（名 /形） 主+V 原+其它主（三单） +V（三单） +其它1.一般将来时：主语＋ shall/will+V 原2.主句是祈使句3.主句含有情态动词Can, may , must等词4.主句含有 want, hope , wish 等表愿望的词18 例句If I am an teacher, If you come back,If he comes ，If you can come,If I have much moneyI will be busy.call me please.he will take us to the zoo. please let me know.I may take a trip.注意：在与 if 条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时，而不用be going to 表示将来时(1) If the rain__________(stop) tonight, we _______(go) to the cinema. (2) I’ll buy a computer if I ___(have) enough money . 在 when（当⋯时候） , after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现） 。

如： I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打I am going to start when I finish high school and college. 二、知识点1. have a great time 意为“ 玩得愉快 ” ，=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good / wonderful / nice timehave a great / good time in (doing) sth. 做某事很开心2．ask sb. （not） to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事Eg：The teachers ask us to do (do) lots of homework.3 order sth. from + 地点: “ 从某地订购食物 ”Eg：I want to order some books from the book store.4. keep ⋯ to oneself 保守秘密5. unless conj. 除非；如果不unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下，才决定做或不做一件事。

if ⋯ notThe concert will be held as schedule unless there is a typhoon. = The concert will be held as schedule if there is not a typhoon. 6.be afraid to do sth. 害怕干某事I ’m afraid to speak in front of other people.be afraid of sth. 害怕某事He told me not to be afraid of difficulties. be afraid +that 从句 I ’m afraid that I can’t finish on time 7. be angry with sb. We were angry with him for keeping us waiting. be angry at/about sth. 恼怒、生气 ” ，He is angry at/about your answer. I was very angry at what he said. 8 . in the end 最后；终于 = at last/ finally 。

at the end of 在 ... 末端； 到 ... 尽头He married the nice girl in the end / at last / finally. The school is at the end of the street. 9. careless adj. 粗心的；反义词为careful， 意为“ 小心的” The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心He is more careful than me. 他比我认真10. advise v.“ 劝告；建议 ” . 名:advice, 是不可数名词 . Give me some advice! advise doing sth. 建议做某事19 advise sb. （not）to do sth. 建议某人（不）做某事I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候I advise him not to sleep late every day. 我建议他不要每天睡懒觉My English teacher advises me to speak English. 11.It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好（不）做某事It ’s best to speak English every day.12. run away from “ 从⋯逃离” “逃避” 13. Cut ⋯in half “切成两半 ”新人教版八年级上册英语单元语法及知识点归纳Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?【重点语法】不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。

用法注意：1. some 和 any +可数名 /不可数名some 多用于肯定句， any 多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句有些问句中用some,不用 any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答2. 由 some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting 【重点短语】1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物2. taste + adj. 尝起来 ⋯⋯3. nothing...but + V.( 原形) 除了⋯⋯之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 =begin doing sth. 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事区分： stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此⋯⋯以至于 ⋯⋯16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事/ forget doing sth 忘记做过某事【词语辨析】1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照quite a few+ 名词复数“ 许多⋯”2. seem + 形容词 看起来⋯... You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事I seem to have a cold It seems + 从句 似乎.. ⋯. It seems that no one believe you.seem like ... 好像，似乎 ⋯.. It seems like a good idea.20 3. arrive in + 大地点 = get to= reach+ 地点名 “ 到达......”arrive at + 小地点（注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如：arrive here; get home ）4. feel like sth 感觉像 ⋯feel doing sth. 想要做某事5. wonder （想知道） +疑问词（ who, what, why) 引导的从句。

6. because of + 名/代/V-ing because+ 从句He can’t take a walk because of the rain. I don ’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.7. enough + 名词 足够的 ⋯...形容词 /副词+enough Unit2 How often do you exercise?【重点语法】1. 频率副词 : always, usually, often, sometimes, never 频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be 动词或助动词之后常用于一般现在时态中2.“ 次数” 的表达方法一次 once， 两次 twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times, 3. how often“多久一次 ” 问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语常见的 how 疑问词：1）How soon 多久（以后）—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？—He will be back in a month. 他一个月后能回来。

2）how long “ 多久”—How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？—It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时3）How many+ 名复How much+ 不可名“ 多少” 问数量（ how much 还可问价格）【重点短语】1. go to the movies 去看电影2. look after = take care of 照顾3. surf the internet 上网4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式5. go skate boarding 去划板6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康7. eating habits 饮食习惯8. take more exercise 做更多的运动9. the same as 与什么相同10. be different from 不同11. once a month 一月一次12. twice a week 一周两次13.make a difference to 对......有影响 /作用14. most of the students=most students 21 15. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物16. be good for 对......有益17. be bad for 对......有害18. come home from school放学回家19. of course = certainly = sure 当然20. get good grades 取得好成绩21. keep/be in good health 保持健康22. take a vacation 去度假【词语辨析】1. maybe / may be maybe 是副词，意为 “ 大概， 可能，或许 ” ，一般用于句首。

May be 是情态动词，意为 “ 可能是 ...，也许是 ...，大概是 ... ”.The baby is crying. Maybe she is hungry. The woman may be a teacher. 2. a few / few / a little / little a few ( 少数的，几个，一些 )a little ( 一点儿，少量 )表示肯定few (很少的，几乎没有的 )little (很少的，几乎没有的 )表示否定修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150. There is little time left. I won’t catch the first bus.Could you give me a little milk? 3. hard / hardly hard 作形容词，意为 “ 困难的，艰苦的，硬的 ” ；作副词，意为 “ 努力地，猛烈地 ” hardly 为副词，意为 “ 几乎不 ” The ground is too hard to dig. I can hardly understand them. It ’s raining hard. The people can hardly go outside.4. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for... 意思是 “ 至于；关于 ” ，+名词、代词或动词的 -ing 形式（即动名词）。

如： As for him ，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到As for the story ，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信5. That sounds interesting.这是“ 主语+系动词+表语” 结构的简单句 sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， smell（闻起来）， taste（尝起来）， feel（觉得）， seem（好象）， grow（变得） ,get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语如：It tastes good. 这味道好The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了6. percent 名词，意为 “ 百分之 ⋯⋯”百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent ( 不用复数形式 )，percent 做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定50％：fifty percent百分之五十Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。

Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱7. not ⋯ at all 意为 “ 一点也不 ” ，not 应放在 be 动词、情态动词或助动词之后22 The story isn’t interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣8. It is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是 ⋯⋯的It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣9. take, spend, pay It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“ 花费某人 ⋯⋯时间来做某事 ” 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了 ⋯⋯钱” 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事” pay 的主语必须是人，而 “ 花钱买某物 ” 为 pay...for... 10. however 副词，意为 “ 然而，可是 ” ，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.【重点语法】1. 形容词和副词的比较等级（1）形容词和副词的原形就是原级（2）比较级，表示较 ⋯⋯或更⋯⋯（3）最高级，表示最...。

2. 比较级句型 : （1）A + be 动词+形容词的比较级 +than +B “A比 B 更⋯⋯” （注意：A 与 B 必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比）（2）“A+ 实意动词 +副词比较级 + than + B ”表示“A比 B⋯”（3）比较 A ，B 两人/两事物问其中哪一个较 ⋯...时用句型：“Who/which +谓语动词 + adj./adv. 比较级， A or B ? ”Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary? 3. 比较级的特殊用法（1）“ 比较级 +and+比较级 ” ，意为 “ 越来越” 多音节比较级用 “more and more+原级”（2）“the+ 比较级(⋯), the+比较级 (⋯)”意思是： ” 越⋯越⋯”The more, the better.（3）主+ is + the 形容词比较级 +of the two+ 名复 “ 主语是两者中较 ......的”4. 两者在某一方面相同：A+谓语动词 /be 动词 +as+ adj./adv. 原级+ as+ B. Helen is as tall as Amy. Peter studies as hard as Tom. 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+ 形容词或副词原级 +as”I am not as tall as my sister. 5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。

当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级注意: 比较级不能用 very, so, too, quite等修饰重点短语】1. more outgoing 更外向 /更开朗2. as...as... 与⋯⋯ 一样3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛4. the most important 最重要的5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋6. the same as 与⋯⋯相同7. care about 关心/留意/关注8. be different from 与⋯...不同9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子10. as long as 只要；与 ⋯...一样长11. bring out 显示/显出23 12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩13. reach for 伸手达到 /达到14. touch one’s heart 感动15. in fact 事实上16. make friends 交朋友17. be good at 在某方面成绩好18. the other 另一个19. be similar to 与⋯相似20. be good with 与⋯和睦相处21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心have fun doing sth 做某事很开心22. do the same things as me. 做和我一样的事情23. It’s+adj+（for sb.）to do sth. “做某事（对某人来说）是...的 ”24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友25. as long as 只要；既然，引导条件状语从句【词语辨析】1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长...... 2. care about 关心care for 关爱take care ( 当/小心) take care of ( 照顾)=look after 3. make sb. do sth. ：让(使)某人做某事（ make 后跟不带 to 的不定式）His father always make me get up before five o'clock. make sb. + 形容词：使某人保持某种状态My friends always make me happy. 4. be like“就像⋯”I am like your sister.look like “外貌上的像” I look l ike my sister. 5. That ’s why+句子：那就是 ⋯的原因 /那就是为什么 ⋯That's why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。

6. be different from 与⋯⋯不同反：be the same as 与⋯⋯ 相同7. though ① adv. 不过；可是；然而（句末补充说明使语气减弱）② conj. 虽然；尽管 =although ，与 but 不能同时用在一个句子中He said he would come. He didn’t, though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him. 尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他8. get better grades 取得更好的成绩9. does( 助动词 do/did) ，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词10. be good with sb. 与某人相处得好Unit4 What ’s the best movie theater?【重点语法】1. 形容词最高级：用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较标志词：表比较范围时用in/of 24 形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可省略the。

2. 表示“ 三者（或以上）中最 ⋯⋯的” 的句型1）A + be + the 形容词最高级+ 表示范围（ in/of 介词短语）2）A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级+ 表示范围的 of/in 介词短语3. 常用句式1) Who/ Which ⋯+ 最高级 ⋯, A, B or C ?2) one of +the + 形容词最高级+名词复数形式 , 意为“ 最⋯之一” 3）序数词后跟形容词最高级【重点短语】1. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止2. no problem 没什么，别客气3. have ⋯.in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同4. be up to 由⋯...决定/是⋯...的职责5. all kinds of ⋯ 各种各样的 ⋯⋯6. play a role in doing sth./ sth. 发挥作用，有影响7. make up 编造（故事、谎言等）8. for example=e.g. 例如9. take ⋯..seriously 认真对待10. not everybody 并不是每个人11. close to 离.. ⋯.近12. more and more 越来越 ⋯⋯【词语辨析】1. How do you like + 名/代/V-ing=What do you think of：“ 你认为⋯怎么样？ ”2. Thanks for=Thank you for +名/代/V-ing: “感谢⋯”3. You ’re welcome. =Not at all. 不客气4. talent 名（可）天赋talent show 才艺表演talented adj. 有天赋的be talented in 在......方面有天赋5. be good at 擅长⋯ (＝ do well in) 反义短语： be poor / weak in 在...方面薄弱be good for 对⋯⋯有益，后跟人或事物；其反义短语是be bad for be good to 对⋯⋯好(和善；慈爱 )，相当于be friendly to ，后面通常接人6. all kinds of 各种各样的different kinds of 不同种类的a kind of 一种⋯...* kind of 有点+ adj.： kind of boring / fat /thin 7. win vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n. 赢者8. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事9. 举例：such as 常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on( 等等)连用； like 可和 such as 互换； for example 一般只列举一个，作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首 /句中/句末。

Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?【重点语法】25 1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：What do you think of ⋯?=How do you like⋯?2. 描述喜好 I love/ like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand ⋯3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他； 主语（三单） +V(三单)+其他) 【重点短语】1. find out 查出/发现2. be ready to do 准备做 ⋯3. dress up 打扮/化妆成4. take one's place 代替某人5. do a good job 干的好 /表演的出色6. think of 想到/思考7. game show 游戏节目8. learn from 向⋯...学习9. talk show 访谈节目10. soap opera 肥皂剧11. go on 继续12. watch a movie 看电影13. one of⋯ 其中之一14. try one’s best to =do one’s best to 竭尽全力15. a pair of 一双16. as famous as 一样闻名 /出名17. look like 看起来像18. around the world 世界各地19. have a discussion about 讨论⋯...20. one day 有一天 /某一天21. such as 例如22. a symbol of 一个象征 /标志23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情24. interesting information 有趣的信息【词语辨析】1. want + n 想要⋯⋯want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事 ⋯⋯2. mind 介意，其后 +名词/代词/V-ing 3. stand 1)“ 站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立2) “忍受” ( 多用于否定句、疑问句 ) , 后可+名/代/V-ing 4. plan vt. & vi. 计划, 打算，plan to do sth. plan 还可作名词，如： make plans 制定计划5. v. discuss ( 讨论) + ion→ n. discussionhad a discussion about sth. 对某事进行讨论6. happen v. 发生; 出现sth+ happens to sb.”或“sth happened + 时间/地点” 句式7. 情态动词may 语气弱于 can ，意为“ 可能”26 might 表推测，语气最弱，意为“ 可能”may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱，意为“ 可能不”They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。

8. expect to do sth. 期盼做某事hope to do sth: 希望干某事很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask 9. be famous as 作为⋯⋯而出名be famous for sth. 因为......而出名10. one of⋯ 后跟可数名词复数，表示 ⋯之一 其后的谓语动词用单数One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生11. show n. 节目 TV shows/ talent shows；v. 展示 show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth. Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.【重点词语 /短语用法解析】1. want to be/become + ( 职业)名词 : “想要成为 ⋯.. ”I want to be (be) a scientist when I grow up. 2. write stories 写故事tell stories 讲故事3. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事（表动作的反复）keeping doing sth. 保持做某事（表动作或状态的持续）4. be sure about + 名/代/V-ing “肯定”Are you sure about that? make sure (that)+ 从句“⋯... 确保... ⋯”Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out. 5. learn sth. We must learn English every day. learn to do sth. I am going to learn to play ( play) the piano. 6. discuss v. 讨论；商量名词是 discussion discuss with sb. 与某人讨论: Discuss this question with your partner. Let’s discuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。

All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论7. be able to do sth. 能够做某事（1）can : can+ 动词原形，无人称和数的变化只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于将来时be able to + 动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态2）can 常指客观上能够； be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事He will be able to( 能够) speak English next year.（在此不能填 can）8. promise n. 承诺；诺言v. 许诺；承诺；答应make a promise(to sb) （对某人）许下诺言keep a promise 遵守诺言break a promise 违背诺言promise (sb) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事promise (sb) +that 从句He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我I promised that I study hard from now on. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。

27 9. have to do with 关于；与 ⋯⋯有关系The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关10. take up sth./doing sth. （尤指为消遣）学着做；开始做I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭11. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. too+形容词 /副词 to+动词原形，表示 “ 太⋯...而不能 ... ⋯”如：The kid is too young to play this game. 这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏12. one ’s own + 名词 “ 某人自己的东西 ” ， 强调某物为个人所有my own book 我自己的书本【重点语法】一般将来时 “am/is/are going to + 动词原形 ” 结构1. 基本形式否定式： am/is/are not going to + 动词原形一般疑问式： am/is/are + 主语+ going to + 动词原形 +其他？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式？He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。

Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗？What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么？2. 基本用法（1）表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧2）表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集天要下雨了Unit7 Will people have robots?【重点词语 /短语用法解析】1. many+ 可数名词许多...... much +不可数名词许多...... 2. live to be+ 基数词 + years old“活到... ⋯ 岁”3. be in great danger 处在极大的危险中4. play a part in + 名/代/V-ing. 参与某事 /做某事Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 5. help (sb.) with sth. 帮助（某人）做某事He often helps me with my English. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助（某人）做 ⋯⋯He often helps me study English. help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等) Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼6. the same as⋯ 和⋯⋯一样...... 反义短语：be different from 7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了 ⋯⋯时间做某事 (时态根据具体情况决定）It takes me an hour to get to my office. spend time ／money on sth. 在⋯⋯上花费时间（金钱）28 sb. spend time ／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。

I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间8. hundreds of + 名词复数 许多/大量...... 数词+hundred + 名词复数几百...... 类似的数词还有thousand （千） , million （万）There are four hundred students in our grade. There are hundreds of tourists in Beijing every year. 9. during 在⋯期间during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend 10. the meaning of ⋯...的意思Can you tell me the meaning of the words? 【重点语法】一般将来时Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?【重点词语 /短语用法解析】1. cut 是“ 切, 割” 的意思，过去式为cut。

cut up 意为“ 切碎”Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up. Cut it /them up. 2. turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等 ) turn off 关掉, 截断(电流、煤气、水等 ) turn up 开大, 调高(音量、热量等 ) turn down 调低, 关小(音量、热量等 ) 3. one more thing 另外一件事情another ten minutes 再多十分钟数字+ more + 物品 指“ 另外的 ⋯⋯another + 数字 + 物品 指“ 另外的 ⋯⋯当数字为 one 时，常与 more 连用或只用another Give me two more hamburgers？another two hamburgers 4. forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事5. It’s a time （for sb ）. to do sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时期了It ’s time （for sb.）to do sth. =It’s time for sth. 该是（某人）做某事的时间了。

It ’s a time for you to study English.It ’s time for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)6. give thanks for + 名/代 V-ing “感恩... ⋯”We should give thanks for our parents. He gave thanks for life and food. 7. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal. by +sth./doing : 1）以⋯...方式 I study English by listening to English songs. 29 2）在... ⋯ 的旁边 I am sitting by the pool. 3）在... ⋯ 之前 I have to go to school by 8:00. 4）搭乘 I go to school by bus. 8. Here is + 名单(宾语) “这是⋯” 是倒装句Here is a photo of my family. Here are+ 名复Here are some English books. 当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。

如：Here you are.( 对) Here are you.( 错) 9. fill sth. with sth. 用... ⋯ 把⋯...装满 (强调动作 ) be full of“装满⋯”(强调状态 ) I filled the cup with the milk. The cup is full of the milk. 10. put ⋯in(into)⋯ 把⋯...放到... ⋯ 里11. cover ⋯with ⋯ 用⋯...覆盖12. cut ⋯into 把⋯...切成... ⋯ Cut the apple into four pieces.cut up ⋯ 切碎13. serve v. 服务 n. service serve +名/代 “ 提供⋯” The shop serves nice food.serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables. serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人 ” Serve the guests with some tea.【重点语法】名词的单复数Unit9 Can you come to my party?【重点词语 /短语用法解析】1. one ⋯another ⋯ 表示不确定数目中的另一个one⋯the other⋯ 表示两者中的另一个I don't like this one, can you show me another? I have two brothers. One is a lawyer and the other is a manager. some ⋯others ⋯ 表示没有范围限定的 “ 一些⋯...另一些... ⋯”some ⋯the others⋯ 表示某一范围的 “ 一些... ⋯ 其余的 ⋯... ”Some go to school by bike and others go to school by bus. Some go to school by bike and the others go to school by bus. 2. invite v. 邀请 n. invitation invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事 ”invite sb. to+ 地点名词1) Mr. Green invited me to visit his factory last week. 2) Thanks a lot for your invitation 3) Thanks for inviting me to your party. 3.（1）What ’s the date today? 意为“ 今天是几月几号？ ” It ’s +月+日。

2）What day is it today? 意为“ 今天是星期几？ ”It ’s + 星期几—What ’s the date? —It ’s September 10th.—What day is it today? — It ’s Wednesday.4. have a lesson(class) 上课30 have an English lesson 5. prepare v. 准备 n. preparation prepare sth. “准备某物 ” ，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语prepare for sth. “为⋯⋯做准备 ” ，指为后面的宾语做准备prepare to do sth. “准备做某事 ”6. bring...to⋯“带来” 把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方take⋯to ⋯“带去” 把某物从说话的地方带到别处去两者方向相反）Bring your homework here, and take the book away. 把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走7. without （介词）没有反义词： with “具有”We can ’t live without water.Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair. 8. so that + 从句： 以便于；目的是I study hard so that I can get good grades. 9. surprise n. 惊奇surprised adj. 感到惊奇的（指人）surprising adj. 令人惊奇的（指物）be surprised at sth.“惊奇于某事 ”to one ’s surprise “令某人惊奇的是 ”① I ’m surprised at the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。

② To my surprise, he left without leaving a word. 令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了10. look forward to ( 介词)+名/代/V-ing I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复I look forward to seeing you again. 11. hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got a letter from my friend yesterday. 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式Exercising is the best way to keep healthy. 13. how to do that. “该怎么做 ” ，疑问词 +to do sth 常用来做宾语I don ’t know how to make a banana milk shake.I don ’t know what to do.14. at the end of “在⋯末尾”Now, it is at the end of 2014. 反义短语： at the beginning of “ 在⋯开始”15. be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴 /难过做某事I am glad to see you. 16. reply to sb./sth.“回复⋯”Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信形式回复这份邀请函”【重点语法】一. 表示邀请的句型1. Can/Could you ⋯(come to my party)?2. Would you like to..( Would you like to my party)? 接受： Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.31 拒绝:：① I ’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由) ② I ’d love/like to, but I ⋯ (理由) 3.I ’m afraid not. I⋯(理由) 二. must 与 have to1. must 表示主观 “ 必须” ；must 表示“ 主观上的要求 ” ，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: needn ’t 或 don't have to ( 不必)。

mustn’t 表示“ 禁止”.2. have to 表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: don ’t / doesn’t / didn’t have to (没必要) —Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8点之前我必须回家吗？—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!【重点词语 /短语用法解析】1. have a great time 意为“ 玩得愉快 ” ，=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good / wonderful / nice time have a great / good time in (doing) sth. 做某事很开心2. ask sb. （not）to do sth. 要求某人（不）做某事The teachers ask us to do (do) lots of homework. 3. order sth. from + 地点“ 从某地订购食物 ”I want to order some books from the book store. 4. keep ⋯to oneself 保守秘密5. unless conj. 除非；如果不unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下，才决定做或不做一件事。

if...not The concert will be held as schedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule if there is not a typhoon. 6. be afraid to do sth. 害怕干某事I ’m afraid to speak in front of other people.be afraid of sth. 害怕某事He told me not to be afraid of difficulties. be afraid +that 从句I ’m afraid that I can’t finish on time7. be angry with sb. We were angry with him for keeping us waiting. be angry at/about sth. He is angry at/about your answer. I was very angry at what he said. 8. in the end 最后；终于 = at last/ finally at the end of 在...末端；到 ...尽头He married the nice girl in the end/at last/finally. The school is at the end of the street. 9. careless adj. 粗心的；反义词： careful， 意为“ 小心的 ” 。

The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心He is more careful than me. 他比我认真10. advise v.“劝告；建议 ”n. advice, 是不可数名词 . Give me some advice! advise doing sth. 建议做某事advise sb. （not）to do sth. 建议某人（不）做某事I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候I advise him not to sleep late every day. 我建议他不要每天睡懒觉32 11. It’s best (not) to do sth. 最好（不）做某事It ’s best to speak English every day.12. run away from“ 从⋯逃离” “逃避”13. cut ⋯in half “切成两半 ”【重点语法】if 条件句if 条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中if 是“ 如果” 的意思，引导条件状语从句，if 从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。

主将从现）构成if 从句主句（主将从现）时态一般现在时：主+be(is/am/are)+ 其它（名 /形）主+V 原+其它主（三单） +V（三单） +其它1.一般将来时：主语＋shall/will+V 原2.主句是祈使句3.主句含有情态动词Can, may , must 等词4.主句含有 want, hope , wish 等表愿望的词例句If I am an teacher,If you come back,If he comes ，If you can come,If I have much moneyI will be busy.call me please.he will take us to the zoo.please let me know.I may take a trip.注意：在与 if 条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时，而不用be going to 表示将来时PS：在 when（当⋯时候） , after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）如： I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打。